XXX School

Practice Paper for J2 Students

Higher 1 Paper 2 (Section B only)
Section B (40 marks)
Answer two questions from this section on separate answer paper.
5. Rose oxide, beta-Ionone, and beta-Damascone are organic compounds
responsible for the scent of roses. Their structures are shown below:

Rose Oxide beta-Ionone beta-Damascone

(a) (i) Explain three tests that would allow you to distinguish between the three [6]
compounds. You are to include the relevant equations for those compounds
that give a positive test.

Assume the [R-O-R] functional group in rose oxide is inert.

(ii) Define cis-trans isomers. Identify the compound that does not possess cis- [3]
trans isomers. Explain why.

(iii) Calculate the relative molecular masses for all three compounds and state [3]
which compound has the largest molar mass.

(b) Isoamyl acetate is another scented compound responsible for the flavour of
bananas. Its skeletal formula is shown below:

Isoamyl Acetate

(i) Isoamyl acetate can be formed by two compounds. State the two [3]
compounds, as well as the conditions and other reagents needed for this
reaction.

(ii) What type of reaction is this? [1]

(iii) Give the IUPAC name for isoamyl acetate. [1]

(iv) Compare the relative acidities of the acid used in the formation of isoamyl [3]
acetate and the primary alcohol with the same number of carbon atoms.
Explain your answer.
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6. Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5 exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly
above room temperature.

(a) (i) Information about dinitrogen pentoxide is given below: [1]

There are double bonds present in the molecule

Dative bonds are also present

Draw the dot-and-cross diagram of dinitrogen pentoxide.

(ii) How many different bond angles are present in dinitrogen pentoxide. State [4]
those bond angles and the shapes associated with it.

(iii) What are the conditions needed for dative bonding to take place? [2]

(b) A recommended laboratory synthesis of dinitrogen pentoxide involves reacting

nitric acid (HNO3) with phosphorus (V) oxide (P4O10). Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is
also formed.

(i) Given the above information, write down a chemical equation representing [1]
the above reaction.

(ii) State how the pH of P4O10 in water would compare to sodium oxide and [4]
aluminium oxide. Explain your reasons.

(iii) Use equations (if any), to illustrate whether and how the oxides in (b)(ii) [3]
would react separately with hydrochloric acid. State symbols are required.

(iv) P4O10 can be formed from the element phosphorus. [5]

Compare and explain the differences in:

Electrical conductivity
First ionisation energy
Melting point

between phosphorus and magnesium.

Write down equations illustrating the first ionisation energy of phosphorus

and magnesium.
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7. This question is about ionic equilibria and chemical equilibria.

(a) (i) Explain the differences between a strong acid and a weak acid, with the help [3]
of two equations illustrating real-life examples of these acids.

(ii) Define pH and find the pH of 0.510 moles of magnesium hydroxide that has [2]
been dissolved and made up to 3 dm3 in solution. Show your workings
clearly.

(iii) Explain the term acidic buffer and show, using blood as an example, how [4]
a solution can maintain its function as a buffer. Use equations to help you.

(b) COCl2 can be reacted in a reaction vessel to form carbon monoxide and chlorine.
All reactants and products are in the gaseous state.

(i) Write down an equation (including state symbols) representing this reaction. [1]

(ii) David used 52g of COCl2 in the beginning of this reaction. At equilibrium, he [5]
found out that there was only 2g of COCl2 left. Hence,

Construct the Kc of this equation

Find the value of equilibrium constant
State its units.

(iii) State Le Chateliers Principle [1]

(iv) A student claimed that increasing the temperature and pressure in two [4]
separate experiments would cause the position of equilibrium to shift to the
left.

How far does the Le Chateliers Principle help you to assess whether the
student has made a correct claim?