Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

TUGAS PERSONAL 4
SESSION 8
NETWORK GOVERNANCES

Disusun Oleh :

Antonio Soares Martins

1801625204

BINUS UNIVERCITY JAKARTA

BINUS GRADUATE PROGRAM ONLINE

MASTER TEKNIK INFORMATIK

2017

Prepared By : Antonio Soares Martins/1801625204/MTI

 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

Personal Assignment 4
Session 8

The questions and the answares

1. True or false: A router needs to have all its interfaces in Area 0 to be considered an
OSPF backbone router.
It is false, because the answare true is A router with one or more interface in Area 0
considered a backbone OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) router.
2. True or false: OSPF is uses a designated router in multi access networks.
The answare is true because OSPF is uses a designated router in multi access networks
3. Which multicast addresses do OSPFv2 routers use?
The multicast addresses do OSPFv2 are use for 224.0.0.5 for ALLSPFRouters and 224.0.0.6
for ALLDRouters.
4. Which multicast addresses are used by OSPFv3 (Open Shortest Path First versi Two)
routers?
The multicast addresses are used by OSPFv3 routers FF02::5 for ALLSPFRouters and
FF02::6 for ALLDRouters.
5. What is the Cisco administrative distance of OSPF?
The Cisco administrative distance of OSPF is 110.
6. Which OSPFv2 router type generates the OSPF Type 3 LSA?
The OSPF ABRs generate the Type 3 summary LSA for ABRs.
7. Which OSPFv2 router type generates the OSPF Type 2 LSA?
The OSPF DRs is generate Type 2 network for LSAs.
8. What is included in an OSPFv2 router LSA?
Included are the OSPFv2 routers links, interfaces, state of links, and cost.
9. True or false: The router with the lowest priority is selected as the OSPF DR
The answare is False, because the router with the highest priority is selected as the OSPF
designated router.

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 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

10. True or false: You use iBGP to exchange routes between different autonomous
systems.
The answare is False, because when we want to exchange routes between different
autonomous systems we use eBGP (external Border Gateway Protocol).
11. True or false: BGP Version 4 does not include support for CIDR, only OSPF and
EIGRP do.
The Answare is False, because BGPv4 (Border Gateway Protocol versi 4) added support
for classless interdomain routing (CIDR), which provides. the capability of forwarding
packets based on IP prefixes only, with no concern for the address class.
12. True or false: eBGP and iBGP redistribute automatically on a router if the BGP
peers are configured with the same autonomous system number.
That is True, because the external and internal Border Gateway Protocol redistribute
automatically on a router if the BGP peers are configured with the same autonomous
system number.
13. eBGP routes have an administrative distance of ____, and iBGP routes have an
administrative distance of ____.
eBGP router have an administrative of 20 and iBGP 200
14. True or false: IGMP snooping and CGMP are methods to reduce the multicast traffic
at Layer 2.
The answare is True, because them are methodes to reduce the multicast traffic at layer 2.
15.True or false: PIM has a hop-count limit of 32.
The answare is False, because PIM does not have a hop-count limit but the DVMRP has a
hop-count limit of 32.
16. True or false: PIM-SM routers use the multicast 224.0.0.13 address to request a
multicast group to the RP.
The answare is True, because PIM-SM router are use the multicast 224.0.0.13 address to
request a multicast group to the RP.

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 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

17.True or false: autonomous system path is the only attribute BGP uses to determine the
best path to the destination.
The answare is False, because the BGP uses several attributes in the BGP decision process.
18. List three IP routing protocols that use multicast addresses to communicate with their
neighbors.
The Tree of IP routing protocols that use to multicast addresses to communicate with their
neighbors like: RIPv2, OSPF, and EIGRP.
19.What IPv6 multicast address does EIGRP use for IPv6?
IPv6 multicast address does EIGRP use for IPv6 is FF02::A
20. Match the routing protocol with the description:
i. EIGRP
ii. OSPFv2
iii.RIPv2
iv.BGP
a. Distance-vector protocol used in the edge of the network
b. IETF link-state protocol used in the network core
c. Hybrid protocol used in the network core
d. Path-vector protocol
The answare like bellow:
i = C (EIGRP, use for Hybrid protocol used in the network core)
ii = B (OSPFv2 use for IETF link-state protocol used in the network core)
iii = A (RIPv2 use for a distance-vector protocol used in the edge of the network)
iv = D (BGP use for Path-vector protocol)
21. What is the default OSPF cost for a Fast Ethernet interface?
Default OSPF Cost for calculated as 108 / BW, and BW = 100 Mbps = 10bps for
Fast Ethernet. Cost =108 / 108 = 1
22. Which routing protocol do you use in the core of a large enterprise network that
supports VLSMs for a network with a mix of Cisco and non-Cisco routers?
Normally routing protocol we use in the core of large enterprise network is OSPF.

