2 Number System

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RMATSuccess Master 3
1 Number System
Introduction
In the decimal number system, numbers are expressed by means of symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, called
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digits. Here, 0 is called an insignificant digit whereas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are called significant digits. We can
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express a number in two ways :
Notation Representing a number in figures is known as notation as 350.
Numeration Representing a number in words is known as numeration as Five hundred and forty five.
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Indian System of Numeration
Ten Thousand Thousand Hundred
Ten Arb Arb Ten Crore Crore Ten Lac Lac Ten Place Unit Place
Place Place Place
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1010 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100
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Face Value and Place Value of a Digit

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Face Value It is the value of the digit itself eg, in 3452, face value of 4 is four, face value of 2 is two.
Place Value It is the face value of the digit multiplied by the place value at which it is situated eg, in
2586, place value of 5 is 5 10 2 = 500.
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Categories of Numbers
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Natural Numbers (N ) Numbers that are used Basic Rules on Natural Numbers
in counting are called natural numbers. 1. One digit numbers are from 1 to 9. There are 9 one digit
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If N is the set of natural numbers, then we write numbers. ie, 9 10 0 .

N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ......... } 2. Two digit numbers are from 10 to 99. There are 90 two digit
The smallest natural number is 1. numbers. ie, 9 10 1.
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Whole Numbers (W ) When zero is included in 3. Three digit numbers are from100 to 999. There are 900 three
the set of natural numbers, the numbers are known digit numbers ie, 9 10 2.
as whole numbers. In general the number of n digit numbers are 9 10 ( n 1).
If W is the set of whole numbers, then we write 4. Sum of the first n natural numbers ie,
n (n + 1)
W = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .......... } 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + K + n = .
2
The smallest whole number is 0.
5. Sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers ie,
Integers (I ) Integers are whole numbers, n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
12 + 2 2 + 32 + 42 + K + n 2 = .
negative of whole numbers including zero. 6
If I is the set of integers, then we write I = 6. Sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers ie,
2
{ ........... 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, .......... } n (n + 1)
13 + 23 + 33 + K + n3 =
Rational Numbers Numbers which can be 2
p
expressed in the form of , where p and q are both
q
integers and q 0 are called rational numbers.
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4 Mathematical Ability : Number System
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eg, , , 5, 2, ........... .
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There exists infinite number of rational numbers between any two rational numbers.
Irrational Numbers Non-recurring and non-terminating decimals are irrational numbers. These numbers
p
cannot be expressed in the form of .
q
eg, 3, 5, 29, ............ .
Real Numbers Real number includes both rational and irrational numbers.
Different Types of Numbers

Even Numbers Numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 Extra Punch !
are called even numbers. eg, 2, 4, 6, ..... . Sum of first n even l 2 is the only even prime number.
numbers = n ( n + 1) l 1 is not a prime number because it has two equal
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Odd Numbers Numbers which are not exactly divisible factors.
l Every prime number greater than 3 can be written in
by 2 are called odd numbers. eg, 1, 3, 5, ..... . Sum of first n odd
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numbers = n 2 the form of (6K + 1) or (6K 1) where K is an integer.
l There are 15 prime numbers between 1 and 50 and
Prime Numbers Prime numbers are divisible by one
10 prime numbers between 50 and 100.
and itself only. eg, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...... .
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Relative Prime Numbers Two numbers are said to be
relatively prime if they do not have any common factor other
than 1. eg, (3, 5), (4, 7), (11, 15), (15, 4), ......
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Twin Primes Two prime numbers which differ by 2 are

called twin primes.
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eg, (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), .... .

Composite Numbers Numbers which are not prime are called Note 1 is neither prime nor composite.
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composite numbers. eg, 4, 6, 9, 15, ...... .

Perfect Numbers A number is said to be a perfect number, if
the sum of all its factors excluding itself is equal to the number itself.
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eg, Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6.

Sum of factors excluding 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
6 is a perfect number.
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Other examples of perfect numbers are 28, 496, 8128 etc.
Tests for Divisibility

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Divisibility By 2 A number is divisible by 2 when the digit at ones place is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8. eg, 3582, 460,
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28, 352, .... .

Divisibility By 3 A number is divisible by 3 when sum of all digits of a number is a multiple of 3. eg,
453 = 4 + 5 + 3 = 12. 12 is divisible by 3 so, 453 is also divisible by 3.
Divisibility By 4 A number is divisible by 4, if the number formed with its last two digits is divisible by 4.
eg, If we take the number 45024, the last two digits form the number 24. Since, the number 24 is divisible
by 4, the number 45024 is also divisible by 4.
Divisibility By 5 A number is divisible by 5, if its last digit is 0 or 5. eg, 10, 25, 60, ..... .
Divisibility By 6 A number is divisible by 6, if it is divisible by both 2 and 3. eg, 48, 24, 108, ..... .
Divisibility By 7 A number is divisible by 7 when the difference between twice the digit at ones place and
the number formed by other digits is either zero or a multiple of 7.
eg, 658
65 2 8 = 65 16 = 49
As 49 is divisible by 7 the number 658 is also divisible by 7.
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Divisibility By 8 A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last 3 digits of the number is
divisible by 8. eg, If we take the number 57832, the last three digits form 832. Since, the number 832 is
divisible by 8, the number 57832 is also divisible by 8.
Divisibility By 9 A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of all the digits of a number is a multiple of 9. eg,
684 = 6 + 8 + 4 = 18. 18 is divisible by 9 so, 684 is also divisible by 9.
Divisibility By 10 A number is divisible by 10, if its last digit is 0. eg, 20, 180, 350, ............. .
Divisibility By 11 When the difference between the sum of its digits in odd places and in even places is
either 0 or a multiple of 11.
eg, 30426 Extra Punch !
3 + 4 + 6 = 13 l If p and q are coprimes and both are factors of a
number r, then their product p q will also be a

0+ 2 = 2
factor of r. eg, Factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12
13 2 = 11 and 24 prime factors of 24 are 2 and 3, which are
As the difference is a multiple of 11 the number 30426 is also coprime. Product of 2 3 = 6, 6 is also a factor
also divisible by 11. of 24.
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In a sum of division, we have four quantities. l If p divides q and r, then p also divides their
They are (i) Dividend (ii) Divisor (iii) Quotient and (iv) sum or difference. eg, 4 divides 12 and 20.
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Remainder. Sum of 12 and 20 is 32 which is divisible by 4.
These quantities are connected by a relation. Difference of 20 and 12 is 8 which is divisible by 4.
l If a number is divisible by another number, then it
(a) Dividend = Divisor Quotient + Remainder.
ing must be divisible by each of the factors of that
(b) Divisor = (Dividend Remainder) Quotient.
number. 48 is divisible by 12. Factors of 12 are 1, 2,
(c) Quotient = (Dividend Remainder) Divisor. 3, 4, 6, 12. So, 48 is divisible by 2, 3, 4 and 6 also.
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Illustration 1 In a sum of division the dividend is 258, the quotient is 17 and the
remainder is 3. Find the divisor.
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Solution. Divisor = (Dividend Remainder) Quotient = (258 3) 17 = 15

Hence, the divisor is 15.
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Illustration 2 In a sum of division, the quotient is 110, the remainder is 250, the
divisor is equal to the sum of the quotient and remainder. What is the dividend ?
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Solution. Divisor = (110 + 250) = 360

Dividend = (360 110) + 250 = 39865
Hence, the dividend is 39865.
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Illustration 3 Find the total number of numbers upto 600 which are divisible by 14.
Solution. Divide 600 by 13, the quotient obtained is 46. Thus, there are 46 numbers less than
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600 which are divisible by 14.

