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4D4-08 Proceedings of APMC 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec.

4-7, 2012

Compact quasi-Yagi antenna with short length microstrip-to-coplanar


stripline transition
Hyungsoo Park#, Jaegeun Ha#, and Jaehoon Choi# (corresponding author)
#
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong,
Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea, Republic of

AbstractA compact ultra-wideband (UWB) quasi-Yagi

A B C
antenna with microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition balun is
presented in this paper. A planar balun with very short length
(5.1 mm) has a 3dB back-to-back insertion loss bandwidth from
4.3 GHz to 10.8 GH. The proposed antenna has end-fire pattern Lm1
and a good front-to-back ratio of 11.7 dB at 8.5 GHz. The cross
polarization levels are -22 dBi and -25 dBi in the H-plane and E-
Wg
plane, respectively.
Lb1

Index Terms Balun, broadband antenna, end-fire antenna, Gm Gcps


IR-UWB, microstrip-to-coplanar stripline, quasi-Yagi. Wm1

Lm2 Lb2
I. INTRODUCTION
An impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology is X
considered as one of viable candidates for security Wg1 Wg2 Y
Z
surveillance devices and positioning systems using through-
(a)
wall imaging due to the accuracy and the ability of detection
at low light circumstances. However, its wide bandwidth may
cause a potential interference with other communication
systems. Hence, Detect and Avoid (DAA) or a limitation of
specific frequencies is required by a regulation of each
(b) (c)
country [1]-[2]. In South Korea, it is allowed to be used only Fig. 1. (a) Geometry of the proposed MS-to-CPS balun. (b) Top
in limited bands from 7.2 GHz to 10.1 GHz, not an entire view and (c) bottom view of the fabricated back-to-back
range of UWB band defined by FCC (3.1 GHz 10.6 GHz) configuration.
unless applying advanced algorithm such as DAA.
In the past, many kinds of transitions have been introduced
A variety of UWB antennas utilizing printed circuits have
in literatures [3]-[5]. A transition using a radial stub was
been developed. A quasi-Yagi antenna on a thin substrate is
demonstrated by providing multi-section impedance
categorized as a planar dipole antenna that has a broad
transformers [3]. Also in [4], Chiu et al. proposed a
bandwidth, moderate gain, and end-fire beam formation as
microstrip-to-coplanar stripline (MS-to-CPS) transition balun
well as easy fabrication to design array antenna. These
with 1dB insertion loss and 20-dB return loss over the broad
characteristics of quasi-Yagi antenna have become attractive
bandwidth of 6.9 GHz to 12.4 GHz. In addition, a UWB
features in the field of radar application.
transition balun using via holes was reported to have an
Another critical point of view about quasi-Yagi antennas is
insertion loss less than 1 dB in the frequency range from 6
how to design a transition balun well. The word balun is a
GHz to over 40 GHz [5]. All of these literatures presented
compound word which is made up of balanced and
good performances including wide bandwidth and excellent
unbalanced and is used as transmission line transformer to
insertion loss characteristics. However, relatively long
turn a single-ended signal into a pair of differential signal.
lengths of transition section (35.3mm, 45.5 mm, and 12.7 mm
These transition baluns are widely found at many applications
in [3], [4], and [5], respectively) were required to achieve
such as antennas, filters, mixers, frequency multipliers and
impedance matching.
integrated circuits. Since transition balun is used between two
geometries, the overall component performance is limited by
the balun structure.

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4D4-08 Proceedings of APMC 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 4-7, 2012

135
Chacracteristic Impedance (ohm)

130

125

120

115

110

105
0 1 2 3 4 5

Transition length (mm)


Fig. 2. The characteristic impedance of the Klopenstein-
tapered CPS line for various lengths of the tapered line.

