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Week 3: Managing Individual Databases

Unit 1: Monitoring
Monitoring
Individual database management Monitoring in the SAP HANA cockpit

Although SAP HANA databases can self-monitor and generate alerts, it is still critical that
database administrators regularly monitor the operation of SAP HANA databases

Constant monitoring allows:


Recognition and prevention of serious errors
Identification of periods with high resource consumption

The SAP HANA cockpit provides a range of dedicated apps


to monitor:
Overall database health
Workload performance
Status and resource usage of individual database services
Database performance across a range of key performance indicators related to memory, disk, and CPU
usage
And more!
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 2
Monitoring
Overview page
Links let you quickly jump
Directly access the SQL
to section of interest
Monitor KPIs at a glance console for this database
with the Overview page Monitor high-priority alerts
Tiles give a high-level from tenant databases
overview of the database
status, while drilling down
gives a detailed Color-coded icons visually
represent status of
breakdown of selected database
features Different categorizations of
database-specific alerts allows quick
Focus on areas that need
identification of areas in trouble
immediate attention, and
Graphical view of memory,
easily access key CPU, and disk usage
database management makes unusual behavior
and performance analysis easy to detect Performance analysis
and lifecycle management tiles clearly display any
threads, sessions, or
tasks SQL statements that
could be slowing down
performance
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 3
Monitoring
Monitoring and managing database services
View alerts associated
with this database
View overall
database status Stop system as a whole

Change columns
displayed in table
View CPU usage in
Performance Monitor
Individually stop
Drill down to see services
Memory Allocation
Analysis application

Drill down from Overall System Database Status See key information about systems such as status,
tile on Overview page start time, alerts, CPU and memory usage
Start missing services, kill service, remove service Customize columns to show used memory, effective
or (only for tenant databases) add a service allocation limit, allocated shared memory, virtual
memory on host, size of caches, and more!
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 4
Monitoring
Performance Monitor CPU usage Correlate alerts in
CPU usage with graph

See preview of historical CPU


usage on Overview page tile
Choose an interval of
Performance Monitor provides time to view on the Enable/disable
graph auto-refresh and
detailed information for analysis set refresh time
of current and past CPU usage
Import data sets to visually
analyze historical performance
data across a range of
performance indicators
Hover over a KPI line
to see exact value
and time

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 5


Monitoring
Performance Monitor Memory and disk usage

Add chart to see selected Switch between


KPIs separately on Performance Monitor
different chart and Workload Analyzer

Clicking the Memory Usage and Disk Usage tiles drills down
to the Performance Monitor
Graphs are automatically populated with relevant KPIs

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 6


Monitoring
Monitor Network

Measure network speed between different


SAP HANA nodes in a multi-host deployment
In a system replication scenario, measure
how fast data is being transferred from host Choose between packet
to host sizes of 0MB, 10MB,
100MB, and 1000MB
Allows for easier identification of issues due
to network performance
Check network speed
between every pair of
hosts

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 7


Monitoring
Other monitoring tools

Monitoring
Monitoring performance
Monitor table usage
Monitor expensive statements
Open SQL plan cache
Open blocked transactions
Monitor Network

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 8


Monitoring
System and statistics views

System views contain important information about the


database and can be examined to analyze the data
directly as part of more detailed monitoring and
performance analysis
SYS schema contains various information about the
current state of the database
_SYS_STATISTICS schema contains historical data
All views have public synonyms, so its not necessary
to specify the schema name when querying them
Use the SQL Console to query system views
SAP provides a compilation of useful SQL statements
to analyze complex problems in SAP Note 1969700
SQL Statement Collection for SAP HANA

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 9


Thank you.
Contact information:

open@sap.com
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components
of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated
companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are
set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this docume nt or any related presentation, or to develop or release
any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies st rategy and possible future developments, products,
and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The
information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements,
and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trade marks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company)
in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companie s.
See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.
Week 3: Managing Individual Databases
Unit 2: Security
Security
Individual database security in SAP HANA

User & Role Management Data Encryption


Create standard and restricted Protect your data with data
users; customize roles with a volume, log volume, and backup
variety of privileges encryption

DBA

Authentication Auditing
Authenticate users using Monitor and record selected
passwords and a diverse range Certificate Management actions performed in your
of SSO options Secure internal and external database
communication channels, user
authentication mechanisms

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 2


Security
User and role management
Control system
administrative privileges

Choose validity range,


ODBC/JDBC access, and
whether or not public role is
automatically assigned

Users can be authenticated


using passwords or SSO
options

Access and modify


database objects

Configure custom user properties


such as locale, execution priority,
user time zone, etc. Easily create new users, new roles, and assign roles
to users all through the SAP HANA cockpit interface
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 3
Security
Authentication

