Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
1
ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT (Skill: Dr)
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To draw and label the external dorsal features of the cock roach of the genus Blaberus.
Method:
1. Collect a cockroach and put it in a bottle with cotton wool soaked in chloroform for
30mins.
2. Take the cockroach out and place it on the board with the dorsal side up, with one
elytron and one wing extended.
3. Place two pins against the base of the elytron and the wing.
4. Draw the dorsal view of the cockroach and label the following features:
a) Head with *antennae and compound eyes
b) The thorax
c) Jointed legs
d) Wings: * Elytron & flying wings.
e) Abdomen with division
f) *Spiracles
5. Annotate the structure with *
**Remember to measure the length (in cm) of the cockroach and record your measurement at
the back of page. (this information will be needed to calculate the magnification)**
2
ECOLOGY (Skill ORR/MM)
Lab #:
Date:
Title: Ecology
Aim: To determine the frequency and population density of 3 species of plant on the Ocho Rios
High School compound using a 1m2 quadrat.
Procedure :
3
Observation:
-Table title: Record sheet of counts for estimating frequency and density of plant species.
Date:
Site:
Quadrat Size:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency of any species is how often the species occurs at different sites in any
particular habitat.
Frequency = (a b)
Density is the average number of individual species per unit area or quadrat area.
4
Formula for Calculating Density of a species
Step c. Average number of named species per quadrat toss = step a step b
Discussion:
2, Use abiotic factors (such as soil type, water, light, nutrients etc) and biological facts to explain
the frequency and density of the three species studied.
Conclusion:
5
SOIL
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To investigate the water holding capacity of clay, sandy and loam soil
Method:
1. Collect 3 -100 ml measuring cylinders and label sand, clay and loam.
3. Put a filter funnel in each measuring cylinder and pour half cup of each soil type (sand, clay
and loam) or the equivalent in mass for half cup of each soil type.
7. Calculate the water holding capacity by subtracting volume of water collected from the
volume poured into soil.
6
Title : WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF SNADY, CLAY AND LOAM SOIL
Type of Soil Volume of water poured Volume of water collected Water Holding capacity.
into soil- V1 (ml) V2 (ml)
V1 V2
Sandy
Clay
Loam
Discussion:
Conclusion:.
7
PD PROPOSAL
Lab #:
Date:
Title:
8
DIFFUSION
Lab #:
Date:
Title: Diffusion
Procedure:
Observation:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
9
OSMOSIS
Lab #:
Date:
Title: Osmosis
Procedure:
10
Texture and Length of Irish Potato Strip before and after Incubation in Distil Water and Sodium
Chloride Solution
Percentage Change in Length = ( ) 100
CONCLUSION:
11
PHOTOSYNTHESIS I (STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF)
Lab:
Date:
Aim: To draw and label the dorsal features of the hibiscus leaf
Procedure:
a) Petiole
b) Midrib
c) Veins
d) Leaf blade/lamina
e) Leaf margin
f) Apex
12
PHOTOSYNTHESIS II (STARCH TEST ON LEAF)
Lab #:
Date:
Apparatus/Reagent/Material: Green and white variegated hibiscus leaf, iodine, boiling tube,
beaker, petri dish, tongs, bunsen burner, dropper, tap water, alcohol
Procedure:
1. Pick a green hibiscus leaf from a hibiscus plant that grows in full sunlight.
2. Observe the leaf, noting texture and colour.
3. Prepare hot water bath to a temperature of 1000C.
4. Use a tong, and dip leaf in hot water bath for 60seconds.
5. Remove leaf and feel leaf texture.
6. Put leaf into a boiling tube full with alcohol.
7. Place boiling tube and its contents in hot water bath for 20mins. Observe
occasionally.
8. Remove the leaf from the alcohol and observe.
9. Wash leaf thoroughly in water.
10. Place leaf in petri dish and cover leaf with iodine solution. Leave apparatus for 10 -
30 minutes
11. Observe
Conclusion
13
PHOTOSYNTHESIS III (IMPORTANCE OF CHLOROPHYLL)
Lab #:
Date:
Apparatus/Reagent/Material: Green and white variegated hibiscus leaf, iodine, boiling tube,
beaker, petri dish, tong, bunsen burner, dropper, tap water, alcohol
Procedure:
Conclusion
14
ENZYME ACTION
Lab#:
Date:
Apparatus/Reagent/Materials: 3 test tubes, test tube rack, test tube holder, 3 large beaker,
water bath-hot water, ice cold water and room temperature tap water, thermometer
measuring cylinder, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), irish potato ( shredded).
Procedure:
Observation: Record if little bubbles, no bubbles, or a lot of bubbles were seen in each test
tube in each water bath
15
Discussion:
Conclusion:
16
NUTRITION (FOOD TESTS)
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To determine the nutrients composition in food storage organs: (Students will then list all
food item they used to do this lab)
Apparatus/ Reagents:/ Materials:: Test tubes, test tube racks, test tube holder, small
measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, gauze, large beaker, spatula, droppers, knife/
blade, Iodine solution, Benedicts solution, dilute hydrochloric acid (HCL), ethanol, distilled
water, sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), copper sulphate solution (CuSO4), sodium hydrogen
carbonate (NaHCO3), *list all food substances used*
Procedure:
1. Finely cut up/ crush the solid food material. Use only small amounts (to cover the
bottom of the test tube) when performing the tests.
