DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Mid Semester Exam 2017/2018

Subject: AIRPORT ENGINEERING and PLANNING (C)
Monday, 16 October 2017
Take home, Due: 30 October 2017, 23.59 WIB
Name of Student: Mark:
Christ Billy Prakoswa
NRP:
03111540000072

Instruction:

1. Every student has different airport and wind data as shown in file Student List
2. The Airport Data file consist of aircraft type and number of aircraft annually. Airport 1,2,3 etc
are available in different sheets, please check.
3. The Wind Data file consist of three different wind data as shown in different sheets.
4. Your task:
a. Determine the dimension of Runway
b. Determine the Runway orientation
c. Assume any other data required.
5. Please read your references to do your work.
6. You may do your work in Word with this page as your front page. Do not forget to write your
name and ID.
7. Email your work to airport.engineering.2017@gmail.com
8. Any question please text me at 081330607601
Airport Data: 7 & Wind Data: 2
Reference:
1. Planning and Design of Airports Robert Horonjeff
2. Boeing Aircraft Characteristics
3. Viking Air: Twin Otter DHC6 Aircraft Characteristics
4. ICAO Aerodrome design part 1
Step 1: Determine Critical Aircraft
From FAA defines the term critical aircraft as the aircraft most demanding on airport design that
operates at least 500 annual itinerant operations at a given airport. The smallest aircraft that is critical to
the orientation of runways, while the largest aircraft determines most of the other dimensional
specifications of an airfield.
 Table 3.3.15, 3.3.16, 3.4.13 from ICAO recapitulation:
RUNWAY
OPERATIONAL (BOEING 737-400)
LENGTH (METRE)
STANDARD DAY 3050
TAKE OFF
STANDARD DAY + 150C 3420
DRY RUNWAY 1600
LANDING (FLAPS 40)
WET RUNWAY 1830
BOEING 737-400 Aero plane Reference Field Length 3420

Take off Distance (TOD) = ARFL 1.15

= 3420 1.15
= 3940 m

Aircrafts that operate more than 500 annual operation: B732, B734, and DHC6

B732 B734 DHC6

MTOW (lb) 115500 150000 12500
MTOW (Kg) 52390 68039 5670
Wing Span (ft) 93 97.9 65
Wing Span (m) 28.35 29.79 19.8
Tail Height (ft) 36.1 36.04 19.6
Tail Height (m) 11.23 11.07 5.94
Main Wheel Gear (ft) 17.2 17.2 12.2
Main Wheel Gear (m) 5.23 5.23 3.7
Runway Length (ft) - 12918 1500
Runway Length (m) - 3940 458
FAA Aircraft Design III III II
ICAO Aerodrome Code C-X C-IV B-I
Table 2. Characteristic comparation between B732, B734, and DHC6

From Table 2, the biggest aircraft is B734, thus we design the runway dimension with reference code C-
IV and design the runway orientation based on smallest aircraft DHC6 with reference code B-I

Step 2: Design the runway dimension

- Runway Length
Assume: airport is 3 meters above sea level, 25oC temperature, slope 0.3%
Correction toward elevation, Fe

= 1 + 0,07 ( )
300
3
= 1 + 0,07 ( )
300
= 1.0007
Correction toward temperature, Ft
= 1 + 0,01(25 (15 (0,0065 ))
= 1 + 0,01(25 (15 (0,0065 3))
= 1.100195
Correction toward slope, Fs
= 1 + (0,1 )
= 1 + (0,1 0.3%)
= 1.0003

Therefore, runway take-off length corrected for elevation, temperature and slope:
=
= 3940 1.0007 1.100195 1.0003
= 4339 4350

- Runway Width

Table 3. Runway Width ICAO

So, we choose Runway Width from the table = 45m

- Longitudinal Slopes
Looking from ICAO for the longitudinal slope runway, code number 4 have requirements
like the ones below:
The slope computed by dividing the difference between the maximum and
minimum elevation along the runway center line by the runway length should not
exceed: 1 per cent where the code number is 4.
 Along no portion of a runway should the longitudinal slope exceed: 1,25 per cent
where the code number is 4, except that for the first and last quarter for the length
of the runway the longitudinal slope should not exceed 0,8 per cent.
Where slope changes cannot be avoided, a slope change between two consecutive
slopes should not exceed: 1,5 per cent where the code number is 4.
The transition from one slope to another should be accomplished by a curved
surface with a rate of change not exceeding: 0,1 per cent per 30 m (minimum radius
of curvature of 30.000 m) where the code number is 4.