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Factors and Multiples

Factor
A number which exactly divides a given number is called a Extra Punch !
factor of the given number. l 1 is a factor of every number.
eg, 24 = 1 24, 2 12, 3 8, 4 6 l A number is a factor of itself.
l The smallest factor of a given number is 1 and the
Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 are factors of 24. greatest factor is the number itself.
Number of factors of a number If N is a composite l If a number is divided by any of its factors, the
number such that N = a m b n c o K where a, b, c, ... are prime remainder is always zero.
factors of N and m, n, o, ... are positive integers, then the l Every factor of a number is either less than or at the
number of factors of N is given by the expression most equal to the given number.
( m + 1) ( n + 1) ( o + 1) ........ . l Number of factors of a number are finite.
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Illustration 4 Find the number of factors that 224 has

Solution. 224 = 25 71
Hence, 224 has (5 + 1) (1 + 1) = 6 2 = 12 factors.
Multiple Extra Punch !

A multiple of a number is a number obtained by l Every number is a multiple of 1.
multiplying it by a natural number eg, Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, l The smallest multiple of a number is the number
15, 20, ....... itself.
Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, ..... l We cannot find the greatest multiple of a number.
l Number of multiples of a number are infinite.
LCM & HCF of Numbers

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
The lowest common multiple of two or more given numbers is the least of their common multiples.
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Multiples of 25 are 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, ....
Multiples of 30 are 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, ....
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Lowest common multiple is 150.
Highest Common Factor (HCF) ing

The highest common factor of two or more given numbers is the largest of their common factors.
Factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20.
Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36.
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Common factors are 1, 2 and 4.

Highest common factor is 4.
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LCM and HCF by Division Method

Illustration 5 Find the LCM and HCF of 12 and 52.
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Solution. To find LCM

2 12 52
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2 6 26
3 3 13
13 1 13
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1 1
Thus, LCM of 12 and 52 is 2 2 3 13 = 156
Thus, LCM of 12 and 52 is 2 2 3 13 = 156
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To find HCF
12)52(4
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48
4) 12 (3
12

So, 4 is the HCF of 12 and 52.
Illustration 6 Find the LCM and HCF of 15, 20 and 30.

Solution. LCM
5 15 20 30
2 3 4 6
3 3 2 3
2 1 2 1
1 1 1
LCM = 2 2 3 5 = 60.
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HCF Let us first find HCF of any two numbers (15 and 20).
15)20(1
15
5)15(3
15

So, 5 is the HCF of 15 and 20.
Now, we find HCF of 5 and 30.
5)30(6
30

Thus, HCF of 15, 20 and 30 is 5.
Illustration 7 Find the HCF of 321 and 428.

Solution. 321)428(1
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321
107)321(3
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321

HCF of 321 and 428 is 107.
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LCM of Numerators
To find LCM of fractions =
HCF of Denominators
HCF of Numerators
To find HCF of fractions =
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LCM of Denominators
3 4 9
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Illustration 8 Find the LCM and HCF of , , .

5 15 8
LCM of 3, 4, 9 36 36
Solution. LCM of fractions = =
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HCF of 5, 15, 8 1
HCF of 3, 4, 9 1
HCF of fractions = =
LCM of 5, 15, 8 120
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3 4 7
Illustration 9 Arrange the following in ascending order , , .
5 7 10
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Solution. LCM of 5, 7 and 10 = 70

3 3 14 42 4 4 10 40 7 7 7 49
= = ; = = ; = =
5 5 14 70 7 7 10 70 10 10 7 70
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4 3 7
Ascending order is , , .
7 5 10
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Extra Punch !
l The least number which is exactly divisible by a, b and c is the LCM of a, b, c.
l The greatest number that will divide a, b, c is the HCF of a, b, c.
l If x is a factor of a and b, then x is also a factor of a + b, a b and ab.
l HCF of given numbers must be a factor of their LCM.
l The product of the LCM and HCF of two numbers is equal to the product of the two numbers.
Illustration 10 LCM of two numbers is 56 times of their HCF. Sum of LCM and HCF is
456. If one of them is 56. Find the other.
Solution. Let the HCF be x; then LCM = 56x
x + 56x = 456 x=8 HCF = 8 and LCM = 448
8 448
Now, 8 448 = 56 other number So, other number = = 64
56
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Practice Exercises
A. Model Questions
1. Find the sum of the smallest four-digit number and the 15. A man is typing numbers 5 to 700 on his computer. How
largest five-digit number. many times does he press the key of his computer ?
(a) 199900 (b) 100999 (a) 988 (b) 1988 (c) 1888 (d) 1990
(c) 211000 (d) 211999 16. Find the smallest number to be added to the least three
2. A positive integer which when added to 999 gives a sum digit number so that it is exactly divisible by 45.
which is greater than when it is multiplied by 999. Which (a) 35 (b) 25 (c) 45 (d) 15
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of the following could be the value of the positive integer ? 17. What least number must be added to 15763 so that it is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2 exactly divisible by 18 ?
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3. What is the total number of prime numbers less than (a) 5 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 13
100 ? 18. What least number must be subtracted from 178669 so
(a) 25 (b) 21 (c) 29 (d) 27 that it is exactly divisible by 36 ?
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4. If 43p is divisible by 3, then what is the largest value p (a) 18 (b) 1 (c) 36 (d) 5
can take ? 19. How many numbers between 1000 and 3050 are
(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 0 divisible by 24 ?
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5. If the number 6pq 5 is divisible by both 3 and 5, which of (a) 86 (b) 82 (c) 78 (d) 92
the following digits can replace p and q? 20. Find the numbers of prime factors contained in the
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(a) 5,9 (b) 9,5 (c) 5,7 (d) 9,7 product of 2311 74 35 .
6. There are four prime numbers written in ascending (a) 25 (b) 17 (c) 30 (d) 20
order. The product of the first three is 1001 and that of 21. A number when divided by 225 gives a remainder of 32 .
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the last three is 2431. Find the first prime number. What will be the remainder when the same number is
(a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 3 (d) 5 divided by 15 ?
7. What is the remainder when 152 698 is divided by 5. (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1
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(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3 22. Two numbers when divided by a certain divisor give
8. What is the remainder when 75 3 is divided by 4 ? remainders 35 and 20 respectively and when their sum
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2 is divided by the same divisor, the remainders is 15.
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9. What is the remainder when 412 363 312 is divided by Find the divisor.
15 ? (a) 30 (b) 40 (c) 35 (d) 45
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 3 23. What is the smallest number by which 1250 be divided
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10. Find the largest four digit number exactly divisible by in order to make it a perfect square ?
55. (a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 2 (d) 4
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(a) 9900 (b) 9955 (c) 9945 (d) 9960 24. What is the smallest number by which 3000 be divided
11. What must be added to 581173 to make it exactly in order to make it a perfect cube ?
divisible by 11 ? (a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 6
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3 25. A certain number when successively divided by 5 and 7
leaves the remainders 3 and 4 respectively. What is the
12. An even number, total of whose digits is 27, is always
remainder, if the same number is divided by 35.
divisible by
(a) 21 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 29
(a) 18 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d) 6
26. What is the difference between the greatest and the
13. By what least number 250 must be multiplied to get a smallest five digit numbers formed using the digits 7, 0,
multiple of 15. 3, 4 and 2 without repeating the digits ?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (a) 65672 (b) 53978 (c) 54672 (d) 65978
(c) 2 (d) 15
27. A boy had to do a multiplication. Instead of taking 35 as
14. What is the sum of all numbers between 250 and 550, one of the multipliers, he took 53. As a result the product
which are divisible by 19. went up by 540. What is the new product?
(a) 6635 (b) 6640 (c) 6000 (d) 6695 (a) 1590 (b) 1450 (c) 1550 (d) 1420
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28. If both 52 and 73 are factors of the number p 43 72 42. The number of students in three sections of a medical
135 , then what is the least possible value of p ? college are 40, 45 and 60. Find the minimum number of
(a) 175 (b) 145 books required for the class library for equal
(c) 190 (d) 156 distribution in the three sections.
29. A worker earns ` 40 the first day and spends ` 25 on the (a) 340 (b) 360
second day. He earns ` 40 on the third day and spends (c) 320 (d) 380
` 25 on the fourth day and so on. On which day would he 43. Three boys steps off together from the same spot. Their
have ` 100. steps measures 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm respectively.
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 11 What is the minimum distance each should cover so that
30. The sum of two numbers is 85 and their difference is 9. all can cover the distance in complete steps ?
What is the difference of their squares ? (a) 860 cm (b) 840 cm (c) 820 cm (d) 875 cm
(a) 765 (b) 845 (c) 565 (d) 645 44. Find the unit digit in the expansion of 4223 .
31. Find the least number, which is exactly divisible by 20, (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 2
36 and 128. 45. Find the unit digit in the expansion of 32545 is
(a) 5766 (b) 5760 (c) 5780 (d) 5790 (a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 2
32. Find the greatest four digit number which when divided 46. Find the unit digit in the expansion of 31448.
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by 8, 9 and 11 gives a remainder 7 in each case. (a) 6 (b)4 (c) 8 (d) 2
(a) 9504 (b) 9541 (c) 9511 (d) 9527
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47. A worker was engaged for a certain number of days and
33. Find the least four digit number which when divided by was promised to be paid ` 1755. He remained absent for
5, 6 and 7 gives a remainder 3 in each case. some days and was paid ` 1365 only. What were his daily
(a) 1053 (b) 1063 (c) 1073 (d) 1083 wages ?
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34. A shepherd has 324 sheeps, 396 goats and 428 cows. He (a) ` 182 (b) ` 195 (c) ` 185 (d) ` 192
wants to arrange them into groups of equal size without 48. A heap of stones can be made up into groups of 7. When
mixing. Find the least number of groups required to made up into groups of 16, 18, 20 and 25 there are
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arrange them. 4 stones left in each case.How many stones at least can
(a) 285 (b) 287 (c) 284 (d) 289 there be in the heap ?
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35. The LCM of 69, 115 and a third number is 2760. Their (a) 18000 (b) 18004 (c) 18002 (d) 18006
HCF is 23. Find the third number. 49. If 2/7 of a number increased by 25 gives 45. Find the
(a) 170 (b) 186 (c) 172 (d) 184 number
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36. A number 475 is divided into two parts in such a way (a) 81 (b) 63 (c) 72 (d) 70
that the LCM and HCF of the two parts is 2250 and 25 50. Out of four consecutive prime numbers, the product of
respectively. Find the two numbers. first three is 385 and the product of the last three is
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(a) 250, 225 (b) 200, 275 (c) 175, 300 (d) 240, 235 1001. Find the last number.
37. The LCM of two numbers 45 times their HCF one (a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 17
number is 250 and the sum of their HCF and LCM is 51. Three numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 6. Sum of the
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2300. Find the other number. greatest and the smallest is equal to the sum of the
(a) 400 (b) 450
middle and 16. Find the smallest number.
(c) 460 (d) 420
(a) 12 (b) 20
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38. The sum of the first 100 numbers, 1 to 100 is always (c) 24 (d) 16
divisible by
52. Sum of squares of two numbers is 60 and difference of
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(a) 2 (b) 2 and 4

