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$cat

$wc

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rwrr1rootroot251feb2315:52/etc/hosts

rwrr1rootroot1635feb2719:05/etc/passwd

$head10/etc/shells

#/etc/shells:validloginshells
/bin/csh
/bin/sh

/usr/bin/es

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$rmesteArchivoNoExiste

rm:nosepuedeborraresteArchivoNoExiste:Noexisteelficherooeldirectori

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$cat/etc/passwd>copia_passwd

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ls:w*:Nosuchfileordirectory

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$cat/home/usuario/prueba.txt|grepilinea

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$lsld`echo$PATH|tr':'''`

drwxrxrx2rootroot4096feb2413:50/bin

drwxrxrx2rootroot69632mar121:39/usr/bin

drwxrxrx2rootroot4096feb2413:46/usr/games

drwxrwsrx2rootstaff4096mar121:04/usr/local/bin

drwxrwsrx2rootstaff4096ago42010/usr/local/games

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drwxrxrx2rootroot4096feb2413:50/bin

drwxrxrx2rootroot69632mar121:39/usr/bin

drwxrxrx2rootroot4096feb2413:46/usr/games

drwxrwsrx2rootstaff4096mar121:04/usr/local/bin

drwxrwsrx2rootstaff4096ago42010/usr/local/game

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$ls/home/usuario/Descargas/|xargsrmrf

(MHFXWDUPUISDUDFDGDDUFKLYRGHOGLUHFWRULR/home/usuario/Descargas.

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