ME 6201

Homework #3
Dr. D.L. McDowell
Due: Oct. 10, 2005

1. Consider the time-dependent motion

x1* = x1 kx2 t , x2* = x2 + ( k 1) x3 sinh(t ) , and x3* = x3

a) Express the velocity field in terms of both material and spatial coordinates.
b) Express the acceleration field in terms of both material and spatial
coordinates.
D
c) If = x1* 2 x2* x3* find the material time derivative in terms of spatial

m
Dt

er as
coordinates.

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*****************************************************************

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x*

o.
a) v =  = ( kx2 , ( k 1) x3 cosh(t ), 0 ) Eq (1)
 t x
rs e
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Note
o

x1 = x1* + kx2 t , x2 = x2* ( k 1) x3 sinh(t ) , x3* = x3

aC s
vi y re

Solving
x2 = x2* ( k 1) x3* sinh(t )
x1 = x1* + k ( x2* ( k 1) x3* sinh(t ) ) t
ed d
ar stu

Sunstitute in Eq 1

(
v = k ( x2* ( k 1) x3* sinh(t ) ) , ( k 1) x3* cosh(t ), 0 )
sh is


Th

v
b) a =  = ( 0, ( k 1) x3 sinh(t ), 0 ) = ( 0, ( k 1) x3* sinh(t ), 0 )
 t x


c) = x1* 2 x2* x3*

D
= + v. *
Dt t x*  x
 

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= 0, = (1, 2 x3* , 2 x3* )
t x* x *
 
D
= k ( x2* ( k 1) x3* sinh(t ) ) 2 x3* ( k 1) x3* cosh(t )
Dt

m
er as
co
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o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
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 2. The spatial velocity components in a continuum body are given by

V1 = Cx1* x2* , V2 = Cx1* x2* , V3 = Dx3*

At the point (2, 2, 1) in the current configuration, find the matrices of components
of the (a) rate of deformation tensor and (b) the vorticity or spin tensor.

******************************************************************

cx2* cx1* 0
v
L = * = cx2* cx1* 0
 x
 0 0 D

m
er as
c ( x2* x1* )

co
cx2* 0

eH w
2
2c 0 0

o.
c ( x * x* )
D = (L + L ) =
rs e 0 = 0 2c 0
1 T 2 1
cx1*

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 2   2
0 0 D
0 0 D



o
aC s

c ( x2* + x1* )
vi y re

0 0
2
c ( x* + x* ) 0 2c 0
W = (L L ) = 0 = 2c 0 0
1 2 1
ed d

T
0
 2   2
0 0 0
ar stu

0 0 0



sh is

.
Th

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 3. Consider the motion x1 = x1* ( ket + 1) + x2* , x2 = x2* ( k 2t + 1) , and x3 = x3* .

a) Find the velocity field in terms of spatial coordinates.

b) Find the velocity gradient tensor ( L ), the rate of deformation tensor ( D ),
 
and the spin tensor ( W ).

c) Determine the logarithmic strain rate in the direction n = (1, 2, 0 ) in the

current configuration.
d) Show that F is equal to L F .
  
********************************************************************

x* u
a) v =  =  + v.u

m
 t x t  

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x*
 

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u
v=  + v.u
 t  

o.
x*


rs e
v1 = ke x1* + v1 ( ket ) + v2 ( 1)
t
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v2 = k 2 x2* + v2 ( k 2t )
v3 = 0
o
aC s
vi y re

This gives

1 k 2 x2* k 2 x2*
v= ke t *
x + , ,0
 1 + ket 1 + k 2t 1 + k 2 t
1

ed d
ar stu

1 1 k2
t (
ke )
t
0
1 + ke 1 + ket 1 + k 2t
sh is

v k 2
b) L = * = 0 0
 x 1 + k 2t
Th

 0 0 0

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 1 1 k
2

t (
ket )
1
2
0
1 + ke 2 1 + ket 1+ k t
1
1 k k 2
2
D = ( L + LT ) =
1
t 2
0
 2   2 1 + ke 1 + k t 1 + k 2t

0 0 0

1 1 k
2

0 2
0
2 1 + ket 1+ k t
1
1 k
2
W = ( L LT ) =
1
t 2
0 0
 2   2 1 + ke 1 + k t

m
er as

0 0 0

co

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o.
rs e
c) Logrithmic strain rate = n.D.n
  
ou urc
1
where n = (1 2 0 )
o

 5
aC s

1 1 k
2

t (
ket )
1
vi y re

2
0
1 + ke 2 1 + ket 1+ k t
1 1
1 k k 2
2
1
n.D.n = (1 2 0 ) t 2
0 2
   5 2 1 + ke 1 + k t 1+ k t
2
ed d

0
ar stu

0 0 0


sh is

d)
Th

1 1
ket + 1 ket + 1 k 2t + 1 0
( )( )
x* 1
F=  = 0 0
 x

( k t + 1)
2


0 0 0

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 ket ket k2
+ 0
( ke + 1) ( ke + 1) ( k 2t + 1) ( ke + 1)( k 2t + 1)
t 2 t 2 t 2


k2
LF = 0 0
  ( k t + 1)
2 2

0 0 0

ket ket k2
+ 0
( ke + 1) ( ke + 1) ( k 2t + 1) ( ke + 1)( k 2t + 1)
t 2 t 2 t 2


k2
F =  = 0
DF
0

m
 Dt ( k t + 1)
2

er as
2

0

co
0 0

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o.
rs e
Therefore F = L F
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o
aC s
vi y re
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 4. Consider the polar decomposition F = R U . If the principal stretch ratios are
  
1 = 2 , 2 = 1 2 , and 3 = 3 2 and the principal stretch directions in the

reference configuration are n1 = (1, 0, 0 ) , n2 = 0, 1 , 1 , and

  2 2
n3 = 0, 1 , 1 , find the right stretch tensor.
 2 2
***********************************************************************

U = 1n1 n1 + 2 n2 n2 + 3 n3 n3
      

1 0 0

m
U = 2 0 [1 0 0] + 1/ 2 0 1/ 2 1/ 2 + 1/ 2 0 1/ 2 1/ 2
1 3

er as
 2 2
0

co
1/ 2 1/ 2

eH w
2 0 0

o.

= 0 1/ 2
0
1
rs e
1
ou urc
1/ 2
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
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 5. Consider the polar decomposition F = R U , with the deformation gradient given as
  
13 2 7 6
1
32 32
13 2 7 6
[ F ] = 1
 32 32
7 3 1
0
16 16

a) Find the rotation tensor R .



m
er as
b) Find the left stretch tensor V .


co
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**********************************************************************

o.
Note
rs e
ou urc
F = R U = V R
    
F F T = V R (V R ) = V R RT V T = V V T = V 2
T

            
o

V = F FT
aC s

  
R = V 1 F
vi y re

  
Using Matlab
ed d

Eigen values for F F T are 1 , 2 , 3 = 0.25, 1.5625, 2 and the corresponding eigen
ar stu

 
vectors are

n1 = ( 0.3536 0.3536 0.866 )

sh is


n2 = ( 0.6124 0.6124 0.5 )
Th


n3 = ( 0.7071 0.7071 0 )

Therefore

V = 1 n1 n1 + 2 n2 n2 + 3 n3 n3 which gives
      

1.2384 0.1759 0.2296

V = 0.1759 1.2384 0.2296

0.2296 0.2296 0.6875

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 0.7071 0.3536 0.6124
R = V F = 0.7071 0.3536 0.6124
1

  
0 0.866 0.5

m
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co
eH w
o.
rs e
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o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
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sh is
Th

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