the squares is 12. Find the sum of two numbers.
(c) 2, 4 and 8 (d) None of these
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) 8
39. Find the HCF of 36a 2b3 c2,18a3 b2c4 and 12ab4c3 .
53. The product of two consecutive numbers is 600. Then,
(a) 6ab2c2 (b) 12a 2bc (c) 6a 2bc2 (d) 12ab2c2
the sum of their squares is
40. The length, breadth and height of a room are 6 m 30 cm, (a) 1203 (b) 1206
5 m 85 cm and 3 m 60 cm respectively. What will be the (c) 1201 (d) 1204
greatest length of a tape which can measure the 54. Thrice a number diminished by 2 is 19. Find the
dimensions of room exact number of times ? number.
(a) 45 cm (b) 50 cm (a) 5 (b) 7
(c) 60 cm (d) 40 cm (c) 4 (d) 6
41. The traffic lights at three different road crossings 55. A sum of ` 640 is distributed among three persons P, Q
change after every 50 s, 75 s and 100 s respectively.If and R. Q gets ` 70 more than P. R gets `. 80 more than
they start changing simultaneously at 10 am, after how Q. Find the share of Q.
much time will they change again simultaneously ? (a) ` 210 (b) ` 215
(a) 6 min (b) 5 min (c) 3 min (d) 8 min (c) ` 200 (d) ` 220
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56. If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 2 and the 71. The product of 2 numbers is 3024 and their LCM is 36.
2 Find their HCF.
denominator is decreased by 1, then it becomes . If the
3 (a) 88 (b) 82 (c) 84 (d) 86
numerator is increased by 1 and the denominator is 72. LCM of two numbers is 12 times of their HCF. Sum of
1
increased by 2, then it becomes . Find the fraction. LCM and HCF is 195. If one of them is 60. Find the
3 other.
2 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 48 (b) 45 (c) 52 (d) 36
9 7 6 5
73. The sum of two numbers is 135 and their HCF is 9. How
57. A and B had some candies each. If A gave 5 candies to B, many such pairs of numbers can be formed ?
then B will have twice as many as A. Instead of that, if B (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 4
were to give 5 candies to A, then they will both have the
same number of candies. How many did A have ? 74. HCF of two numbers is 12 and their product is 3600.
(a) 28 (b) 21 (c) 26 (d) 25 How many such pairs of numbers can be formed ?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
58. There were 240 multiple choice questions in an entrance
examination of a medical college. A candidate was given 75. The LCM of two numbers is 36 times that of their HCF.
1 The product of numbers is 3600. Find their HCF.
2 marks for every correct answer and penalised mark (a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 8 (d) 20
2
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for every wrong answer. The candidate scored 160 76. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5. Their, LCM is 600.
marks in the paper having answered all the questions. Find the sum of the numbers.
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Find the number of correct answers given by the (a) 320 (b) 160 (c) 340 (d) 280
candidate. 77. Find the least number which is exactly divisible by
(a) 108 (b) 112 (c) 116 (d) 104 12, 15, 20 and 27.
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59. 126 is divided into two parts such that 8 times the first (a) 650 (b) 520 (c) 600 (d) 540
part added to 5 times the second part is 810. Find the 78. Find the least number which when increased by 3 is
first part. exactly by 10, 12, 14 and 16.
(a) 60 (b) 66 (c) 70 (d) 56
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(a) 1680 (b) 1677 (c) 1697 (d) 1670

60. A worker was engaged for a certain number of days and 79. Find the smallest number which when decreased by 4 is
was promised to be paid ` 480. He was absent for exactly divisible by 9, 12, 15 and 18.
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six days and was paid ` 432 only. What was his daily (a) 188 (b) 182 (c) 186 (d) 184
wages ?
(a) 432 (b) 60 (c) 65 (d) 70 80. Find the least number which when divided by 12, 15, 20
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and 24 leaves the same remainder 2 in each case.

61. Find the LCM of 8, 10, 24. (a) 122 (b) 120 (c) 124 (d) 126
(a) 100 (b) 120 (c) 240 (d) 48
81. Find the least number of girls so that they can be
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62. Find the LCM of 3, 9, 12, 15, 6 arranged in the groups of 15 or 20 or 30.
(a) 240 (b) 90 (c) 180 (d) 120 (a) 60 (b) 90 (c) 45 (d) 80
63. Find the LCM of 23 34 52, 22 33 7, 52 72 82. Find the least perfect square number which is exactly
(a) 23 34 52 72 (b) 23 52 72
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divisible by 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8.
(c) 3 5 7
4 2 2
(d) 23 72 5 (a) 3600 (b) 3900 (c) 3500 (d) 3200
4 8 3 83. Find the greatest number less than 800, which is
64. Find the LCM of , ,
3 9 5
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divisible by 8, 12, 28.

(a) 20 (b) 24 (c) 1/24 (d) 1/20 (a) 624 (b) 672 (c) 636 (d) 684
65. Find the HCF of 40 and 64. 84. Find the least number which when divided by 12, 15 and
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(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 10 20 leaves remainders 4, 7 and 12 respectively.

