Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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 Armenian Background,
pt 5a: Armenian Principalities 1
AD 1071-1087
0 50 100 150 k Varna
Strategic Situation 1097/09
Ardas a
Preslav Sinope Kur
B Georgia
Adrianople (David IV)
{1089-1125}
Constantinople
Rodosto Trebizond
B
is
Nicomedia ps

ios
am

gar
Civetot Iris Saltuqids
Ac

San
(Saltuq) Aras
us Rum Seljuqs Danishmendids Yesil
irma Mengujekids uh
Cor{1090?-1102}
ni
c Cyzicus Nicaea k
a
Abydos Gr
Elkhan Sank (Qilich Arslan) (Danishmend Ghazi) (Mengujek) Theodosopolis
Teleboas
{1090?-1118}

dacus
arya
{1085?-1104}

u)
{1092-1107}

S
Sebastia

at
)
a Su

ur
Rhyn
Ankyra (Kar

(M
Byzantine Dorylaeum
Empire
Amorium ak
Alexios Pergamum Ha li rm
s anias Akhlat
iz lys izi Ar
{1081-1118} Chaka
He
r
II Ge
d K
mu
s Philomelium Caesarea Melitene
Smyrna
Antioch
Armenian
k
yu

Meander Iconium
Bu

Principalites Diyarbakr

han
Coxon
an

Sey
Tangipernes Laodicea
y h

Ti
Cilician Gates Ce

g ris
Heraclea Marash

s
Saru
Adana mus
ra Edessa
Py

Attalia a
Goksu Tarsis g h Mosul
ou
Cal Belen Pass
Rhodes yca
b
dnu
s Antioch
K e r
Studies YaghiSiyan Ridwan
Seleucia Euphr
Boase, T. The History of the Kingdom The Cilician St Simeon Aleppo ates

Zab
Kingdom of Armenia, ed. T. Boase (1978), 1-33.

ater
Raqqa
Charanis, P. The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire.

Gre
Latakia Rahba
(1963). Seljuq empire
Forse, J. Armenians and the First Crusade Journal of Nicosia
t i ne Barkiyaruq
y zan Hama
Medieval History 17 (1991): 13-22 B {1092-1105}
Ghazarian, J. The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During Paphos Homs
Janah al-
the Crusades. (2015) Tripoli
Dawla
 0 25 50 k
Crusader campaigns in Armenian Territories Te
le
bo
1097-1098
H as
aly
s Danishmendids Mengujekids Saltuqids
(Saltuq)
(Danishmend Ghazi) (Mengujek)
{1090?-1102}
{1090?-1118} Su )
{1085?-1104} Arsa
nias
(M
urat

ak
i lirm
Kiz
Caesarea

Melitene
Philomelium

Plastenzia
1- Main crusader army marches through
Cyzistra ArmenianElbistan
principalities, entering into
alliances with local Armenian lords
Iconium Coxon
Tigris
{09/01} Crusaders Amid
capture Heraclea 1 Armenian
Principalites

han
Cilician Gates Samosata s
ate

Sey
n h r
Rum Seljuqs Sis Ce
y ha
Marash
Eup
Balduk

s
Heraclea
(Qilich Arslan)

ru
Sa
2
2- {/09/14-/10/late} Cilician
{1092-1107}
C campaign of Tancred and Baldwin.
aly
ca 3 Edessa
dn Adana Aintab
us us
m
ra
Py 3- {/10/14-/1098/02/20}
Mamistra Baldwins Edessa campaign
Tarsus Harran
Gr
eat
er
Alexandretta Zab
Belen Pass Manbij l
Mosu a)
Gok
su
Antioch rb o g h
(Ke 1102}

h
{10/21} Crusaders arrive at

lik
Seleucia (Yaghi-Siyan) -

Ba
Antioch; siege begins
Antioch
{1086-1098}
Aleppo {1095
St Simeon
Aleppo (Ridwan)
an
t es {1095-1113}
r
O Euphr
ates
Raqqa

Latakia
t ine
y zan
B
 Principality of Philaretos (greatest extent) 1071-1087
Melitene

Cyzistra Elbistan

Gakik
Vahka Coxon

Rubin (Roupen) I
{1080-1095}
(Rupenids)
Cilician Gates Kaysun Samosata
Pardzerpert
Marash
Heraclea
Sis
Oshin
{1072-1097+}
(Hethumids) Principality
Lampron of Philaretos
Edessa
{1071-1087}
Aintab
Adana

Abulgharib Artsruni
Tarsus {1080s} Mamistra Harran

Alexandretta
Belen Pass Manbij

Seleucia
Studies Antioch
Yarnley, C. Philaretos: Armenian Bandit or Byzantine Aleppo
General? Revue des etudes armeniennes, 9 (1972):
St Simeon
331353.
Philaretos Brachamios (Varazhnuni) {1071-1087}

1- Armenian general in Byzantine service; at Manzikert

cruel, greedy and treacherous

2- Established semi-independent principality {1071}, ruling Antioch {from 1078}

Supported by 8000 (?) Frankish mercenaries under Raimbaud (originally

Byzantine mercenaries who shift allegiance to Philaretos)

3- Invited Armenian mercenaries and emigrants; placed Armenian commanders

and troops in garrisons throughout his domain
 Principality of Rubin (Rupenids) 1080-1199
Melitene

Cyzistra Elbistan

Gakik
Vahka Coxon

Rubin (Roupen) I
{1080-1095}
(Rupenids)
Cilician Gates
Pardzerpert Kaysun Samosata
Marash
Heraclea
Sis
Oshin
{1072-1097+}
(Hethumids) Principality
Lampron of Philaretos
Edessa
{1071-1087}
Aintab
Adana

Abulgharib Artsruni
Tarsus {1080s} Mamistra Harran

Alexandretta
Belen Pass Manbij

Seleucia
Antioch
Aleppo
St Simeon
Ruben (Roupen, Rupen) I {1080-1095}
1- Armenian prince of the Bagratid royal family; settled in Cilicia as
general for the Byzantines

2- Declares independence from Byzantium in 1080 after Byzantines

assassinate of Gagik in 1079; king of Armenia, who had been hostage at
Constantinople {1045-1079}.

3- Expands power into the northern Cilicia plains

4- Founder of the Rubenid (Roupenid) dynasty {1080-1199/1252}

 Principality of Oshin (Hethumids) 1072-1373
Melitene

Cyzistra Elbistan

Gakik
Vahka Coxon

Rubin (Roupen) I
{1080-1095}
(Rupenids)
Cilician Gates
Pardzerpert Kaysun Samosata
Marash
Heraclea
Sis
Oshin
{1072-1097+}
(Hethumids) Principality
Lampron of Philaretos
Edessa
{1071-1087}
Aintab
Adana

Abulgharib Artsruni
Tarsus {1080s} Mamistra Harran

Alexandretta
Belen Pass Manbij

Seleucia
Antioch
Aleppo
St Simeon
 Oshin of Lampron {1072-1097?}

1- Commander of the fortress of Ganja in Armenia before 1071; fled to Cilicia

after Manzikert

2- Becomes the commander of the Lampron fortress in Cilicia (for Philaretos?)

3- independent after death of Philoretus {1087}; expands his authority

4- Remained subservient to the Rubenids in the twelfth century

4 Ancestor of the later dominant Hethumid dynasty {1226-1373}

 Crusading Warfare
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