KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER 21.
Hydrodynamics is term generally associated with the
PUMPS
1. In a centrifugal pump, pumping action is accomplished by
imparting kinetic energy to the fluid through a high speed
revolving impeller with vanes.
2. A submersible pump is a vertical turbine pump with the
pump and motor closed and designed to be installed
underground, as in the case of deep-well pumps.
3. A booster pump is a pump is a pump that takes suction
from a public service main or private use water system for
the purpose of increasing the effective water pressure.
4. A vertical shaft water turbine pump is centrifugal pump
with one or more impellers discharging into one or more
bowls and vertical eductor or column pipe used to connect
the bowls to the discharge head on which the pump driver
is connected.
5. Majority of centrifugal pumps build today are the volute
type. They are available as horizontal or vertical pumps,
single or multi stage for wide flow ranges.
6. The mechanics of water or other liquids whether at rest or
in motion is known as hydraulics.
7. A perfect vacuum is a space entirely devoid of gases,
liquids, or solids.
8. In-line pump is a centrifugal pump in which the driving unit
is supported by the pump having its suction and discharge
flanges on approximately the same center.
9. Horizontal pump is a pump with shaft normally in
horizontal positions.
10. Horizontal split-cage pump is a centrifugal pump
characterized by a housing that is split parallel to the shaft.
11. Ground water is a water that is available from a well, driven
into water-bearing subsurface strata.
12. Pumping water level is the water level from which the
pump suctions when it is not in operation.
13. Static water level is the water level from which the pump
suctions when it is not in operation.
14. Capacity is the rate of flow of fluid measure per unit time,
usually gpm or lps.
15. Piezometer is a device set in a pipe to enable a bourdon
gauge or a manometer attached to the piezometer to show
the net or normal pressure.
16. Pitot tube is a device used to measure the pressure of
water discharging from a nozzle or flowing in a pipe by
having its open end in the water and the other end
connected to a gauge or manometer.
17. Suction lift exists when the total suction is below
atmospheric pressure.
18. Suction head exists when the total suction head is above
atmospheric pressure.
19. Hydrostatics is the science of water at rest.
20. Hydrokinetics is a science of water in motion.
science of force exerted by water in motion, such as driving
a turbine connected to an electric generator.
22. Gauge pressure is the term implying the pressure on a
gauge in open air, the gauge being connected to a closed
pipe.
23. Impeller is a centrifugal basic part that imparts velocity to
the liquid, resulting from centrifugal force as the impeller is
rotated.
24. Casing is a basic centrifugal part that gives direction to the
flow from the impeller, and converts this velocity energy
into pressure energy that is usually measured in meter or
head.
25. The centrifugal pump is one of the most popular pumps
because of its simplicity, low cost, and ability to operate
under a wide variety of conditions.
26. The discharge of centrifugal pump can be throttled without
building up an excessive pressure or overloading its driving
unit.
27. The runner of the diffuser pump is surrounded by gradually
expanding passages formed by stationary guide vanes.
28. Centrifugal pumps are classified as volute type, single stage
or multi-stage; diffuser type, single stage or multi-stage;
peripheral turbine; mixed flow; and propeller or axial types.
29. An aquifer is an underground formation that contain
sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant
quantities of water.
30. End suction pump is a single suction pump having its
suction nozzle on the opposite side of the casing from the
stuffing box and having the face of the suction nozzle
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
31. Mechanical losses in centrifugal pumps include the
frictional losses in the bearings and packing boxes and are
usually taken to be 2% to 4% of the brake power.
32. The head in radial-type impeller centrifugal pumps ranges
from 500 to 3000 rpm.
33. The ratio of the discharge diameter to inlet eye diameter of
a radial-type impeller centrifugal pump is about 2.
34. The specific speed of Francis-type impeller centrifugal
pump ranges from 1500 to 4500 rpm.
35. The specific speed of a mixed-flow type impeller centrifugal
pump ranges from 4500 to 8000 rpm.
36. All the head developed by a propeller-type impeller
centrifugal pump is due to the push of the vanes and the
flow is almost entirely axial.
37. The specific speed of a propeller type impeller centrifugal
pump is above 8000 rpm.
38. The propeller type impeller centrifugal pump is used for
low heads (from 3 to 40ft), low speed (200 to 1800 rpm),
and large capacities.