66. Find the HCF of 120, 150, 180. (a) 48 (b) 60 (c) 52 (d) 64
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 50 (d) 10 85. Find the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and
67. Find the HCF of 2378 and 3280. 8 leaves a remainder 3 but when divided by 9 leaves no
remainder.
(a) 86 (b) 84 (c) 80 (d) 82
(a) 1683 (b) 1725
68. Find the HCF of 22 33 52,23 32 5, 52 7 (c) 1685 (d) 1723
(a) 22 32 5 7 (b) 23 33 5
86. Find the least number which when divided by 15, 20 and
(c) 2 3 7
3 2
(d) 32 52 7 24 leaves 4 as remainder but when divided by 13 leaves
2 12 1 no remainder.
69. Find the HCF of , ,
5 11 3 (a) 364 (b) 370 (c) 484 (d) 244
1 5 2 12 87. Five bells begin to toll together and toll at intervals of
(a) (b) (c) (d)
165 165 165 165 24, 40, 64, 72 and 120 s. After what interval of time will
70. Find the LCM and HCF of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 they toll again together ?
(a) 7.5, 0.05 (b) 0.75, 0.5 (c) 0.75, 0.05 (d) 7.5, 0.5 (a) 42 min (b) 36 min (c) 48 min (d) 54 min
8
88. Four wheels moving 12, 25, 20 and 30 revolutions in a 93. Find the greatest number which will divide 321,428 and
minute starting at a certain point on the circumference 535 exactly.
downwards. After what interval of time will they come (a) 105 (b) 107 (c) 109 (d) 102
together again in the same position ? 94. Find the greatest possible length which can be used to
(a) 30 s (b) 20 s measure 4 m 3 cm, 4 m 34 cm and 4 m 65 cm exactly.
(c) 15 s (d) 45 s (a) 31 cm (b) 29 cm (c) 28 cm (d) 32 cm
89. Three athletes start together to travel the same way 95. Find the least number of square tiles required to pave the
around on a circular path of 12 km with speeds of floor of a room of 4 m 50 cm long and 5 m 25 cm broad.
3 km/ph, 4 km/ph and 6 km/ph respectively. They meet (a) 40 (b) 42 (c) 36 (d) 38
at the same point again after what time ? 96. Find the greatest number which will divide 676, 481 and
(a) 12 h (b) 8 h 767 exactly.
(c) 16 h (d) 10 h (a) 11 (b) 13 (c) 17 (d) 19
90. The traffic lights at three different road crossings 97. Find the greatest number which divides 48, 63 and 78
change after every 48,72 and 108 s respectively .If they leaving 3 as the remainder in each case.
change simultaneously at 9 am,at what time will they (a) 11 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 15
change again simultaneously ? 98. Find the greatest number which divides 121, 134 and
m
(a) 10 min 10 s (b) 7 min 12 s 147 leaving 4 as the remainder in each case.
(c) 7 min 10 s (d) 12 min 10 s (a) 11 (b) 19 (c) 15 (d) 13
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91. Find the smallest 4 digit number that is exactly divisible 99. Find the greatest number that will divide 1196, 209 and
by 8,10 and 12. 1449 to leave remainders 6,5 and 4 respectively.
(a) 1080 (b) 1100 (c) 1050 (d) 1120 (a) 15
ing (b) 17 (c) 21 (d) 14
92. Find the greatest five digit number exactly divisible by 100. Find the greatest number that will divide 228, 275 and
6, 8, and 12. 321 to leave remainder 3, 5, and 6 respectively.
(a) 99924 (b) 99988 (c) 99984 (d) 99972 (a) 45 (b) 36 (c) 42 (d) 39
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B. MBA Entrances Gallery

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1. The number of boys in a class is three times the number 7. Which of the following cannot be a digit in the units
of girls. Which one of the following numbers cannot place of a perfect square ? [IP 2008]
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represent the total number of children in the class ? (a) 7 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 0
(a) 48 (b) 44 [MAT Feb 2010] 8. The smallest number, which when added to the sum of
(c) 42 (d) 40 square of 9 to 10 gives a perfect square is [IP 2008]
kM
2. If 8 + 12 = 2, 7 + 14 = 3, then 10 + 18 = ? [IP 2009] (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 15

(a) 10 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 18 9. (9992 9982) is equal to [IP 2008]
3. Which among the following is the least number which (a) 1 (b) 999
pic
when divided by 10 leaves a remainder of 9, when (c) 1997 (d) 998

divided by 9 leaves a remainder of 8, when divided by 8 10. A number when divided by 119 leaves the remainder 19.
leaves a remainder of 7, when divided by 7 leaves a If the same number is divided by 17, the remainder will
w.
remainder of 6, when divided by 6 leaves a remainder of be [IP 2008]

5, when divided by 5 leaves a remainder of 4, when (a) 19 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 2
divided by 4 leaves a remainder of 3, when divided by 3
ww
11. The LCM of two numbers is 63 and their HCF is 9. If one

leaves a remainder of 2, when divided by 2 leaves a
of the numbers is 27, the other number will be [IP 2008]
remainder of 1 ? [IP 2009]
(a) 9 (b) 21 (c) 17 (d) 189
(a) 7559 (b) 839
(c) 5039 (d) None of these 12. If n is any positive integer, then 34n 43 n is always
divisible by [IP 2008]
4. What is the smallest number which when increased by 5
is completely divisible by 8, 11 and 24 ? [IP 2009] (a) 7 (b) 17 (c) 112 (d) 145
(a) 264 (b) 259 13. The number zero (0) is surrounded by the same 2 digit
(c) 269 (d) None of these number on both (left and right) sides: for example
5. What will be the value of the remainder when, 25025, 67067 etc. The largest number that always
1693 797 3395 is divided by 17 ? [IP 2009] divides such a number is [IP 2008]
(a) 16 (b) 5 (a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 1001
(c) 15 (d) 1 14. A number when divided by 45 leaves the remainder 30.
6. 25 times a number is 775. The number is [IP 2008] If the number is divided by 5, the remainder must be
(a) 31 (b) 30 (a) 3 (b) 2 [IP 2008]
(c) 32 (d) None of these (c) 1 (d) 0
9
15. A boy was asked to write 25 92, but he wrote 2592. The a3 + b3 + c3
24. If a + b + c = 0, find the value of .
numerical difference between the values of 25 92 and abc
2592 is [IP 2008] (a) 3 (b) 0 [MPMET 2008]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) 2 (d) 3
25. If a and b are distinct primes, the LCM of a x and by were
16. The HCF of 168, 189 and 231 reduced by 8, gives x and y are positive integers is [MPMET 2007]
(a) 13 (b) 14 [IP 2008] (a) (ab) LCM of x and y (b) (ab)xy
(c) 17 (d) 21 (c) a x / by HCF of (x, y) (d) a x by
17. Which of the following fractions is less than 7 8 and 26. How many numbers lying between 3000 and 4000 can be
greater than 1 3 ? [RMAT 2008] formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ? The digits are
(a) 1 4 (b) 23 24 not repeated in any one number. [MPMET 2007]
(c) 11 12 (d) 17 24 (a) 40 (b) 104
18. Ashok had to do a multiplication. Instead of taking 35 as (c) 60 (d) 82
one of the multipliers, he took 53. As a result, the 27. The LCM of two numbers is 280 and the ratio of the
product went up by 540. What is the new product ? numbers of 7 : 8. Find the numbers. [MPMET 2006]
(a) 1050 (b) 1590 [RMAT 2008] (a) 70 and 80 (b) 42 and 48
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(c) 1440 (d) None of these (c) 35 and 40 (d) 28 and 32
19. If a, b, c are real numbers such that a b + c < 1,
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28. When a number is divided by 7, the remainder is 4.
a + b + c > 1 and 9a + 3b + c < 4. What is the sign of a ? When the same number is divided by 6, the remainder
(a) + only (b) only [MPMET 2008] is 3. What is the number ? [OJEE 2009]
(c) + or (d) cannot say (a) 39 (c) 49
ing
20. Which of the following is a multiple of 88 ? (b) 37 (d) 52
(a) 1392578 (b) 138204 [MPMET 2008] 29. What is the least number to which when 5 is added, the
(c) 1436280 (d) 143616 sum is divisible by 12, 15 and 18 respectively ?
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21. How many of the natural numbers from 1 to 1000 have (a) 165 (b) 175 [OJEE 2008]
none of their digits repeated ? [MPMET 2008] (c) 185 (d) 195
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(a) 589 (b) 585 30. The largest four digit number which is a multiple of
(c) 738 (d) 739 8, 10, 12 and 15 is [OJEE 2008]
22. PQ RS D AB [MPMET 2008] (a) 0120 (b) 9600
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In the multiplication problem shown above, if each of (c) 9840 (d) 9960
these letters represents a single digit number from 1 to 31. Which of the following pairs is equal in value, given that
9, both inclusive and . denotes decimal point, then the a is a real number ? [OJEE 2008]
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product of the two numbers must be (a) 812 a and 243a 10 (b) 125a 12 and 15625a 16
(a) between 10 and 1000 (b) between 1 to 1000 (c) 4a 4 and 8a 6 (d) 494a 3 and 3433 a 4
(c) at most 100 (d) greater than 100 32. What is the number which when successively divided by
pic
23. Find the values of x and y, if the number 5372 xy is 4, 5 and 6 leaves respective remainders of 3, 4 and 5 with
divisible by 45. [MPMET 2008] last quotient as 2 ? [OJEE 2008]
(a) {(1, 5);(5, 5)} (b) {(1, 0);(5, 5)} (a) 247 (b) 231
w.
(c) {(5, 5):(0, 5)} (d) {(3, 0);(5, 0)} (c) 351 (d) 359
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10
Answers with Solutions

