oman aammesBIBLIOGRAPHYMARTHA E. ROGERS Birthdate: May 12, 1914 (same birthday as Florence Nightingale) Birthplace: Dallas, Texas, USA 1931-1933: 2 years at the University of Tennessee for Science-Med 1936: nursing diploma obtained from Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing 1937: obtained a BS degree from the George Peabody College 1940-1945: Connecticut Visiting Nurses Association 1945: MA degree in Public Health Nursing supervision from Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 1945-1951: executive director of the Phoenix Visiting Nurse Association 1952: Master's degree in Public Health 1954: rewarded a doctor of Science Degree from Johns Hopkins University 1954-1971: professor/ head of Division of Nursing at New York University + Developed “Science of Unitary Human Beings’ and conducted investigations on unitary human development + Wrote 3 books: Educational Revolution in Nursing (1961), Reveille in Nursing (1964), and An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing (1970) 1975: retirement 1979: became Professor Emerita March 13, 1994; Passed away at the age of 79SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS “The Science of Unitary Human beings is rooted in a 4 dimensional, negentropic, non-causal, Open system model in which human and environment fields are irreducible and integral with one another." -Martha Rogers Concepts from Rogers’ theoretical model were “derived from the view that the universe is a collection of open systems within which we interact independently and continuously without causality. The slinky represents a continuous, open life process moving unidirectional” in a non-linear plane " (Malinski, 2007). « ealENVIRONMENT NURSINGPERSON * open system in continuous process with the open system that is the environment (integrity) + human-unitary human being + "irreducible, indivisible, pan dimensional (four- dimensional) energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics that are specific to the whole and which cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts" + "a unified whole having its own distinctive characteristics which cannot be perceived by looking at, describing, or summarizing the parts"HEALTH + passive health - symbolize wellness and the absence of disease and major illness + an expression of the life process + the characteristics and behavior coming from the mutual, simultaneous interaction of the human and environmental fields, and health and illness are part of the same continuum. + the multiple events occurring during the life process show the extent to which a person is achieving his or her maximum health potential. + the events vary in their expressions from greatest health to those conditions that are incompatible with the maintaining life process.ENVIRONMENT + the environment is an "irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those of the parts. Each environmental field is specific to its given human field. Both change continuously and creatively"NURSING + study of unitary, irreducible, indivisible human and environmental fields: people and their world. + Rogers claims that nursing exists to serve people, and the safe practice of nursing depends on the nature and amount of scientific nursing knowledge the nurse brings to his or her practice. the purpose of nursing is to promote health and well-being for all persons + the art of nursing is the creative use of the science of nursing for human betterment and the creative use of its knowledge is the art of its practice + exists for the care of people and the life process of humansENERGY FIELD + fundamental unit of the living and non living + it is indivisible: Energy fields cannot be separated into its parts + Provides way for perception of people and environment as irreducible wholes, inseparable and act as one whole + Varies in intensity, density and extent, is dynamicPATTERNS + “Gives identity to a field” (Rogers, 1992) + the pattern is the energy field's distinguishing characteristic and is perceived as a single wave + energy fields are not visible, but are recognizable by their patterns + reflects the dynamic change of nature and mans innovative wholeness + itis an abstraction; it reveals itself through manifestation + changing continually and may manifest disease, illness, or well-being + pattern change is continuous, innovative, and relativeUNIVERSE OF OPEN SYSTEMS + “Human and environmental fields are in mutual continuous and unpredictable relationship with each other” (Rogers, 1992) + Energy fields are infinite, they have no barriers, there is a constant exchange of energy and interaction between human field and environmental field + Therefore, there is no equilibrium (which only exists in closed systems) + Freedom to knowingly participate in change + Implications: + The human body is not a boundary for the human field + All things are connected with each other + Therefore, there is no concept of causality - the cause and effect are onePANDIMENSIONALITY + “Non-linear domain with no spatial or temporal attributes” (Roger, 1992) + “essentially a spaceless and timeless reality’ (Phillips, 2010) + provides for an infinite domain without limit + it best expresses the idea of a unitary whole + Collection of infinite number of dimensions + Time is NOT linear + With a deep connection, one can experience happenings in other dimensions + Implications: + The paranormal becomes normal: power of prayer, therapeutic touch, out of body experiences, phantom pain, precognition, deja vu, intuitiones in the life process of human beings are irreversible, ‘table, rhythmical in nature, and evidence growing ity of pattern and organization. Change proceeds by 4s patterning of the human and environmental energy form of resonating waves and reflects the continuous interaction between the two at any given point in space- time.’ (Keane, O'toole, 2005) + should be understood as a dynamic version of homeostasis (a relatively steady state of internal operation in the living system) + postulate a way of perceiving unitary human beings + Continuous activity or change in a pattern + 3 Principles: integrality, resonancy, and helicy + All 4 postulates can be found in these principles of homeodynamicsHOMEODYNAMICS #1: INTEGRALITY + “Continuous mutual human field and environmental field process’ (Rogers, 1992, p. 31). Human <-> environment: there is simultaneous change plications nthesis, unitary thinking: shifting the focus from the self to all _ + There is no survival of the fittest, rather it is about collaborating and co-evolving + Greater integration allows for awareness of things happening not bound by space or time (paranormal phenomena, meditation, prayer, etc)_ HOMEODYNAMICS #2: RESONANCY how a change in pattern occurs. ized by energy field change that involves lower to juency wave patterns’ (Rogers, 1992, p. 31). « Flowof er energy, without direction, between the human and its environment + Continuous flow of energy manifests as various frequencies + Frequency allows us to understand patternsHOMEODYNAMICS #3: HELICY + Describes the nature of change | i + describes spiral movement in continuous, __ nonrepeating, and innovative patterning + “Continuous innovative, unpredictable, increasing diversity of human and environmental field patterns” (Rogers, 1992, 31) + Evolution, change or development from interaction of the human and environmentPRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCY" PRINCIPLE OF SYNCHRONY Peden terested Tsp pest caren Seencpecnoecaerae tybtontiena aes cf PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRALIT (SYNCHRONY + RECIPROCY) eat epee rae ages oa iSimmever eran cwge ey Siyearnearasismposrinoe nePRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCY + Postulates the inseparability of man and environment and predicts that sequential changes in life process are continuous, probabilistic revisions occurring out of the interactions between man and environment.eS PRINCIPLE OF SYNCHRONY + This principle predicts that change in human behavior will be determined by the simultaneous interaction of the actual state of the human field and the actual state of the environmental field at any given point in space-time.PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRALITY (SYNCHRONY + RECIPROCY) - Because of the inseparability of human beings and their environment, sequential changes in the life processes are continuous revisions occurring from the interactions between human beings and their environment. + Between the two entities, there is a constant mutual interaction and mutual change whereby simultaneous molding is taking place in both at the same time. FASSUMPTIONSThe assumptions of Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings are as follows: + Man is a unified whole possessing his own integrity and manifesting characteristics that are more than and different from the sum of his parts. + Manand environment are continuously exchanging matter and energy with one another. + The life process evolves irreversibly and unidirectionally along the space-time continuum. + Pattern and organization identify man and reflect his innovative wholeness. + Man is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation and emotion.STRENGTHS + Concepts allow a worldview for nurses to derive theories and hypotheses and propose relationships specific to different situations. Concepts from Rogers theoretical model were ‘derived - from the view that the universe is a collection of open. systems within which we interact independently and continuously without causality. The slinky represents a continuous, open life process moving unidirectional” in anon-linear plane (Malinski, 2007). “Helps humans to transcend the confines of planet- earth living and to participate in the alive universe of energy.”WEAKNESSES - Abstract conceptual system - Complexity + Lack of operational definitions + Deductive in logic with lack of immediate empirical support * Central concepts like energy fields have limited practical applicationUnitary Human Traditional Science Nursing PN SSecloa uid § Based on biomedical model NR heen sc eee eae eel eit teece tN teeny Teste eaten ec CRC eu age re ec CCC eae ce Meer ctiatt a Pecorino elanuct feteIndividualized and creative care plan due to unique energy fields Innovative and inexpensive Strengths Person and environment are interconnected Patient involved in flcela| Need mutual process ! between patient and let Ry) Need to be open to the modalities being used Weaknesses | | ! Learn and tested more on skills (blood pressure, assessments, etc.)NURSING PROCESS * assessment + voluntary mutual patterning + evaluation AREAS OF ASSESSMENT - the assessment should be a comprehensive assessment of the human and environmental fields. + total pattern of events at any given point in space- time + simultaneous states of the patient and his or her environment + rhythms of the life process + supplementary data + categorical disease entities + subsystem pathology + pattern appraisal. siiMUTUAL PATTERNING OF THE HUMAI ENVIRONMENTAL FIELDS INCLUL + sharing knowledge + offering choices * empowering the patient + fostering patterning + evaluation + repeat pattern appraisal, which includes nutrition, work/leisure activities, wake/sleep cycles, relationships, pain, and fear/hopes + identify dissonance and harmony + validate appraisal with the patient + self-reflection for the patientREFERENCES: + George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange. + Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams& wilkins. + Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. + Taylor Carol, Lillis Carol (2001)The Art & Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. + Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing -Concepts Process & Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book. http://nurseslabs.com/martha-e-rogers-theory-unitary-human-beings/ + Martha Elizabeth rogers (1914- 1994) 1996 inductee. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:// + Image form martharogerstheory.blogspot.com + Rogers, M. F. (1989). Rogerian foundations questions for dr. martha e. rogers. Rogerian Nursing Science News, 1(3), 6. + Malinski V.M. (2007) Theoretical Questions and Concerns: Response from the Science of Unitary Human Beings Perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly. 20(4) 311-313 doi: 10.1177/0894318407307161oman aammes