- Transverse Slope
To promote the most rapid drainage of water, the runway surface should, if
practicable, be cambered except where a single crossfall from high to low in the
direction of the wind most frequently associated with rain would ensure rapid
drainage. The transverse slope should ideally be: 1,5 per cent where the code letter
is C, but in any event should not exceed 1,5 per cent or 2 per cent, nor be less than 1
per cent except at runway or taxiway intersections where flatter slopes may be
necessary.
The transverse slope should be substantially the same throughout the length of a
runway except at an intersection with another runway or a taxiway where an even
transition should be provided taking account of the need for adequate drainage.
Additional guidance is given in the Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 3
Pavements.
 - Runway Stripes
A strip should extend before the threshold and beyond the end of the runway or
stopway for a distance of at least: 60 m where the code number is 4. [LENGTH]
A strip including a precision approach runway shall, wherever practicable, extend
laterally for a distance of at least: 150 m where the code number is 4; on each side
of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length
of the strip. [WIDTH]
A strip including a non-precision approach runway should extend laterally to a
distance of at least: 150 m where the code number is 4; on each side of the centre
line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip.
[WIDTH]
A strip including a non-instrument runway should extend, on each side of the centre
line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip,
for a distance of at least: 75 m where the code number is 4. [WIDTH]

- RESA

Therefore, design RESA 240m extend from runway strips

Step 3: Wind Rose Analysis

Aerodrome Allowable Runway Allowable

Code Crosswind (mi/h) Length (m) Crosswind (mi/h)
A-I 12 <1200 11.5
B-I 12 1200-1500 15
A-II 13 >1500 23
B-II 13
A-III 18.5
B-III 18.5
C-I 18.5
C-II 18.5
C-III 18.5
C-IV 18.5
A-IV 23
B-IV 23
C-IV 23
D-IV 23
Table 3. ICAO Allowable Crosswind Component
 0-10 Knot 11-16 Knot 17-21 Knot 22-27 Knot >28 Knot
Direction Total
0-9 mi/h 10-14 mi/h 15-15 mi/h 19-23 mi/h >24 mi/h
N 2,46% 0,25% 2.71%
NE 1,72% 0,99% 0,25% 0,25% 3.20%
E 0,49% 4,43% 4,43% 9.36%
SE 13,55% 6,90% 7,14% 5,91% 0,25% 33.74%
S 3,20% 5,67% 5,91% 0,25% 0,49% 15.52%
SW 4,43% 7,14% 0,74% 0,99% 13.50%
W 3,20% 5,17% 5,42% 0,25% 14.04%
NW 5,67% 2,22% 0,25% 8.13%
Total 34,73% 32,51% 24,14% 7,64% 0,99% 100%
Table 4. Wind Data

12 mi/h
12 mi/h
 0.25

0.25
0.25 0.25
2.22 0.99

2.46
0.25 5.42 5.17 3.20 0.49 4.43 4.43

3.20
7.14 6.90
0.74 5.67 7.14

0.99 5.91
5.91
0.25
0.25

0.49
Coverage = 100%-0.13%-0.13%-0.13%-0.12%-0.9% = 98.6%
The optimum runway orientation is 13-31 and 04-22 with wind coverage 98.6%.

Conclusion:
1. Runway Dimension:
Length: 4700 m
Width: 45 m
Longitudinal Slopes:
Transversal Slopes: 1.5%
Runway Stripes: length 60 m width 75 m
RESA: 240 m
2. Runway Orientation is 13-31 and 04-22