Customize the password policy and


blacklist to ensure that corporate
standards are met
Password policy parameters:
Customize the password length,
composition, and lifetime
Configure user lock settings
Blacklist words to prevent
vulnerabilities due to weak passwords
Case sensitivity
Partial or whole word

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 4


Security
Data storage security

Safeguard SAP HANA data saved to disk from


unauthorized access at the operating system View alerts associated with
level data encryption
Data at Rest Encryption protects data
volumes on disk
Log Volume Encryption protects log entries Manage master key or
before they are written to disk specific root keys
Backup Encryption protects against
unauthorized parties accessing content of
backups
Enabling encryption does not increase data
size

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 5


Security
Auditing

Directly enable/disable auditing


Record important system events from Overview page
with audit logging:
User management
System access/configuration
Data access
Auditing does not directly increase
system security, but well-designed
audit policies can help achieve
greater security
Choose audit level, trail target,
audited action status, and Choose actions, objects,
and users to be audited
individually enable/disable audit
policies

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 6


Security
Best practices

User and Role Management


Only use the SYSTEM user to set up the database and appropriate users
Deactivate the SYSTEM user afterwards to prevent misuse of its permissions

Data Storage Security


Change root keys used for data volume encryption and redo log encryption
Enable data volume and redo log encryption
Periodically change root keys in line with your security policy

Consult the security related links in the SAP HANA cockpit

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 7


Thank you.
Contact information:

open@sap.com
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components
of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated
companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are
set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this docume nt or any related presentation, or to develop or release
any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies st rategy and possible future developments, products,
and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The
information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements,
and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trade marks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company)
in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companie s.
See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.
Week 3: Managing Individual Databases
Unit 3: Alert Management
Alert Management
Alerts in the SAP HANA cockpit

The SAP HANA cockpit follows an alert-driven guided-procedure


approach
SAP HANA databases self-monitor their status and performance
Cockpit
Continually collect and evaluate information about status, notifies the
performance, and resource usage DBA through
email and
Perform regular checks on data in system tables and views
various
When a predefined threshold is reached or exceeded, an alert is interfaces
generated to alert administrators of a critical situation
Customizable alert thresholds map to different alert priorities
High, medium, low, and info level
Analyze occurrences of an alert over time to troubleshoot An alert is
DBA
addresses
recurring problems and identify patterns generated in
alert and
an SAP
investigates
Note: The statistics server for a database must be enabled to HANA
source of
database
generate alerts problem

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 2


Alert Management
Landscape page

Alert badge in Group


navigation bar allows quick
understanding of a
resource groups overall
health
Top Resources with Alerts
tiles gives a global view
of resources that need
attention immediately
Click the tile of a system to
access its Overview page
and investigate the source
4 2 of the alert

Only high priority alerts are


displayed on this tile

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 3


Alert Management
Overview page

Alerts are organized into 10 different


categories internally in SAP HANA
Cockpit follows this categorization by
displaying each classification in its own tile
on the Overview page
Only high and medium-priority alerts are
View proposed solution
displayed to quickly identify major issues
Clicking an alert tile drills down into filtered
view
Filtered by priority, category, and database
The Alert Details page shows when the alert
occurred, what category it is from, its priority,
its next scheduled run date/time, and the
interval that the alert checker runs at
See past occurrences of alert in the last
24 hours, last 7 days, and last 30 days

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 4


Alert Management
Accessing alerts from other applications

To enhance navigation, the Alert Details screen can be


accessed from multiple different applications, aside from
the main alert interface
While working with the cockpit,
you may run into issues with
services or databases
Clicking an alert link from any of Clicking any of these links
brings you to the alert
these tiles or apps will take you to a details of the relevant alerts
filtered drilldown of any relevant
alerts

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 5


Alert Management
Alert Checker Configuration
Change default
thresholds for alerts
There are over 100 different alerts that
can be triggered in the cockpit
Enable/disable scheduling for alerts Customize email
If enabled, will run automatically recipient of this
alert if it is triggered
If disabled, will only run when
manually initiated
See the last time the alert checker
was run, description of the alert, alert
checker ID, and category of alert
Set default email sender/recipient, or Manually run check
specify email recipients for individual to see if alert will
be triggered
alerts to separate responsibilities

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 6


Thank you.
Contact information:

open@sap.com
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components
of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated
companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are
set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this docume nt or any related presentation, or to develop or release
any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies st rategy and possible future developments, products,
and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The
information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements,
and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trade marks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company)
in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companie s.
See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.
Week 3: Managing Individual Databases
Unit 4: Backup and Recovery
Backup and Recovery
Backup and recovery in SAP HANA