0
Return loss & Insertion loss (dB)

10
Fig. 4. A layout of the quasi-Yagi antenna with a MS-to-CPS
20
transition balun.
mm, Lb1 = 0.38 mm, Lb2 = 0.3 mm, Lcps = 2.21 mm, Wg = 12
30 mm ,Wg1 = 4 mm, Wcps = 0.66 mm , and Wg2 = 1.33 mm.
Simul. Return loss
Section A is a 50 ohm MS line with finite ground plane and
40 Simul. Insertion loss section B is the transition region between MS and CPS. In
Meas. Return loss
Meas. Insertion loss section B, the electric field of the bended MS line is coupled
50 to the ground plane and the CPS line. In order to minimize
2 4 6 8 10 12
the reflection and achieve the impedance matching within a
Frequency (GHz)
short length of transition, a Klopenstein taper is employed [6].
Fig. 3. The simulated and measured scattering parameters Fig. 2 shows the characteristic impedance of transition
of the proposed MS-to-CPS transition in a back-to-back section for various transition lengths. The optimized length
configuration. using a full wave electromagnetic simulation tool is 5.1 mm
and the characteristic impedance of the input stage connected
In this paper, a UWB quasi-Yagi antenna using a novel to the MS is 108 ohm. Section C is the CPS transmission line,
MS-to-CPS transition balun with a short length transition and its characteristic impedance is designed to have about
section is presented. To transfer radio frequency (RF) signal 133 ohm to reduce the impedance mismatching. The gap
from microstrip to CPS, Klopenstein taper is used. The 3dB between the striplines is 1 mm and the strip width is 0.66 mm.
insertion loss bandwidth of the proposed MS-to-CPS The lengths of the sections A, B and C are 4 mm, 5.1 mm,
transition, obtained from back-to-back configuration, ranges and 2.21 mm, respectively. The overall dimension of the
from 4.3 GHz to 10.8 GHz. A prototype MS-to-CPS fed fabricated back-to-back balun is about 12 mm in the width
quasi-Yagi antenna is manufactured and its performance is and 22.7 mm in the length.
analyzed. The antenna has broad 10dB return loss bandwidth Fig. 3 shows the return loss and insertion loss properties of
of 54.7% covering entire IR-UWB band of South Korea. the proposed MS-to-CPS balun. The transition exhibited
insertion loss of less than 3 dB and return loss of larger than
II. MICROSTRIP-TO-COPLANAR STRIPLINE TRANSITION 10dB over 4.6 GHz to 10.8 GHz. Especially, the bandwidth
of 1dB insertion loss for the back-to-back transition was from
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed MS- 4.7 GHz to 8.6 GHz. The simulation and measurement results
to-CPS balun, we employ the back-to-back transition were in good agreement as shown in Fig. 3.
configuration as shown in Fig. 1. The balun is realized on a
Taconic CER10 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of
10 and a thickness of 0.635 mm. The dimensions of the MS- III. ANTENNA GEOMETRY AND CHARACTERISTICS
to-CPS balun are optimized using a finite element method Fig. 4 shows the schematic of the proposed UWB quasi-
(FEM) simulation tool, Ansoft HFSS ver. 13.1: Lm1 = 5.12 Yagi antenna. The antenna is fabricated on the same substrate
mm, Lm2 = 3 mm, Wm1 = 0.59 mm, Gm = 1.07 mm, Gcps = 1 used for the balun and is designed for UWB band application

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4D4-08 Proceedings of APMC 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 4-7, 2012

transition section. The transition length defined as the length


0 between MS and CPS was considerably shorter than that in
previous literatures and the transition balun had a wide 3-dB
10 insertion loss bandwidth ranging from 4.3 GHz to 10.8 GHz.
Additionally, the proposed quasi-Yagi antenna yields end-fire
Return loss (dB)

20
radiation pattern in the frequency range of 6.1 GHz to 10.7
GHz with a peak gain of 6.38.1 dBi in the frequency band of
30
interest. Therefore, the proposed antenna is well-suited for
IR-UWB and surveillance devices because of the easy
fabrication and compactness as well as good radiation
40
simul. return result characteristics.
meas. return result
50
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Frequency (GHz)
This research was supported by Samsung Inc., Korea.
Fig. 5. Measured and simulated return loss characteristics of the
proposed quasi-Yagi antenna.

90 90 REFERENCES
120 10 60 120 10 60
0 0 [1] FCC Report and Order for Part 15 Acceptance of Ultra
150 -10
30 150 -10
30 Wideband (UWB) Systems from 3.1 10.6 GHz, FCC,
-20 -20 Washington, DC, 2002.
-30 -30
[2] Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA), The
180 -40 0 180 -40 0
-30
status of frequency utilization in WPAN physical layer and
-30
-20 -20
domestic frequency allocation in 900MHz, Nov 2008.
210 -10 330 210 -10 330 [3] W.-H. Tu and K. Chang, Wide-band microstrip-to-coplanar
0 0 stripline/slotline transitions, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory &
240 10 300 240 10 300 Tech., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 10841089, March 2006.
270 270 [4] T. Chiu and Y.-S. Shen, A broad-band transition between
Co-pol Co-pol microstrip and coplanar stripline, IEEE Microw. Wireless
Cross-pol cross-pol
Compon. Lett., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 6668, February 2003.
[5] Y. G. Kim, D. S. Woo, K. W. Kim, Y. K. Cho, A new ultra-
wideband microstrip-to-CPS transition, 2007 IEEE MTT-S
Fig. 6. Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 8.5 GHz (a)
Conference Proceedings, pp. 1563-1566, June 2007.
H-plane (yz-plane) and (b) E-plane (xy-plane).
[6] D. M. Pozar, Microwave engineering, 3rd edition, New York: J.
in the frequency range from 7.2 to 10.2 GHz. The proposed Wiley & Sons, 2005, ch. 5.
antenna is composed of three components: a MS-to-CPS
balun, a driver dipole, and a director. The total volume of the
substrate is 30 mm x 40 mm x 0.635 mm. Each line of CPS is
open-ended to form dipole arms and a director separated from
the dipole by 2.4 mm enhances the antenna gain and form an
end-fire radiation pattern. Fig. 5 shows the return loss
characteristic of the proposed antenna. The measurement
shows that the return loss is larger than 10 dB over broad
bandwidth (6.1 GHz to 10.7 GHz). Also, an end-fire radiation
patterns can be observed in the simulation as shown in Fig. 6.
The front-to-back ratio (FBR) was 11.7 dB and the maximum
cross-polarization levels were -22 dBi and -25 dBi in the E-
and H-plane, respectively, at 8.5 GHz. The peak gains were
6.4 dBi, 6.3 dBi, and 8.1 dBi at 7.0 GHz, 8.5 GHz, and 10.5
GHz, respectively.

VI. CONCLUSION
An antenna using a novel compact MS-to-CPS transition
balun is presented. The transition balun does not require any
via holes and multiple impedance transformer as well as long

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