A. Model Questions
1. (b) The smallest four-digit number = 1000 Sum of digits at even places (from left side)
The largest five-digit number = 99999 = 8 + 1 + 3 = 12
Required sum = 100999 Whatever we add to the given number will increase the
2. (c) Let the positive integer = x sum of digits which includes the units digit ie, to 12. If
we add 1 to given number difference between the sum of
Then, 999 + x > 999x
digits becomes 13 13 = 0
By Trial and error when x = 1
1 is to be added to the given number.
1000 > 999
12. (a) An even number is always divisible by 2.
So, the required positive integer is 1. Further any number sum of whose digits is 27 ie;
3. (a) The prime numbers less than 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, (2 + 7 = 9) is always divisible by 9.
17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, The number is divisible by both 2 and 9.
89, 97. These add upto 25.
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The number is divisble by 2 9 = 18.
4. (a) A number is divisible by 3 when sum of the digits is
divisible by 3.
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4+3+ P = 7+ P 13. (d) 15 = 3 5
So, P can be 2, 5, 8. So the largest value is 8. Any multiple of 15 must be divisible by 3 and 5.
250 = 2 5 5 5.
5. (d) If p is 9 and q is 7. The number is 6975. 6975 is
ing
divisible by both 3 and 5. 250 is divisible by 5, but not by 3.
6. (a) Let the four prime numbers be a, b, c, d. So, 250 must be multiplied by 3 to make it a multiple of
abc = 1001 and bcd = 2431 15.
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abc 1001
= =
7 14. (c) Since, 250 = 13 19 + 3
bcd 2431 17 Terms divisible by 19 upto 250 = 13.
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a 7 And 550 = 28 19 + 18
= a = 7
d 17 Term divisible by 19 upto 550 = 28.
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7. (a) The remainder when 152 is divided by 5 = 2 Total terms divisible by 19 between 250 and
The remainder when 698 is divided by 5 = 3 550 = 28 13 = 15.
Their product = 2 3 = 6
Midterm (Average) between 250 to 550 = 400.
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The remainder when 6 is divided by 5 = 1.

Sum of 15 terms = 400 15 = 6000
8. (c) The remainder when 75 is divided by 4 is 3.
15. (b) One digit numbers from 5 to 9 = 5
The remainder when 3 3 3 is divided by 4 is 3.
Two digit numbers from 10 to 99 = 90
pic
So, the required remainder is 3.

Three digit numbers from 100 to 700 = 601
9. (b) 41, 36 and 31 when divided by 15, leave remainders Total number of digits that are to be used
11, 6 and 1 respectively.
= (5 1) + (90 2) + (601 3)
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412 363 312 when divided by 15, leaves remainder

= 5 + 180 + 1803 = 1988
112 63 12 = 26136.
16. (a) The least three digit numbers = 100
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As remainder cannot exceed the divisor.

Remainder is 6 ie, remainder obtained on dividing 45)100(2
26136 by 15. 90
10. (b) The largest four digit number = 9999. 10
55)9999(181 So, the smallest number to be added
55 = 45 10 = 35.
449 17. (a)18)15763(875
440 144
99 136
55 126
44 103
The required number = 9999 44 = 9955. 90
11. (a) Sum of digits at add places (from left side) 13
= 5 + 1 + 7 = 13 The least number that should be added = (18 13) = 5.
11
18. (b) 36)178669(4963 should include 52. , 73 is a factor of the given number. The
144 number has 72. Hence, P should include 71 to make it 73 .
346 P should be atleast 52 7
324 = 175 to have 52 and 73 as its factors.
226 29. (b) His savings for every 2 days = ` 40 ` 25 = ` 15
216 His savings in 8 days = ` 60
109 On the 9th day he earns ` 40.
108 On the 9th day he has ` 60 + ` 40 = `100.
1
30. (a) Let the two numbers be x and y.
The least number that should be subtracted = 1.
x + y = 85
19. (a) Quotient when 1000 and 3050 are divided by 24 are
x y =9
= 41 and 127.
Solving x = 47 and y = 38.
Between 1000 and 3050 there are
The difference of their squares is 472 382 = 765.
127 41 = 86 numbers.
31. (b) Required number = LCM of 20, 36, 128 = 5760.
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20. (d) Number of prime factors = 11 + 4 + 5 = 20.
32. (c) The LCM of 8, 9 and 11 = 792.
21. (b) Let the number be N. N = 225Q + 32 where Q the
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quotient can have the values 1, 2, 3, etc. The greatest four-digit number = 9999.
N = 15 15Q + (15 2) + 2 792)9999(122
Divide N by 15, we see that the remainder is 2. 792
ing
22. (b) In such questions the divisor is r1 + r2 r3 . 2079
Divisor = 35 + 20 15 = 40 1584
495
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23. (c) 1250 = 5 5 5 5 2

The greatest four-digit number divisible by 792 is
So, when 1250 is divided by 2, we get a perfect square.
9999 495 = 9504.
24. (c) 3000 = 2 2 2 5 5 5 3
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Now, the greatest four-digit number divisible by 792 and

So, when 3000 is divided by 3, we get a perfect cube. leaving a remainder 7 is 9504 + 7 = 9511.
25. (b)
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5 N 33. (a) The LCM of 5, 6 and 7 = 210.

7 X 3 The least four- digit number = 1000.
Y 4 210)1000(4
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X = 7Y + 4 840
N = 5 (7Y + 4) + 3 160
= 35Y + 23 The least four-digit number divisible by 210 is
pic
If Y = 1, N = 58 1000 + (210 160) = 1050.