39. When a pump is operating at speeds other than at which it
is tested, the capacity is proportional to the speed.
40. Filter pump is an aspirator or vacuum pump that creates a
negative pressure on the filtrate side of the filter to hasten
the process of filtering.
41. Drawdown is the vertical difference between the pumping
water level and the static water level.
42. Aquifer performance analysis is a test designed to
determine the amount of underground water available in a
given field and proper well spacing to avoid interference in
that field.
43. Wet pit is a timber, concrete, or masonry enclosure having
a screened inlet to keep it partially filled with water by an
open body of water such as pond, lake or stream.
44. Cavitation refers to the condition within the pump where
cavities filled with vapor are formed due to the pressure
drop in the suction side.
45. Cavitation may appear along stationary parts of the pumps
casing or along the impellers moving vanes.
46. Pump operating head is the algebraic difference of
discharge and suction heads. This can also be called Total
Dynamic Head (TDH).
47. A reciprocating pump, also known as a piston pump, is a
pump in which motion and pressure are applied to the fluid
by a reciprocating piston in a cylinder.
48. A piston rod s a rod that is connected to the piston, and
either moves or is moved by the piston.
49. Piston speed is the distance traveled by the piston in a
given time usually expressed in fpm and m/s.
50. The volume that the piston in a cylinder displaces in a single
stroke is known as volume displacement. It is equal to the
product of the distance the piston travels(stroke) and the
internal cross section of the cylinder.
51. A direct acting pump is a displacement reciprocating pump
in which steam or power piston is connected to the pump
piston by means of a rod, without a crank, motion or
flywheel.
52. A displacement pump is a pump that develops its action
through the alternate filling and emptying of an enclosed
volume in a piston-cylinder system.
53. A positive displacement pump is a pump in which a
measured quantity of liquid is entrapped in a space, its
pressure raised, and delivered like a reciprocating piston
cylinder, rotary vane, gear, lobe pumps.
54. A gear pump is a rotary pump in which two meshing gear
wheels rotate in opposite direction so that the liquid is
entrained on one side and discharged on the other side.
55. Rotary pumps are displacement pumps that deliver a
steady flow by the action of two members in rotational
contact.
56. A screw-type pump is a displacement pump that raises
liquid by means of helical impeller in the pump casing.
57. A duplex pump is a reciprocating pump with two parallel
cylinders.
58. A submersible pump is one in which the pump itself and its
electric driving motor are together in a protective housing
that permits the unit to operate underwater.
59. A regenerative pump, also known as turbine pump, has a
rotating vane device that uses a combination of mechanical
impulse and centrifugal force to produce high liquid heads
at low discharge.
60. A vertical turbine pump, also known as a deep-well pump,
is a multi-stage centrifugal pump used for lifting water from
deep and small diameter wells. A surface electric motor
operates the shaft.
61. A hydraulic machine is power by a motor activated by the
confined flow of a stream of a liquid, such as oil or water
under pressure.
62. A hydraulic motor is activated by water or other liquid
under pressure.
63. A jet pump is a pump in which an accelerating jet entrains a
second fluid to deliver it at elevated pressure.
64. A hydraulic pump, also known as a hydraulic ram, is used to
force running water to a higher level by using kinetic energy
of flow. The flow water in the supply pipeline is periodically
stopped so that a small portion of water is lifted by the
velocity head of a larger portion.
65. The science and technology concerning mechanics of fluids,
especially liquids, is known as hydraulics.
66. Steady flow is a flow of fluids on which all the conditions at
any point in a pipe line are constant with respect to time.
67. Triplex pump are three-cylindered pumps used to produce
overlapping deliveries and minimize pulsation.
68. A direct-acting, steam-driven reciprocating pumps is one in
which the steam piston connects directly to the liquid
piston or plunger.
69. A plunger-type pump is a reciprocating pump where the
packing is on the stationary casing instead of on the moving
piston.
70. A diaphragm pump is a reciprocating pump used as a
diaphragm to isolate the operating parts from pumped
liquid in a mechanically actuated diaphragm.
71. The diaphragm in a diaphragm pump is made of special
rubber that resist corrosion, abrasion, and in special cases,
oil and high temperature.
72. Sludge pumps are primarily designed for pumping sludge or
substance too heavy to be handled successfully by
centrifugal pumps.