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FORM TP 2017002 JANUARY 20I7

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I . This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL questions

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams.

5 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

6. rf you use the extra page(s) you MUsr write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1. (a) A group of students conducts an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction of

Enzyme X at different temperatures. The results of the experiment are shown in Table l.

TABLE 1: RATE OF REACTION OF ENZYME X AT DIFFERENT

TEMPERATURES

Temperature Rate of Reaction of Enzyme X

("c) (mg of product per min)

0 0

5 J

l5 9

25 l5
30 24

40 8

50 0

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 r (i) Plot the data in Table I on the grid below.
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(4 marks)

(ii) Use the graph plotted in (a) (i) to identify the optimum temperature for
Enzyme X.

(1 mark)

(iii) Account for the shape of the graph:

Between 5 "C and 30,C

(2 marks)

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(2 marks)

(iv) State ONE precaution that the students should take when carrying out this
experiment.

(1 mark)

(b) (i) Name TWO enzymes that break down protein

(2 marks)

(ii) Name TWO parts of the human alimentary canal where enzymes that break down
protein are found.

(2 marks)

(iii) Suggest TWO reasons why the different enzymes for breaking down proteins are
located in two different parts of the alimentary canal.

(2 marks)

(c) Leguminous plants such as peanuts are able to manufacture proteins with the help of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the nodules on their roots.

(i) Identify the type of relationship that exists between the peanut plant and the bacteria.

(1 mark)

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(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i) on page 6.

(3 marks)

(iii) Describe a suitable procedure for testing the presence of protein in peanuts.

(3 marks)

(iv) Suggest TWO reasons why plants need protein

(2 marks)

Total25 marks

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Z. (a) (i)
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State THREE differences between a plant cell and an animal cell
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(3 marks)

(ii) State TWO differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell.

(2 marks)

(b) State the function of EACH of the following:

(i) Cell wall

(1 mark)

(ii) Cellmembrane

(1 mark)
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 r (c) (i)
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Explain what happens to an animal cell when it is removed from the organism and
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placed into concentrated sucrose solution.

(2 marks)

(ii) Explain what happens to an animal cell when it is removed from the organism and
placed into distilled water.

(2 marks)

(iii) Describe how the results would be different from (c) (i) and (ii) for a plant cell in
concentrated sucrose solution and distilled water respectively.

Concentrated sucrose solution

(2 marks)

Distilled water

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Figure I shows components of blood

Figure 1. Components of blood

(i) Identifu the components of blood that are labelled A, B and C in Figure l.
A

C
(3 marks)

(ii) Name the component of the blood that is responsible for clotting.

(1 mark)

(b) Complete the flow diagram shown in Figure 2 by filling in the missing words at positions
D, E and F. (3 marks)

Figure 2. Diagram showing steps in blood clotting

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(c) Sometimes persons may inherit a condition called haemophilia in which the blood does
not clot normally. The allele for blood clotting is located on the X chromosome. A female
with normalblood clotting ability mates with a male with normal blood clotting ability to
produce offspring

(i) Complete the following genetics diagram to illustrate this information

Parents'phenotypes: Male x Female

Parents'genotypes: XHX h

Gametes: x (XH)(Xh)

Fertilization cross:

Ga-ete.9
xH xh
d

ma

(ii) State the probability of the couple having a haemophiliac child.

(l mark)

(iii) What is the likely sex of the haemophiliac child? Give ONE reason to support
your answer.

(3 marks)

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Suggest ONE reason why haemophiliacs may be more susceptible to infectious disease.
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(1 mark)

Total 15 marks

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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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SECTION B

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) Describe how oxygen in the atmosphere becomes available to human blood for delivery
to the cells, and explain how this process differs from the way plant cells obtain oxygen
for respiration.

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(9 marks)

(b) Suggest SIX reasons why humans who smoke heavily have less oxygen available to the
cells for respiration.

(6 marks)

Total 15 marks

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s. (a) (i) Blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs must first be pumped through the
heart before it is sent to all the other organs of the body. Describe the pathway
that blood takes as it flows into the heart from the lungs, until it is pumped out of
the heart to be sent to the rest ofthe body.

(4 marks)

(ii) Identify TWO physiological diseases that affect the circulatory system.

(2 marks)

(b) Chemotherapy is a treatment that destroys both the malignant (bad) cells and the good
cells in the body. Explain why a person undergoing chemotherapy would have decreased
natural immunity.

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(4 marks)

Peter, who has not had a tetanus vaccine, gets his foot punctured by a nail'
(c) He is given a
tetanus antiserum injection at the hospital. Suggest why he is given an antiserum
injection
instead of a vaccine.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

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6. (a)
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Describe how genetic engineering is used to produce human insulin using the bacterium
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E. coli.

(6 marks)

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Discuss THREE differences between genetic engineering and artificial selection

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used by farmers to produce improved varieties of crop plants.

(6 marks)

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Suggest THREE advantages of using genetic engineering to produce insulin

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(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECKYOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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