SAP HANA holds the bulk of its data in memory for maximum performance,
but still uses persistent storage to provide a fallback in case of failure

During normal operation:


Data is automatically saved from memory to disk Time
at regular savepoints
All data changes are captured in redo log entries
Savepoint: After each COMMIT,
After a power failure, SAP HANA can be restarted Data is written log is written to disk
Power failure
and returned to its last consistent state by replaying to disk (data area) (log area)
the redo log entries since the last savepoint
While savepoints and redo log writing protect your data against power failures, this does
not help when the persistent storage itself is damaged or a logical error occurs
Backups save the data present in the persistence and are required:
To protect against disk failures
To make it possible to reset the database to an earlier point in time
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 2
Backup and Recovery
Types of backups in SAP HANA

Full data backup A full data backup contains all current data
All data Old data that is no longer valid but might still be physically
present in the data volumes is not part of the data backup

Incremental backup
Delta backups contain data that was changed since an
Changed data since
the last data backup earlier data backup
(full or delta) Two types: incremental and differential
Delta backups contain actual data, in contrast to log backups,
Differential backup
which contain redo log entries (= sequence of changes)
Changed data since
Delta backups can be used together with a snapshot for system
the last full data
recovery
backup

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 3


Backup and Recovery
Database backup in SAP HANA cockpit

Create complete,
differential, or
incremental backups

Choose start of schedule,


time of backup and
recurrence
Configure backup type, destination type, backup
name, backup destination, backint parameters
User can continue working normally while
Using the backup catalog, easily create manual backups are running
backups or create a schedule to routinely back up a
selected resource
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 4
Backup and Recovery
Database recovery in SAP HANA cockpit

Set the recovery target to restore data from: Choose between default
backup catalog location
Most recent state or an alternative location
A specific point in time
Choose between different options for delta backup usage, If you have multiple
backups, you can choose
backup availability checks, and initialization of log area which one to use
SAP HANA databases must be offline to be recovered
Recovery is always initiated from the system database
Recovery for databases through SAP HANA cockpit is only
supported for SAP HANA 2 databases

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 5


Backup and Recovery
Tip: backing up SAP HANA cockpit

It is highly recommended to back up SAP HANA cockpit prior to upgrades and after
registering a large amount of resources
Ensure important business information is not lost through regular backups

Backing up SAP HANA cockpit backs up the persistence and application server which
SAP HANA cockpit runs on
Recovering SAP HANA cockpit will restore the previous landscape configuration from
the selected backup
SAP HANA cockpit needs to be offline when recovering

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 6


Thank you.
Contact information:

open@sap.com
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components
of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated
companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are
set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this docume nt or any related presentation, or to develop or release
any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies st rategy and possible future developments, products,
and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The
information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements,
and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trade marks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company)
in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companie s.
See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.
Week 3: Managing Individual Databases
Unit 5: System Properties
System Properties
System properties in the SAP HANA cockpit

SAP HANA parameters are configuration options that can be used to influence the behavior
of SAP HANA in various ways
These parameters, which are contained in several configuration (*.ini) files, permit customization of the
system as a whole, individual tenant databases, hosts, and services
Configuration files are separated into sections. Sections bundle properties of the same category
Typical reasons for setting parameters are:
Individual security settings
Specific changes in behavior and operation of database services and components
Influencing system-wide resource consumption and workload execution
Properties can be configured at different levels or layers depending on the
configuration file. The following layers are available:
Default, host, system, database

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 2


System Properties
System property configuration

Configure system properties


Filter according to
for a selected database configuration, section,
Required database user host, and database
privileges: Search for a parameter

INIFILE ADMIN
Add a new section
DATABASE ADMIN to
change the system
property of a tenant
database from the system
database
Compare configurations
between systems using the
Edit/delete
Configuration Manager changed values
(Week 2 Unit 3) Add new or restore their
key/values to a default value
selected section

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 3


System Properties
Configuration Adding new sections and parameters

Select file to add


new section to

Choose between
host, system, and
database level

Add a single or
multiple new
key/value pairs

2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. PUBLIC 4


Thank you.
Contact information:

open@sap.com
2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components
of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP or its affiliated
companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are
set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this docume nt or any related presentation, or to develop or release
any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SEs or its affiliated companies st rategy and possible future developments, products,
and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The
information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-looking statements are subject to various
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements,
and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trade marks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company)
in Germany and other countries. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companie s.
See http://global.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.

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