pH Detrmination of Hair Care Products and of Fluoride Content of Toothpaste, Mouthwash, and Tap

Water.
3
Armas, Ma. Juryst Chelsea A*, 3Porras, Shayne Lisette 3Lopez, Paolo, 1De Castro-Cruz Kathlia**,

1
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
3
Student (s), CHM115L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: This experiment aims to determine the pH of shampoo, mouthwash and tap
Volume No.: 3 water using 3ppm as the concentration for standard solution. Also, their respective
Issue No.: 1 fluoride ion concentration was calculated by measuring their potentials using the
Date of Submission: 03 November 2017 Fluoride meter generating a standard addition curve whose slopes came from the
Date of Acceptance: 03 November 2017 standard calibration curve of the standard solution. From the combined data of each
group, the researchers observed that the pH of diluted samples are greater than that of
Keywords: the concentrated because the added water acts as a base to each samples. Also, a total
Potentiometry ionic strength adjustment buffer or TISAB was used to fix the stability of the ionic
strength of the solution giving an accurate results. This experiment uses the principles
Calibration andAddition Curve of potentiometry and the standard calibration and addition method in measuring the
concentration of the unknown.
Fluoride Concentration

Introduction upon immersion in the sample which interacts with other

Potentiometry is an electroanalytical method
wherein the electrodes bounded by a glass surface is
dipped in the sample solutions which primarily used in the
quantitative determination of the concentration of the
solution. The main instrument used in potentiometry is
the pH meter which measures the acidity and basicity of
a solution. It consists of a glass electrode which is
calibrated properly before using in order to adjust the
slope offsetting error to the actual slope assuming a linear
theoretical value. Although the electrodes are calibrated
prior to usage, it must be washed by a distilled water in
between of using and must be tap dried by a tissue so as
to avoid contamination and erroneous reading of the
potentials. These electrodes consist of hydrogen ions
positively charged ions on the glass bulb generating an
electrochemical potential which in this case is in
millivolts units. In this experiment, two electrodes were
used to analyze the pH of the samples (pH meter) and the
Fluoride ion concentration using the Fluoride Ion meter.
For Fluoride meter which consists of an ion-selective
electrodes, potential of solutions of products with known
Fluoride content were measured using this. It is designed
to particularly measure Fluoride concentration and it lacts
interference on the electrode giving a more accurate
readings.
In measuring the concentration of the samples,
TISAB (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer) is added
to each solution to ensure that the samples have similar

ionic strength to the standards in order to generate a linear
correlation between the logarithm concentration of the
sample plotted against its corresponding potential
Calculating the concentration of each sample
from the potential readings of Fluoride meter can be
analyzed using statistics which involves standard
deviation, and confidence interval at 95% along with the
LINEST function. This leads to two kinds of curve that
will determine the Fluoride ion concentration which are
the standard calibration and standard addition.
Standard Calibration curve is generated from the
potential readings versus the logarithm of known
concentration of the sample. It is used to determine the
unknown concentration of samples such as the
mouthwash, toothpaste and tapwater. While the standard
Addition requires a set of samples whose added standard
solutions are varied. The slope of the calibration curve is
used throughout the calculation of Fluoride concentration
in standard addition method.
This experiment therefore exhaustively used
basic statistical formulas to generate curves and allows
the researchers to master the principles behind
potentiometric methods of analysis of pH and potentials
of different samples.
Experimental Section
This experiment is divided into two parts. First,
the pH of shampoo, conditioner and shampoo with
conditioner were analyzed using the pH meter. This
instrument was calibrated using buffers 4 and 7. Three
readings per trial were done for each sample. 5 mL of each
of samples is placed in a 50-ml and diluted to 45mL of
distilled water for pH determination of diluted samples
while for concentrated, another 5mL is placed on a
separate 50mL beaker with no other solutions added. The
readings for each of these three trials were averaged and
its standard deviation along with its uncertainty are
computed at 95 percent confidence interval.
For the second part which is the Fluoride ion
concentration determination, products with known
Fluoride content such as the mouthwash (Colgate-
Freshmint) and toothpaste(Unique) were subjected
through Fluoride meter. A 0.2g of Unique toothpaste is
Page |2
mixed to 50-mL TISAB to ionize the Fluoride completely
and is boiled for 2 minutes in the fumehood. For
mouthwash samples, 25mL of this was mixed to 50 mL
TISAB and was diluted to 100mL volumetric flask. Same
procedure goes with the tapwater. These prepared
samples are to be analyzed for standard calibration
method.
For standard addition method, a 3ppm standard
solution was prepared by getting 3mL of 100ppmNaF and
diluting it to 100-ml volumetric flask. These are added in
a 10mL incremental volume to each sample starting from
a 0 mL of the standard. Table 1 shows the composition of
the set of standards for potential measurement in standard
addition.
Table 1: Standard Addition Method. (Samples are
mouthwash, toothpaste and tapwater)
Solution Composition
1 50 mL TISAB + 5 mL
sample + 0 mL standard
2 050 mL TISAB + 5 mL
sample + 10 mL standard
3 50 mL TISAB + 5 mL
sample + 20 mL standard
4 50 mL TISAB + 5 mL
sample + 30 mL standard
The potential readings are plotted by measuring
their response in order to compute for the F concentration
Results and Discussion
The following set of tables are the summary of
results of each group for part 1 and part 2 of this
experiment with the first three data belongs to the
researchers.
Table 2: pH of Shampoo, Conditioner, and
Shampoo and Conditioner
pH pH diluted
concentrated
GROUP 3: ARMAS
 Page |3

