List of antibiotics

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Following is a list of antibiotics, sorted by class. The highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics & bacteriostatic antibiotics. Bactericidals
kill bacteria directly where bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior; in practice,
both of these are capable of ending a bacterial infection.
Antibiotics by class
Generic name Brand names Common use Possible side effects Mechanism of action
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin Amikin Binding to the
bacterial 30S ribosomalsubu
Gentamicin Garamycin
Infections caused byG- bacteria, nit (some work by binding to
Kanamycin Kantrex such as Escherichia the 50Ssubunit), inhibiting
coli& Klebsiella particularlyPseudo Hearing loss the translocation of the
Neomycin Mycifradin
monas aeruginosa. Effective Vertigo peptidyl-tRNA from the A-
Netilmicin Netromycin against Aerobic bacteria (not Kidney damage site to the P-site & also
obligate/facultative anaerobes) causing misreading of
Tobramycin Nebcin
& tularemia. mRNA, leaving the bacterium
unable to synthesize proteins
Paromomycin Humatin
vital to its growth.
Ansamycins
Geldanamycin Experimental, as antitumor
Herbimycin antibiotics

Carbapenems
Ertapenem Invanz GI upset, diarrhea,
Bactericidal for both G+ & G-
& nausea
Doripenem Doribax organisms & therefore useful for
Seizures Inhibition of cell wall
empiric broad-spectrum
Imipenem/Cilastatin Primaxin Headache synthesis
antibacterial coverage. (Note MRSA
Rash & allergic
Meropenem Merrem resistance to this class.)
reactions
Cephalosporins (First generation)
Cefadroxil Duricef GI upset & Same mode of action as
diarrhea other beta-lactam
Cefazolin Ancef
Good coverage against G+ Nausea (if alcohol antibiotics: disrupt the
Cefalotin or Cefalothin Keflin infections. taken synthesis of
concurrently) the peptidoglycan layer of
Cefalexin Keflex Allergic reactions bacterial cell walls.
Cephalosporins (Second generation)
Cefaclor Ceclor
Cefamandole Mandol
Cefoxitin Mefoxin Less G+ cover, improved G- cover. As above As above
Cefprozil Cefzil
Cefuroxime Ceftin, Zinnat
Cephalosporins (Third generation)
Cefixime Suprax
Cefdinir Omnicef, Cefdiel
Cefditoren Spectracef
Cefoperazone Cefobid
Cefotaxime Claforan Improved coverage of G-
organisms, except Pseudomonas. As above As above
Cefpodoxime Vantin Reduced G+ cover.
Ceftazidime Fortaz
Ceftibuten Cedax
Ceftizoxime Cefizox
Ceftriaxone Rocephin
 Cephalosporins (Fourth generation)
Cefepime Maxipime Covers pseudomonal infections. As above As above
Cephalosporins (Fifth generation)
Ceftobiprole Zeftera Used to treat MRSA As above As above
Glycopeptides
Teicoplanin Targocid
inhibiting peptidoglycan synt
Vancomycin Vancocin
hesis
Telavancin Vibativ
Lincosamides
Clindamycin Cleocin Serious staph-, pneumo-, &
streptococcal infections in Possible C. difficile- Bind to 50S subunit of
penicillin-allergic patients, also relatedpseudomembran bacterial RNAthereby
Lincomycin Lincocin anaerobic infections; clindamycin ous enterocolitis inhibiting protein synthesis
topically foracne
Lipopeptide
Bind to the membrane & cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of
Daptomycin Cubicin G+ve
membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA & RNA synthesis
Macrolides
Zithromax,Sumam
Azithromycin
ed, Zitrocin
Clarithromycin Biaxin Streptococcal
Nausea, vomiting,
infections,syphilis, upper
Dirithromycin Dynabac & diarrhea inhibition of bacterial protein
respiratory tract infections, lower
(especially at biosynthesis by binding
Erythocin,Erythrop respiratory tract higher doses) reversibly to the
Erythromycin infections, mycoplasmal
ed Jaundice subunit 50S of the
infections, Lyme disease
Roxithromycin bacterial ribosome, thereby
inhibiting translocation of
Troleandomycin TAO peptidyl tRNA.
Visual Disturbance,
Telithromycin Ketek Pneumonia
Liver Toxicity.[3]
Spectinomycin Trobicin Gonorrhea
Monobactams
Aztreonam Azactam Bea-lactam antibiotic
Nitrofurans
Furazolidone Furoxone Bacterial or protozoal diarrhea or enteritis
Macrodantin,Macro
Nitrofurantoin UTI
bid
Penicillins
Amoxicillin Novamox,Amoxil\ Ampicillin GI upset &
Principen\ Carbenicillin Geocillin\ Cloxacillin diarrhea
Tegopen\ Dicloxacillin Dynapen\ Flucloxacillin Allergy with
Wide range of infections; penicillin
Floxapen\ Mezlocillin Mezlin\ Methicillin serious
used for streptococcal infections, Bea-lactam antibiotic
Staphcillin\ Nafcillin Unipen\ Oxacillin Prostaphlin\ anaphylactic
syphilis, & Lyme disease
Penicillin G Pentids\ Penicillin V Pen-Vee-K\ reactions
Piperacillin Pipracil\ Temocillin Negaban\ Brain & kidney
Ticarcillin Ticar damage (rare)
Penicillin combinations
Amoxicillin/clavulanate Augmentin
The second component
Ampicillin/sulbactam Unasyn prevents bacteria
Piperacillin/tazobactam Zosyn lresistance to the first
component
Ticarcillin/clavulanate Timentin
Polypeptides
Bacitracin Eye, ear or bladder infections; Kidney & Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a
 usually applied directly to the eye nerve molecule that carries the building blocks of
or inhaled into the lungs; rarely damage the peptidoglycan bacterial cell walloutside
given by injection (when of the inner membrane [4]
given by
Colistin Coly-Mycin-S Interact with the G- bacterial outer
injection)
membrane & cytoplasmic membrane. It
displaces bacterial counter ions, which
destabilizes the outer membrane. They act
Polymyxin B like a detergent against the cytoplasmic
membrane, which alters its permeability.