2. Using the reagents and apparatus provided, perform the different food tests on each of
your food materials.
3. Ensure that all observations of colour changes are made when the tests are performed.
(a) Put a small amount of food material on a watch glass or petri dish.
17
2. TESTING FOR REDUCING/ SIMPLE SUGARS:
(a) To a small amount of food material in a clean test tube, add 2 cm3 Benedicts/
Fehlings solution and shake.
(c) A colour change green. Yellow, brown, orange-red, brick-red confirms that the
presence of reducing sugar. The colour obtained is based on the concentration of
sugar in the food material.
(a) To a small amount of food material in a clean test tube, add 2cm3 dilute
hydrochloric acid (HCL) and warm for 1 to 2 minutes in a water bath.
(b) Add solid sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in very small amounts until the fizzing
stops.
(e) Colour change orange red, red, brick- red confirms the presence of non-reducing
sugar. The colour obtained is based on the concentration of the sugar present.
(a) To a small amount of food material in a clean test tube, add 2cm3 sodium hydroxide
solution (NaOH) and shake.
(d) If no colour change is seen, warm the test tube in a water bath for 3 to 5 minutes
and observe.
(a) To a small amount of food material in a clean test tube, add 5cm3 ethanol (ethyl alcohol
C2H5OH) and shake vigorously for 2 to 3 minutes.
18
(c) Pour off the clean upper layer into a clean test tube.
Results:
NUTRIENTS
Food Sample Starch Protein Simple sugar Complex Fat
sugar
19
RESPIRATION I (RESPIRATORY SUFACES)
Lab #:
Date:
Procedures:
1. From reading and research done using science textbook, encyclopedia and the
internet-Draw and label the respiratory surface (s) of the following organism below
and use arrows to show the movement/direction of the flow of gases (oxygen and
carbon dioxide) in and out of the respiratory surface :
(a) Mammals, eg. Human
(b) Amphibian, eg. Frog
(c) Fish Gill
(d) Flowering plant
(e) Insect
Observation:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
20
RESPIRATION II (STRUCTURE OF A FISH GILL)
Lab #:
Date:
Procedure:
**Remember to measure the length (in cm) of the fish gill and record your measurement at the
back of page. (this information will be needed to calculate the magnification)**
21
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS (TRANSPIRATION)
Lab#:
Date:
Title: Transpiration
Apparatus/Reagent/Material: Two potted plant (same type and size), two bell jars, plastic bag,
and cobalt chloride paper
Procedure:
Observation:
Discussion:
22
(d) Give biological reason for your observation in bell jar with potted plant with leaves and
bell jar with potted plant without leaves.
Conclusion:
23
RESPONSE I (PUPIL REFLEX)
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: to investigate the effect of light intensity ( bright light and dim light) on pupil size.
Procedure:
Step 1: 1. In a room were windows and door can be closed, work in pairs, one person acts as
the subject and the other the experimenter.
2. The experimenter should examine the size of the subjects pupil while eyes are pupil
are open.
3. Close windows and doors so room becomes dark
4. Ask the subject to close his/her eyes for 10 seconds and then open.
5. Observe the pupil size
6. Still in the dark room, ask subject to open his/her eyes and shine a flashlight near
into the eye.
7. Observe pupil size
Observation:
should include:
Discussion:
24
What is pupil reflex
Function of the pupil & (b) iris
Give reason for your observation of pupil size in: (a) dim light and (b) pupil size in bright
light.
o (mention should be made of the circular and radial muscles of the iris and the
role they play)
Conclusion:
25
RESPONSE II (PHOTOTROPISM)
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To investigate the effect of light on the shoot of red kidney below seedlings.
Apparatus/ Reagent/ Material: red kidney bean seedlings in pots, cardboard box, knife
Procedures:
1. Collect three red kidney bean seedlings that were planted 3 days ago in separate
containers.
2. Remove or cut a portion of one side of one of the cardboard box and place one
seedling in it then cover or close box.
3. Place one seedling in a dark cupboard.
4. Place the third seedling on top of a cupboard where the seedling is illuminated from
all side.
5. Water each seedling with the same amount of water, same time daily. Reseal box
after watering.
6. Observe the seedlings for 7 days and record :-
(i) The direction of growth of shoot in each environment
(ii) As well as any other observation of significance
Observation:
Conclusion:
26
MOVEMENT IN ANIMALS
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To draw, label and annotate cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Procedure:
27
GROWTH
Lab #:
Date:
Apparatus/Reagent/Materials: 3 gungo peas and 3 red pea seeds, 3 plastic container, ruler or
tape measure, water, graph paper, marker, soil.
Procedure:
Observation:
28
Title: Table showing shoot height (cm) for red pea and gungo pea over a three week period.
a. Height of red peas and and the height of gungo peas ( must be on one graph leaf)
b. Height of red peas and gungo peas. (must be done on one graph leaf).