Rejoice (pink)- 5.79 0.2689 5.97 Cream silk(Yellow)- 5.911.4655 4.560.252

Shampoo 0.2439 Conditioner

Cream silk(blue)- 4.55 0.1487 4.93 Palmolive (light 5.070.0627 5.000.099

conditioner 0.4975 pink)-Shampoo and
Conditioner
Palmolive Men- 5.09 0.1567 5.25 0.035
Shampoo and Dove 6.480.1398 6.580.084
Conditioner (pink)Shampoo

GROUP 3:PORRAS Cream silk(silver)- 5.050.0658 5.17

Conditioner 0.2711
Beauty-Shampoo 4.910.3347 6.850.432
Palmolive Light 5.180.2541 4.910.128
Cream silk(violet) 4.680.7364 5.591.312 Pink -Shampoo and
Gard- Shampoo and 5.090.4008 5.070.289 Conditioner
Conditioner Dove (Green)- 5.810.3096 6.510.177
GROUP 3: LOPEZ Shampoo

Dove(Gold)- 6.010.3432 5.860.085 Cream silk(Black)- 4.810.3417 4.120.118

Shampoo Conditioner

Dove (Gold)- 4.700.124 4.600.149 Palmolive(pink)- 5.32 0.1134 5.040.121

Conditioner Shampoo and
Conditioner
VO5-Shampoo and 4.440.0912 4.760.048
Conditioner

Head and Shoulders 7.230.1225 7.100.767 HANA (pink)- 6.080.1180 5.530.141

Shampoo
(blue)-Shampoo

Dove (light blue)- 4.131.6773 4.622.041 -Black Beauty- 4.670.4600 4.350.243

Conditioner Conditioner

Shampoo and 5.040.2208 5.280.147 Gard(pink)- 5.230.1042 5.351.363

Conditioner Shampoo and
Conditioner
Sunsilk Green- 5.960.1797 6.580.078
Shampoo Hara(Orange)- 5.900.0379 5.780.027
Shampoo
Palmolive(light 5.970.4721 4.220.196
pink)Conditioner Pantene(Total)- 3.410.0785 3.510.027
Conditioner
Gard 5.670.0816 5.250.063
(black)Shampoo and Black Beauty(Gold)- 6.560.0693 6.730.028
Conditioner Shampoo and
Conditioner
Clear(pink)- 5.680.0828 5.910.286
Shampoo
 Page |4

HANNA(violet)- 5.900.1259 5.590.063 Conditioner-pantene 3.870.1111 3.790.056

Shampoo pink

Pantene(Yes)- 3.720.0785 3.560.134 Shampoo and 5.330.1111 5.140.056

Conditioner Conditioner(Palmoli
ve-blue)
Palmolive(Gold)Sha 4.850.0785 4.790.134
mpoo and Shampoo-Sunsilk 5.560.0587 6.220.031
Conditioner Pink