Polymyxin B & E are bactericidal even in
an isosmotic solution.
Quinolones
Cipro,Ciproxin,
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprobay
Enoxacin Penetrex
Gatifloxacin Tequin inhibit the bacterial DNA
UTI, bacterial prostatitis, Nausea (rare),
gyrase or
Levofloxacin Levaquin community- irreversible damage
thetopoisomerase IV
acquiredpneumonia, bacterial to central nervous
Lomefloxacin Maxaquin enzyme, thereby
diarrhea, mycoplasmal system(uncommon),
inhibiting DNA replication &
Moxifloxacin Avelox infections, gonorrhea tendinosis (rare)
transcription.
Nalidixic acid NegGram
Norfloxacin Noroxin
Ofloxacin Floxin, Ocuflox
Sulfonamides
Mafenide Sulfamylon
Folate synthesis inhibition.
Sulfonamidochrysoidine(arc They arecompetitive
Prontosil
haic) inhibitors of the
Nausea, vomiting, enzymedihydropteroate
Sulfacetamide Sulamyd, Bleph-10
& diarrhea synthetase, DHPS. DHPS
Sulfadiazine Micro-Sulfon Allergy(including catalyses the conversion of
UTI(except sulfacetamide, used skin rashes) PABA (para-aminobenzoate)
Silver sulfadiazine Silvadene
for eye infections, & mafenide & Crystals in urine to dihydropteroate, a key
Sulfamethizole Thiosulfil Forte silver sulfadiazine, used topically Kidney failure step in folate synthesis.
for burns) Decrease inwhite Folate is necessary for the
Sulfamethoxazole Gantanol
blood cellcount cell to synthesizenucleic
Sulfanilimide (archaic) Sensitivity to acids (nucleic acids are
sunlight essential building blocks
Sulfasalazine Azulfidine
of DNA & RNA), & in its
Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin absence cells will be unable
to divide.
Trimethoprim Proloprim, Trimpex
Trimethoprim-
Sulfamethoxazole(Co- Bactrim, Septra
trimoxazole) (TMP-SMX)
Tetracyclines
Demeclocycline Declomycin GI upset
Sensitivity to
Doxycycline Vibramycin
sunlight
inhibiting the binding
Minocycline Minocin Potential toxicity
of aminoacyl-tRNAto
Syphilis, chlamydialinfections, Lyme to mother & fetus
Oxytetracycline Terramycin the mRNA-
disease,mycoplasmal infections, during pregnancy
ribosome complex. They do
acne rickettsial infections, Enamel hypoplasia
so mainly by binding to
*malaria *Note: Malaria is caused (staining of teeth;
the 30S ribosomal subunit in
by a protist & not a bacterium. potentially
Sumycin,Achromyc the mRNA
Tetracycline permanent)
in V, Steclin translation complex.
transient
depression of
bone growth
Drugs against mycobacteria
Clofazimine Lamprene Antileprotic
Dapsone Avlosulfon Antileprotic
Capreomycin Capastat Antituberculosis
Cycloserine Seromycin Antituberculosis, UTI
Ethambutol Myambutol Antituberculosis
Ethionamide Trecator Antituberculosis Inhibits peptide synthesis
Isoniazid I.N.H. Antituberculosis
Pyrazinamide Aldinamide Antituberculosis
Binds to the subunit
Reddish-orange sweat,
Rifampicin (Rifampin in US) Rifadin, Rimactane mostly G+ & mycobacteria of RNA polymeraseto inhibit
tears, & urine
transcription
rash, discolored urine,
Rifabutin Mycobutin Mycobacterium avium complex
GI symptoms
Rifapentine Priftin Antituberculosis
Neurotoxicity,ototoxicit
Streptomycin Antituberculosis As other aminoglycosides
y
Others
Arsphenamine Salvarsan Spirochaetal infections (obsolete)
meningitis, MRSA, topical use, or
Inhibits bacterial protein
for low cost internal treatment. Rarely: aplastic
Chloramphenicol Chloromycetin synthesis by binding to the
Historic: typhus, cholera.G- , gram anemia.
50S subunit of the ribosome
positive, anaerobes
Inactivates enolpyruvyl
Fosfomycin Monurol Acute cystitis in women transferase, thereby
blocking cell wall synthesis
Fusidic acid Fucidin
Linezolid Zyvox VRSA
Produces toxic free
radicals which disrupt DNA &
Discolored urine,
Infections caused byanaerobic proteins. This non-specific
headache, metallic
Metronidazole Flagyl bacteria; also amoebiasis, mechanism is responsible for
taste, nausea ;alcohol i
trichomoniasis, Giardiasis its activity against a variety
s contraindicated
of bacteria, amoebae, &
protozoa.
Ointment for impetigo,cream for
Mupirocin Bactroban
infected cuts
Platensimycin
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Synercid
Traveler's diarrhea caused by E.
Rifaximin Xifaxan
coli
A chloramphenicol analog.
G- , G+ , anaerobes. widely used in Lacks known anemic May inhibit bacterial protein
Thiamphenicol
veterinary medicine. side-effects. synthesis by binding to the
50S subunit of the ribosome
Tigecycline Tigacyl
upset stomach, bitter
Tinidazole Tindamax Fasigyn protozoan infections
taste, & itchiness