When 58 is divided by 35 the remainder is 23. Now, the least four-digit number divisible by 210 and
leaving a remainder 3 is 1050 + 3 = 1053.
w.
26. (b) The greatest five-digit number that can be formed

using the given digits = 74320 34. (b) HCF of (324, 396, 428) = 4
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The smallest five-digit number that can be formed using So, the number of groups required
the given digits = 20342. 324 396 428
= + +
The required difference = 74320 20342 4 4 4
= 53978 = 81 + 99 + 107
27. (a) Let the number that the boy wanted to multiply be x. = 287
He was expected to find the value of 35 x. Instead, he 35. (d) Let the third number be 23x
found the value of 53x. LCM of 69, 115 and 23x is
The difference between the value that he got and what 23 69, 115, 23x
he was expected to get is 540. 3, 5, x
ie, 53x 35x = 450 LCM = 23 3 5 x = 345x
x = 30
Now, 345x = 2760
The new product = 30 53 = 1590.
x=8
28. (a) If 52 is a factor of the given number. The number does
The third number = 23x = 23 8 = 184.
not have a power or multiple of 11 as its factor. Hence, P
12
36. (a) Let the two numbers be 25x and 25 y. 45. (b) The unit digit in 32545 is the same as that of 545 .
25x + 25 y = 475 Now, 51 = 5, 52 = 25, 53 = 125, 54 = 625, ........
x + y = 19 ...(i) We see that the unit digit is always 5.
Also, the LCM of 25x and 25 y = 25xy. The unit digit in 32545 is 5.
25xy = 2250 46. (a) The unit digits in the expansion of 31448 is the same
xy = 90 ...(ii) as that of 448.
(x y)2 = (x + y)2 4xy Now, 41 = 4, 42 = 16 , 43 = 64,44 = 256.
192 = (x + y)2 4 (90) We see that the unit digit in 41 is the same as that in 43 .
Solving x y=1 (iii) So, the unit digit is 448 is the same as is 448 = 6.
Using Eqs. (i) and (iii) 47. (b) The daily wages of the worker is the HCF of 1755 and
1365.
x = 10
HCF of 1755 and 1365 is 195.
and y = 9.
The daily wages of the worker is Rs 195.
The two numbers are 250 and 225.
48. (b) LCM of 16, 18, 20 and 25 = 3600.
37. (b) Let the HCF of the two numbers be x.
1st number = 3600 1 + 4 = 3604 which is not divisible
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So, the LCM = 45x
by 7.
Now, x + 45x = 2300
2nd number = 3600 2 + 4 = 7204 which is not divisible
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x = 50 by 7.
HCF = 50, LCM = 45x = 45 50 = 2250.
3rd number = 3600 3 + 4 = 10804 which is not divisible
Product of the two numbers = Product of the LCM and
ing
by 7.
HCF of the two numbers.
4th number = 3600 4 + 4 = 14404 which is not divisible
Let the other number be N. by 7.
N 250 = 50 2250 5th number = 3600 5 + 4 = 18004 which is divisible
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N = 450. by 7.
38. (a) The sum of the first n natural numbers There can be 18004 stones.
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n (n + 1) 49. (d) Let the number be x.

=
2 2
x + 25 = 45. On solving x = 70
= The sum of the first 100 natural numbers.
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7
100 101
= = 50(101) 50. (c) Let the four numbers be p, q, r and s.
2
pqr = 385, qrs = 1001
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As 101 is an odd number and 50 is divisible by 2. So, the qrs 1001

sum is always divisible by 2. =
pqr 385
39. (a) HCF of 36, 18 and 12 is 6. 13
=
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The common factors are a, b, c and their highest powers 4

common to all are 1, 2, 2 respectively s 13
=
Required HCF = 6ab2c2 p 5
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40. (a) Greatest length of tape = HCF of 630, 585 and 360 So, p = 5 and s = 13.
= 45 cm The required number is 13.
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41. (b) LCM of 50, 75 and 100 = 300 s. 51. (a) Let the numbers be 3x, 5x and 6x.
Traffic lights will change simultaneously after 300 s. Now, 3x + 6x = 5x + 16
= 5 min. x=4
42. (b) LCM of 40, 45 and 60 = 360. So, the smallest number is 3x = 12.
360 is the minimum number of books required for 52. (b) Let the number be x and y.
equal distribution in each section.
x2 + y2 = 60, x2 y2 = 12
43. (b) LCM of 30, 35 and 40 = 840 cm. 840 cm is the
Adding 2x2 = 72
minimum distance they should cover in complete steps.
x = 6 and y = 4
44. (b) The unit digit comes from the unit place. So, we have
to find the unit digit is the expansion of 223. Required sum is 10.
Now, 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, 53. (c) Let the two numbers be x and x + 1
25 = 32, 26 = 64 ........ x (x + 1) = 600
We see that the unit digit is 21 is the same as 25 . On solving x = 24, so the numbers are 24 and 25.
The unit digit in 223 is the same as 23 = 8. The sum of their squares is = 242 + 252 = 1201
13
54. (b) Let the number be x. 62. (c) 2 3, 9, 12, 15, 6

3x 2 = 19 2 3, 9, 6, 15, 3
On solving x = 17 3 3, 9, 3, 15, 3
The required number is 7. 3 1, 3, 1, 5, 1
55. (a) P + Q + R = 640 ...(i) 5 1, 1, 1, 5, 1
Q = 70 + P ...(ii) 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
R = 80 + (70 + P ) ...(iii)
LCM = 2 2 3 3 5 = 180
On solving, we get Q = Rs 210.
63. (a) LCM of given numbers = 23 34 52 72
x
56. (b) Let the fraction be (Take the greatest power of each term)
y
x+2 2 LCM of numerators
= ...(i) 64. (b) LCM of fraction =
y 1 3 HCF of denomenators
LCM of 4, 8, 3 24
x+1 1 = = = 24
= ...(ii) HCF of 3, 9, 5 1
y+2 3
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x 2 65. (b) 40)64(1
On solving, we get = .
40
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y 7
24)40(1
57. (d) Let A have a candies and B have b candies
24
Then, b + 5 = 2 (a 5) ...(i)
ing 16)24(1
b 5 = a + 5 ...(ii)
16
On solving, we get a = 25.
8)16(2
58. (b) Let the number of wrong answers marked = w
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16
Let the number of right answers marked = r
0
r + w = 240 ...(i)
HCF = 8
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w
2r = 160 ...(ii) 66. (a) Step 1 120)150(1
2
On solving, we get r = 112. 120
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30)120(4
59. (a) Let the two parts be x and 126 x.
120
8x + 5 (126 x) = 810
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0
8x + 630 5x = 810
Step 2 30) 180 (6
3x = 810 630
180
= 180
pic
0
x = 60 HCF of 30 and 180 is 30.
So, the first part is 60. HCF of 120 and 150 is 30.
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60. (b) Let the number of days for which the worker works = x The required HCF is 30.
For x days he is paid Rs 480 67. (d) 2378)3280(1
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For (x 6) days he is paid Rs 432. 2378

480
His daily wages = 902)2378(2
x 1804
432
= 574)902(1
x 6 574
On solving, x = Rs 60 328)574(1
61. (b) 2 8, 10, 24 328
2 4, 5, 12 246)328(1
2 2, 5, 6 246
3 1, 5, 3 82) 246(3
5 1, 5, 1 246
1, 1, 1 0
LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 = 120 The required HCF is 82.
14
68. (a) HCF = 22 32 5 7 (Take the least powers of 77. (d) Required number = LCM of 12, 15, 20 and 27
common terms).
2 12, 15, 20, 27
HCF of numerator
69. (a) HCF of fraction = 2 6, 15, 10, 27
HCF of denominator
HCF of 2, 12, 1 1 3 3, 15, 5, 27
= =
LCM of 5, 11, 3 165 3 1, 5, 5, 9
25 5 75 3 1, 5, 5, 3
70. (a) LCM = LCM of , ,
100 10 100 5 1, 5, 5, 1
LCM of 25, 5, 75 75
= = = 7.5 1, 1, 1, 1
HCF of 100, 10, 100 10
LCM = 2 2 3 3 3 5 = 540.
25 5 75
HCF = HCF of , , 78. (b) Required number = (LCM of 10, 12, 14, 16) 3
100 10 100
HCF of 25, 5, 75 5 2 10, 12, 14, 16
= = = 0.05
LCM of 100, 10, 100 100 2 5, 6, 7, 8
71. (c) Product of (LCM HCF) = Product of 2 numbers 2 5, 3, 7, 4
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36 HCF = 3024 2 5, 3, 7, 2
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3024 3 5, 3, 7, 1
HCF = = 84
36 5 5, 1, 7, 1
72. (b) Let the HCF = x ing 7 1, 1, 7, 1
LCM = 12x 1, 1, 1, 1
x + 12x = 195 LCM = 2 2 2 2 3 5 7 = 168
13x = 195 Required number = 1680 3 = 1677.
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x = 15 79. (d) Required number = (LCM of 9, 12, 15, 18) + 4