Shampoo-Head and 6.91 0.234 7.36 0.156 Conditioner- 4.510.0527 4.340.163

Soulders(Lemon) Creamsilk Pink

Shampoo and 5.560.12944 5.120.044

Conditioner- 5.86 0.284 6.36 0.359 Conditioner-
Creamsilk(green) Palmolive Orange

Shampoo and 5.23 0.114 5.29 0.165

Conditioner- Table 2 shows the pH difference for concentrated
Palmolive(healthy and diluted samples together with its corresponding
and smooth) uncertainties measured at 95% confidence interval. It can
be deduced that for most reading, pH of diluted samples
Shampoo-pantene 6.34 0.214 6.37 0.228 are higher than that of concentrated since the water as a
(total damge care) diluting solution acts as a base increasing the pH reading.
These are important to know how to balance the pH in a
human hair which has a naturally 4.5 -5.5 pH. Thus, for
Conditioner- 3.92 0.434 3.77 0.353
the known products analyzed in this experiment, Hair care
palmolive(silky)
products such as Palmolive and Dove are most likely
recommended in order to maintain the natural acidity of
Shampoo and 5.25 0.104 5.29 0.079 the hair since their pH fall within the range of human hair
Conditioner(Palmoli pH. If one uses a hair care products that is beyond or less
ve red) than the pH of his hair and scalp, it may cause the cuticle
to open or contract which allows buildup of bacteria and
Shampoo-head and 6.98 0.174 7.25 0.136
fungi.
shoulders cool
menthol
Table 3: Fluoride Content of Toothpaste, Mouthwash,
Conditioner-dove 3.13 0.462 3.75 0.260 Shampoo by Standard Calibration Method (SCM)
intense repair and Standard Addition Method(SAM)
Brand SCM SAM
Toothpaste- 43782.65 187.908149.118
Shampoo and 5.34 0.066 5.42 0.102
Unique
Conditioner-
Mouthwash- 51520.002712 74.50618.438
palmolive vibrant
Colgate
Shampoo-pantene 6.050.1233 6.050.075 Tapwater- 0.03680.25157 437.7982.65
pink 3ppm
GROUP 1
Toothpaste- 623.378.40 1171220.94
Unique
 Page |5

Mouthwash- 189.650.69 48.024.494 multiple components which can either enhance or

Colgate deteriorate the potential readings. This was performed by
Tapwater- 0.075610.02532 0.06690.2867 measuring the potential of the sample with varying
1ppm volume amounts of the standard solution where the
GROUP 2 calculated response is plotted against the Concentration of
Toothpaste- 5637.233430 0.09300.5150 the standard multiplied by the V of the standard (Cstd
Unique Vstd) shown in figure 2,3 and 4.
Mouthwash- 2679.116720.4 5.23175.7688
Listerine The response for the addition method is
Tapwater- 0.0980.444 0.05380.3740 calculated using the equation 9
2ppm 21
( + ) 10(
)
GROUP 4
Toothpaste- 340335 100.8397.5
Where Vo is 100mL, the volume to which the
happee
solution was diluted to mark and Vstd is the added volume
Mouthwash- 8.737.5 184.848
while E2, potential with standard and E1 is the potential
Estring Osol
with 0 mL of standard and S is the slope generated from
Tapwater- 7.56.5 100.8313.6
the equation of the lines in calibration curve. Furthermore,
4ppm
after generating a curve, an equation of the line for each
GROUP 5
sample was needed for post-run calculations of Fluoride
Toothpaste- 3475241.5 1515.8196
concentration
Triple Action
Mouthwash- 0.51680.0604 0.087580.1737
Calculations for this part are shown on the sample
Listerine-
computation of this paper.
Cool mint
Tapwater- 0.12360.01796 0.02720.037
Conclusion
5ppm
GROUP6
Potentiometry is one the most important
Toothpaste- 2065256.84 23301330
analytical method in electroanalytical chemistry as it
Close-up
determines the concentration of the solute in a solution.
Green
This experiment shows its effectiveness for Fluoride ion
Mouthwash- 89.5626.81 10.144.76
content of each sample commercial products. It was
Listerine
observed that the pH for most diluted hair care products
Orange
are higher than that of concentrated since the water added
Tapwater- 81.683.00 0.24483.91
in diluted solutions acts as a base increasing the pH
10ppm
reading. Calibrating pH meter and the Fluoride meter is
very important in order to generate accurate results.
*first three data belongs to the researchers
Furthermore, for Fluoride Ion Concentration,
Meanwhile, table 3 shows the calculated fluoride
basic statistical formulas were effectively utilized in order
concentration of mouthwash, toothpaste and tapwater
to compute for its concentration using the calibration and
using the standard calibration curve (SCM) and standard
the addition method. However, due to the equipments
addition curve(SAM) of different concentrations prepared reliability due to long use , the potential readings of the
by each group. From the slope generated from the samples are really in doubt. In calibration curve the slope
calibration curve, the researchers were able to calculate
was found to be -44.17 but its true value is at around 59.2
the fluoride concentration of each sample which leads to
The deviation from the actual value was not given
the standard addition method. Here, the samples has importance since the instruments used are not in the first
 Page |6