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 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

Although RIPv2 and EIGRP support VLSMs, RIPv2 is no longer recommended. EIGRP is
not supported on non-Cisco routers.
23. What is the benefit of designing for stub areas?
The benefit of designing for stub areas, where we do not need to flood external LSAs into
the stub area, which reduces LSA traffic.
24. What constraint does the OSPF network design have for traffic traveling between
areas?
The constraint does the OSPF network design have for traffic travelling between the all
traffic from one area must travel through Area 0 (the backbone) to get to another area.
25. How is OSPFv3 identified as the upper-layer protocol in IPv6?
OSPFv3 identified as the upper-layer protocol in IPv6 the Next Header 89.

Penjelasan Tambahan dari jawaban:

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) adalah sebuah protokol routing otomatis (Dynamic Routing)
yang mampu menjaga, mengatur dan mendistribusikan informasi routing antar network mengikuti
setiap perubahan jaringan secara dinamis. Pada OSPF dikenal sebuah istilah Autonomus System
(AS) yaitu sebuah gabungan dari beberapa jaringan yang sifatnya routing dan memiliki kesamaan
metode serta policy pengaturan network, yang semuanya dapat dikendalikan oleh network
administrator. Dan memang kebanyakan fitur ini diguakan untuk management dalam skala
jaringan yang sangat besar. Oleh karena itu untuk mempermudah penambahan informasi routing
dan meminimalisir kesalahan distribusi informasi routing, maka OSPF bisa menjadi sebuah
solusi. OSPF termasuk di dalam kategori IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) yang memiliki
kemapuan Link-State dan Alogaritma Djikstra yang jauh lebih efisien dibandingkan protocol IGP
yang lain. Dalam operasinya OSPF menggunakan protokol sendiri yaitu protokol 89.

Cara Kerja OSPF

Berikut adalah sedikit gambaran mengenai prinsip kerja dari OSPF:
a. Setiap router membuat Link State Packet (LSP)

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 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

b. Kemudian LSP didistribusikan ke semua neighbour menggunakan Link State Advertisement

(LSA) type 1 dan menentukan DR dan BDR dalam 1 Area.
c. Masing-masing router menghitung jalur terpendek (Shortest Path) ke semua neighbour
berdasarkan cost routing.
d. Jika ada perbedaan atau perubahan tabel routing, router akan mengirimkan LSP ke DR dan
BDR melalui alamat multicast 224.0.0.6
e. LSP akan didistribusikan oleh DR ke router neighbour lain dalam 1 area sehingga semua router
neighbour akan melakukan perhitungan ulang jalur terpendek.

Konfigurasi OSPF - Backbone Area

OPSF merupakan protokol routing yang menggunakan konsep hirarki routing, dengan kata lain
OSPF mampu membagi-bagi jaringan menjadi beberpa tingkatan. Tingakatan-tingkatan ini
diwujudkan dengan menggunakan sistem pengelompokan yaitu area.
OSPF memiliki beberapa tipe area diantaranya:
a. Bakcbone Area 0 (Area ID 0.0.0.0), Bertanggung jawab mendistribusikan informasi routing
antara non-backbone area. Semua sub-Area HARUS terhubung dengan backbone secara
logikal.
b. Standart/Default Area, Merupakan sub-Area dari Area 0. Area ini menerima LSA intra-area
dan inter-area dar ABR yang terhubung dengan area 0 (Backbone area).
c. Stub Area, Area yang palinsg "ujung". Area ini tidak menerima advertise external route
(digantikan default area).
d. Not So Stubby Area, Stub Area yang tidak menerima external route (digantikan default
route) dari area lain tetapi masih bisa mendapatkan external route dari router yang masih
dalam 1 area.

Referensi:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/ip-version-6-ipv6/112100-ospfv3-
config-guide.html

Prepared By : Antonio Soares Martins/1801625204/MTI

 Personal Assignment 4/Network Governances

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/xe-
3s/iro-xe-3s-book/iro-mode-ospfv2.html
http://www.pdfiles.com/pdf/files/English/IT_Certifications/CCDA_640-
864_Official_Certification_Guide.pdf
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/cisco-administration-101-know-the-basics-about-
ripv2/

Prepared By : Antonio Soares Martins/1801625204/MTI