HCF = 15 and LCM = (12) (15) = 180.
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2 9, 12, 15, 18
180 15
Other number = = 45. 2 9, 6, 15, 9
60
3 9, 3, 15, 9
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73. (d) The two numbers are always the multiples of the
HCF 3 3, 1, 5, 3
Let the two numbers are 9x and 9y. 5 1, 1, 5, 1
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9x + 9 y = 135 1, 1, 1, 1
x + y = 15 LCM = 2 2 3 3 5 = 180
Now, the possible values of x and y are (1, 14), (2, 13), Required number = 180 + 4 = 184
pic
(3, 12), (4, 11), (5, 10), (6, 9), (7, 8). Now, consider only the 80. (a) Required number = (LCM of 12, 15, 20, 24) + 2
coprime pairs. These are (1, 14), (2, 13), (4, 11), (7, 8).
4 pairs of numbers can be formed whose sum is 135 and 2 12, 15, 20, 24
w.
HCF is 9. 2 6, 15, 10, 12

74. (b) Let the two numbers be 12x and 12 y. 3 3, 15, 5, 6
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12x 12 y = 3600 2 1, 5, 5, 2
xy = 25 5 1, 5, 5, 1
Possible values of x and y are (1, 25) (5, 5). 1, 1, 1, 1
But (5, 5) are not coprimes.
LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 = 120
Only 1 pair of number can be formed.
Required number = 120 + 2 = 122
75. (a) Let HCF = x
LCM = 36x 81. (a) Required number = (LCM of 15, 20, 30)
36x x = 3600 2 15, 20, 30
x2 = 100 x = 10 2 15, 10, 15
HCF is 10.
5 15, 5, 15
76. (a) Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.
3 3, 1, 3
LCM is 15x = 600
1, 1, 1
x = 40
The two numbers are 120 and 200. Sum = 320. LCM = 2 2 3 5 = 60
15
82. (a) LCM of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 is 120 LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 = 120

2 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 Multiples of 120 = 120, 240, 360, 480, .....
2 3, 2, 5, 3, 4 Required number = 360 + 4 = 364
2 3, 1, 5, 3, 2 Which is exactly divisible by 13.
3 3, 1, 5, 3, 1 87. (c) LCM of 24, 40, 64, 72 are 124 = 2880 s
5 1, 1, 5, 1, 1 2 24, 40, 64, 72, 120
1, 1, 1, 1, 1 2 12, 20, 32, 36, 60
LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 = 120 2 6, 10, 16, 18, 30
120 = 23 3 5 2 3, 5, 8, 9, 15
The required perfect square = (23 3 5) 2 3 5 2 3, 5, 4, 9, 15
= 3600 2 3, 5, 2, 9, 15
3 3, 5, 1, 9, 15
83. (b) LCM of 8, 12 and 28 = 168.
3 1, 5, 1, 3, 5
2 8, 12, 28 5 1, 5, 1, 1, 5
2 4, 6, 14 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
2 2, 3, 7
m
LCM = 26 32 5 = 2880
3 1, 3, 7
2880
7 1, 1, 7 Required time = = 48 min
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60
1, 1, 1
88. (c) Time taken for 1 revolution
LCM = 2 2 2 3 7 = 168 1 1 1 1
= , , , min
168)800(4
ing 12 25 20 30
672 LCM of Numerators 1
128 Required time = = min
HCF of Denominators 4
The required number = 800 128 = 672
ch
1
= 60 = 15 s
84. (c) LCM of 12, 15 and 20 = 60 4
2 12, 15, 20 89. (a) Time taken to complete 1 revolution
oa
2 6, 15, 10 12 12 12
= , , h = 4, 3, 2 h
3 3, 15, 5 3 4 6
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5 1, 5, 5 Required time = LCM of 4, 3 and 2 = 12 h.

1, 1, 1 90. (b) LCM of 48, 72 and 180 = 432 s.
LCM = 2 2 3 5 = 60 2 48, 72, 108
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Now, 12 4 = 8, 15 7 = 8 2 24, 36, 54

and 20 12 = 8 2 12, 18, 27
So, required number = 60 8 = 52 3 6, 9, 27
pic
85. (a) LCM of 5, 6, 7 and 8 = 840 3 2, 3, 9

2 2, 1, 3
2 5, 6, 7, 8
3 1, 1, 3
w.
2 5, 3, 7, 4
1, 1, 1
2 5, 3, 7, 2
3 5, 3, 7, 1 LCM = 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 = 432
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5 5, 1, 7, 1 Traffic lights will change simultaneously after

7 1, 1, 7, 1 432 s = 7 min 12 s
1, 1, 1, 1 91. (a) The smallest fourdigit number exactly divisible by
8, 10 and 12 should also be divisible by the LCM of 8, 10
LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 7 = 840
and 12.
Multiples of 840 = 840, 1680, ...........
LCM of 8, 10 and 12 = 120.
Required number = 1680 + 3 = 1683
Smallest four-digit number = 1000
Which is exactly divisible by 9.
120)1000(8
86. (a) LCM of 15, 20 and 24 = 120
960
2 15, 20, 24 40
2 15, 10, 12 So, the required number = 1000 + (120 40)
2 15, 5, 6 = 1000 + 80 = 1080
3 15, 5, 3 92. (c) The greatest five-digit number divisible by 6, 8 and
5 5, 5, 1 12 should also be divisible by the LCM of 6, 8 and 12.
1, 1, 1 LCM of 6, 8 and 12 = 24.
16
The greatest five-digit number = 99999 Step 2 Find HCF of 31 and 465
24)99999(416 31)465(15
96 31
39 155
24 155
159 0
144 HCF of 31 and 465 = 31.
15 Required measure = 31 cm.
So, the required number = 99999 15 = 99984 95. (b) Side of square tile = HCF of 450 and 525.
93. (b) Required number is the HCF of 321, 428 and 535. = 75 cm
Step 1 Find HCF of 321 and 428 450)525(1
321)428(1 450
321 75)450(6
107)321(3 450
m
321 0
0
HCF of 321 and 428 = 107 450 525
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Required number of tiles = = 42.
Step 2 Find HCF of 107 and 535. 75 75
107)535(5 96. (b) Required number is the HCF of 676, 481
535 and 767 = 13.
ing
0 97. (d) Required number = HCF of (48 3), (63 3)
So, HCF of 321, 428 and 535 = 107. and (78 3)
= HCF of 45, 60, 75 = 15
ch
94. (a) Required measure = HCF of 403, 434 and 465.

Step 1 Find HCF of 403 and 434. 98. (d) Required number = HCF of (121 4), (134 4)
403)434(1 and (147 4).
oa
403 = HCF of 117, 130, 143 = 13

31)403(13 99. (b) Required number = HCF of (1196 6) , (209 5)
yC
31 and (1449 4)
93 = HCF of 1190, 204, 1445 = 17
93 100. (a) Required number = HCF of (228 3), (275 5)
kM
0 and (321 6)
HCF of 403 and 434 = 31. = HCF of 225, 270, 315 = 45
pic
B. MBA Entrances Gallery

1. (c) The ratio of Boys : Girls = 3 : 1 6. (a) Let the number be n n 25 = 775
So, 42 is not possible as it is not divisible by (3 + 1) = 4 n = 31
w.
2. (a) 8 + 12 = 20 2 + 0 = 2 7. (a) Perfect square are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100,
7 + 14 = 21 2 + 1 = 3 121, .....
ww
10 + 18 = 28 2 + 8 = 10 Clearly 7 cannot be at units digit.