place giving a very accurate readings because in between Table 4: SCM statistical data
the measuring, these devices are experiencing sudden
power interruption. Calculated Data
Sxx 0.57918
References Syy 1163.02306
Sxy -25.58630
m -44.17691
b 102.14905
Clark, J. (2013). Retrieved from Chemguide: Sr 4.04349
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbas Sm 5.31312
eeqia/indicators.html Sb 2.65503

Harvey, D. (2013). Potentiometric Methods. Retrieved

from UC Davis ChemWiki:
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemis
try/Analytical_Chemistry_2.0/11_Electrochemic SAM TOOTHPASTE-UNIQUE
110

)
New Mexico Tech. (n.d.). Retrieved from New Mexico

21
108
y = 0.102x + 95.838

106
Tech: http://infohost.nmt.edu/~jaltig/Diazo.pdf R = 0.4436
( + 10(
104
102
Skoog, D. (2007). Principles of Instrumental Analysis 6th 100
98
Edition. Toronto: Thomson Higher Education. 96
94
Skoog, D. (2014). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 92
California: Cengage Learning. 0 20 40 60 80 100
CstdVstd

Fig2: Standard Addition Curve for toothpaste

Supporting Information

150
SAM MOUTHWASH-COLGATE
External Calibration FRESHMINT
)

160
21

140 100 y = 0.2778x + 103.49

( + 10(

120 R = 0.8933
E, Potential

100
y = -44.177x + 102.15 80 50
R = 0.9719 60
40
20 0
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 (Cstd)(Vstd
log[F] Fig3: Standard Addition Curve for mouthwash

Fig 1: Standard Calibration Curve

 Page |7

PART 2: SCM-Toothpaste
SAM TAPWATER-3PPM
)
21

= (102.17 2.0865) + (107.4 0.6573)

3,000.000
( + 10(

+ (104.5 0.5692)
2,000.000 314.07 2.2604
=
y = 30.596x - 48.993 3
1,000.000 R = 0.9729 = 104.64 0.7534
-
- 50.000 100.000 = 104.69 0.7534
(1,000.000)
(Cstd)(Vstd) Y from the graph
Fig3: Standard Addition Curve for tapwater
=(-44.175.371)x+(102.1492.655)
Sample Calculation (104.690.7534)(102.1492.655)
X= 44.175.31
=
Part A: Trial 1 for Shampoo and conditioner-diluted
0.5753 0.06286
(): 5.22 + 5.26 + 5.23 = 15.71
[ ]=10(0.5763) = 0.2653 0.1653
(^2)= (5.22)^2+(5.26)^2+(5.23)^2=82.2689
POST-RUN:
Standard Deviation:
(0.26530.1653)
(0.1)
[ ] =
1 =132.6582.65
(())^2 0.2
1000
( 2 )
=
1 SAM for toothpaste

Post Run:
(15.71)^2
82.2689 3
= = 0.02082 9.3954 7.4559
31 [ ] = = 187.908 149.1
1
5 1000
Confidence Interval: at 95%

. = , = 4.303( )

4.303(0.02082)
. = = 0.05172
3

Uncertainty

()
= = 0.05172 = 5.25 0.05172
3