Discussion:
2. What type of growth was shown by each plant did the plant grow from the tip upward and
the base remain the same (acropetal) or did the plant grows from the base upwards and the tip
remains the same (basepetal).
3. Use the information in table and graph to discuss trends observe in shoot growth. Discuss
similiarities and/ or differences in shoot growth that was seen in the three sets of plants.
Conclusion:
29
GROWTH
Lab #:
Date:
Title: Germination
Aim: To draw the stages involved in the germination and development of red pea and corn
seeds.
Apparatus/Reagent/Materials: 3 red pea seeds, 3 corn seeds 2 plastic container, water, graph
paper, news paper or paper towel
Procedure:
1. Collect three (3) red peas and three (3) corn seeds.
6. Arrange three of each type of seeds in a cup between soaked paper and the side of the cup.
(be careful that seed dont fall into the water in bottom of cup)
7.Observe seeds and make drawing of observation over a seven (7) days period.
Observation:
TITLE:
Read pea
Corn
30
REPRODUCTION (FLOWER STRUCTURE)
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To identify the parts of the Poor Mans Orchid (Bohemia) vertical view
Apparatus/Materials:Bohemia flower, sharp knife / razor blade, hand lens piece of sturdy
cardboard.
Procedure:
**Remember to measure the length (in cm) of the flower and record your measurement at
the back of page. (this information will be needed to calculate the magnification)**
Observation:see drawing
31
STORAGE ORGANS
Lab #:
Date:
Aim: To draw and label the structures of plant storage organs and fuits onion, carrot, tomato
pea in pod. ginger, coco, and irish potato.
Apparatus/Materials: sharp knife / razor blade, pencil, ruler, onion, carrot, tomato, peas in
pod, ginger, coco and irish potato.
Procedure:
1. Collect the following storage organ: pencil, ruler, onion, carrot, tomato, peas in pod, ginger,
coco and irish potato.
2. Draw each storage organ and label the external structure of each.
3. Use a sharp knife and cut onion, carrot and tomato in half longitudinally.
5. Open peas in pod and draw and label the structures seen.
**Remember to measure the length (in cm) of each storage organ and record your
measurement at the back of page. (this information will be needed to calculate the
magnification)**
32
PLANNING AND DESIGN
Problem: some Caribbean housewives claim that meat soaked in green papaya is more tender
when cooked. Plan and design an experiment to investigate this.
Problem: A farmer noticed that when he put on ripe fruit amongst green fruits they ripe
quicker than green fruits left by themselves. Plan and design an experiment to investigate this.
Problem: To plan and design an experiment to investigate the effect of organic matter on soil
fertility.
Ethylene Gas:
Ethylene gas is the plant hormone that hastens fruit ripening. As fruit ripen, they
produce more and more ethylene gas. A covered bowl, box or bag traps ethylene gas
that is released from ripening fruit. Because ethylene gas promotes fruit ripening fruits
are usually picked green (reducing the chance of spoilage), transported in ventilated
crates ( to prevent ethylene gas built up) during shipping and then gassed with synthetic
ethylene at distribution centers to promote last- minute ripening.
Soil:
A soil may be regarded as fertile when all the condition- physical, chemical and biotic
are satisfied. These include mineral particles ( nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and
calcium), air spaces, water holding capacity organic matter (humus) types of soil ( acidic,
neutral, alkaline) The absence of any one of them acts as a limiting factor and after the
normal growth of plant the crop as a whole suffers students need also to be familiar
with.
34
DISEASES
Lab #:
Date:
Title: DISEASES
Lamm better yet what about getting some stats on mosquito related
diseases in Jamaica and doing a graph and analysis of data Find one
please.
Apparatus/Reagent/material: Lamm complete
Procedre
35
CONTINUITY AND VARIATION
Lab #:
Date:
Procedure:
1. Measure the heights (to the nearest cm) of the boys and all the girls the sample of
the grade 7 students. (The data may be collected at recess or lunch time). Students
should have at least 35 readings, but three times as many would be preferred.
2. Look at the range of heights in your sample and subdivide into intervals so that there
are ten to fifteen groups.
3. Arrange the data in tabular form as illustrated.
Observation:
36
Discussion:
Conclusion:
Variation
Variation refers to the difference that occurs in characteristics of organisms which belong to the
same species or the same population.
Continuous variation: is a variation where all the graduations between two extremes may be
found, eg. height in humans.
Discontinuous variation: is a variation where discrete types are found with no stages in
between, eg. tongue rolling and blood types.
37
SCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)
Lab#
Date:
Title:
Aim:
Apparatus/Reagent/Material:
Procedure
Observation
Discussion
Conclusion
Bunsen burner
Tripod stand with wire gauze
Binocular and monocular light microscope
38
Measuring cylinders (25-100cm3)
Beaker(50-500cm3)
Thermometer
Ruler
Stop watch/clock
Balance
Boiling tube
Test tubes and test tube holders
Hand lens
Syringe
39
MARK SCHEMES
40