3. (d) (10 9) = (9 8) = (8 7) = (7 6) = (6 5) 8. (d) 92 + 102 = 81 + 100 = 181, 196 is the nearest perfect
square. Hence, 15 should be added.
= (5 4) = (4 3) = (3 2) = 1
9. (c) 9992 9982 = (999 + 998) (999 998)
LCM of 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, = 2520
= (1997) (1)
Required number = 2520 1 = 2519
= 1997
4. (b) LCM of 8, 11, and 24 = 264
Required number = 264 5 = 259 10. (d) The number is = 119n + 19 = 138, 257
5. (c) Remainder when 1693 divided by 17 = 10 When these numbers are divided by 17, then remainder
is 2.
Remainder when 797 divided by 17 = 15
Remainder when 3395 divided by 17 = 12 11. (b) Product of numbers = HCF LCM
Required number = Remainder when 10 15 12 27 n = 63 9
divided by 17 63 9
n= = 21
= 1800 divided by 17 = 15 27
17
12. (b) 34(1) 43(1) = 81 64 = 17, 34( 2) 43( 2) (iii) In a similar way, the three-digit numbers can be
= 812 642 = 2465 determined
It is always divisible by 17. Hundreds place = 9
Tens place = 9
13. (d) The largest such number is 1001.
Units place = 8
14. (d) In this case the remainder must be 0. Number of three-digit numbers = 9 9 8 = 648
15. (a) The difference between 25 92 and 2592 32 81 Total numbers = 9 + 81 + 648 = 738.
2592 2592 = 0 22. (a) PQ RS is less than 100 D AB is less than 10
16. (a) HCF of 168, 189, 231 is 21. PQ RS D AB must be less than 1000 and definitely
Then, difference between 21 8 = 13. greater than 10.
7 1 23. (b) If 5372 xy is to be divisible by 45, it must be divisible
17. (d) = 0. 875, = 0. 333, by 9 and also by 5.
8 3
1 23 y must be 0 or 5 for divisibility by 5. For divisibility by 9.
= 0. 25, = 0. 958 5 + 3 + 7 + 2 + x + y must be a multiple of 9.
4 24
ie, 17 + x + y must be a multiple of 9.
11 17
= 0. 916, = 0. 708 If y = 5, x must be 5
m
12 24
If y = 0, x must be 1
Clearly, 0.708 lies between 0.333 and 0.875. ie, x = 1 or 5 and y = 0 or 5
.co
17 {(1, 0);(5, 5)} is the correct answer.
Required fraction is .
24
24. (a) Since, a + b + c = 0, a + b = c
18. (b) Suppose one of the multiplier is x then, (a + b)3 = ( c)3
ing
53x 35x = 540 a + b + 3ab(a + b) = c3
3 3
18x = 540 a3 + b3 + 3ab( c) = c3

x = 30 a3 + b3 3abc = c3
ch
New multiplication = 30 53 = 1590 . a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

a3 + b3 + c3
19. (b) Let us rearrange the equations : =3.
oa
a b+ c=1k abc
a + b + c = 1 + l 25. (d) LCM of a x and by
yC
9 a + 3 b + c = 4 m Since, a and b are distinct primes there is no common

factor.
Where k, l, m are positive.
Hence, LCM = a x by .
Suppose and are two numbers such that in the
kM
26. (c) The thousands place can be filled by 3 only. Then, the
expression, 9a + 3b + c + (a b + c) + (a + b + c), the
hundreds place can be filled in 5 ways , the tens place in
terms b and c vanish.
4 ways and the units place in 3 ways.
+ = 3
Total number of ways is 1 5 4 3 or 60.
pic
+ = 1
27. (c) Let the two numbers are 7x and 8x and LCM is 56x.
4
= = 2 and = 1 It is given that LCM = 280
2
w.
ie, 56x = 280 and x = 5

Hence, 9a + 3b + c + 1 (a b + c) 2 (a + b + c)
ie, Numbers are 35 and 40 .
= 9a + 3b + c + a b + c 2a 2b 2c
ww
28. (a) From the given options

= 8 a = 4 m + 1 k + 2 2 l = 1 k m 2 l
Required number = 39
which is less than 0, since k, m and l are all + ve.
29. (b) LCM of 12, 15, 18 = 180
a <0
So, required number = 180 5 = 175
Its sign is ve only.
30. (d) LCM of 8, 10, 12 and 15 = 20
20. (d) Only 143616 is a multiple of both 11 and 8 so it is a We know that 83 120 = 9960
multiple of 88.
and 84 120 = 10080
21. (c) We have to consider all the one-digit, two-digit and So, 9960 is the required number.
three-digit numbers and see how many of these have
distinct digits.
31. (c) 4a 4 = 2a 2
(i) One-digit numbers, 1 to 9 are all distinct. 8a 6 = 2a 2
(ii) Two-digit numbers, tens place cannot be filled by 0. 32. (d) 359 is the required number.
Hence, 9 possibilities. Having filled that, 8 As 359 4 (remainder is 3)
possibilities for the units place and also zero. 89 5 (remainder is 4)
Hence, 9 9 = 81 numbers are possible. 17 6 (remainder is 5)
18

2 Number System

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Face Value and Place Value of a Digit

If N is the set of natural numbers, then we write numbers. ie, 9 10 0 .

4 Mathematical Ability : Number System

Different Types of Numbers

Twin Primes Two prime numbers which differ by 2 are

eg, (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), .... .

composite numbers. eg, 4, 6, 9, 15, ...... .

eg, Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6.

Other examples of perfect numbers are 28, 496, 8128 etc.

Tests for Divisibility

28, 352, .... .

number r, then their product p q will also be a

Solution. Divisor = (Dividend Remainder) Quotient = (258 3) 17 = 15

Solution. Divisor = (110 + 250) = 360

600 which are divisible by 14.

Factors and Multiples

6 Mathematical Ability : Number System

Illustration 4 Find the number of factors that 224 has

Multiple Extra Punch !

LCM & HCF of Numbers

Highest Common Factor (HCF) ing

Common factors are 1, 2 and 4.

LCM and HCF by Division Method

Solution. To find LCM

Illustration 6 Find the LCM and HCF of 15, 20 and 30.

Illustration 7 Find the HCF of 321 and 428.

Illustration 8 Find the LCM and HCF of , , .

Solution. LCM of 5, 7 and 10 = 70

(a) 2 (b) 2 and 4

10 Mathematical Ability : Number System

(a) 1680 (b) 1677 (c) 1697 (d) 1670

and 24 leaves the same remainder 2 in each case.

divisible by 8, 12, 28.

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 10 20 leaves remainders 4, 7 and 12 respectively.

B. MBA Entrances Gallery

2. If 8 + 12 = 2, 7 + 14 = 3, then 10 + 18 = ? [IP 2009] (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 15

when divided by 10 leaves a remainder of 9, when (c) 1997 (d) 998

remainder of 6, when divided by 6 leaves a remainder of be [IP 2008]

11. The LCM of two numbers is 63 and their HCF is 9. If one

12 Mathematical Ability : Number System

Answers with Solutions

The remainder when 6 is divided by 5 = 1.

So, the required remainder is 3.

412 363 312 when divided by 15, leaves remainder

As remainder cannot exceed the divisor.

14 Mathematical Ability : Number System

23. (c) 1250 = 5 5 5 5 2

Now, the greatest four-digit number divisible by 792 and

5 N 33. (a) The LCM of 5, 6 and 7 = 210.

If Y = 1, N = 58 1000 + (210 160) = 1050.

26. (b) The greatest five-digit number that can be formed

n (n + 1) 49. (d) Let the number be x.

As 101 is an odd number and 50 is divisible by 2. So, the qrs 1001

The common factors are a, b, c and their highest powers 4

16 Mathematical Ability : Number System

54. (b) Let the number be x. 62. (c) 2 3, 9, 12, 15, 6

For (x 6) days he is paid Rs 432. 2378

x = 15 79. (d) Required number = (LCM of 9, 12, 15, 18) + 4

HCF is 9. 2 6, 15, 10, 12

18 Mathematical Ability : Number System

82. (a) LCM of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 is 120 LCM = 2 2 2 3 5 = 120

5 1, 5, 5 Required time = LCM of 4, 3 and 2 = 12 h.