ROLE OF DAIRYING IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

OF WEAKER SECTION FARMERS FAMILIES

IN MATHURA DISTRICT OF UP

1. INTRODUCTION:

It is true; our country is self-dependent in food grain after green revolution. 70%
population of India belongs to rural area. About 65% rural population depends on
agriculture sector. Food production different revolutions as like green revolution,
round revolution, blue revolution etc. has increased, after various revolution our
country position improved in food production and different sectors like vegetable,
milk, cereal crop, pulse crop and oil seed crops etc. The food grain production fulfills
the complete requirements of food consumption but only single food is not sufficient
for balance diet. So, it should be compulsory for all complete, diet requirements,
sufficient nutrient provide to human body for proper movement of life. Complete
diet fulfill by protein, carbohydrate, minerals, fat, fiber etc... All nutrient resources
come from various products. Some populations are vegetarian and other
populations are non-vegetarian. Non-vegetarian person balancing diets are
consumed from protein, vitamins, carbohydrate, minerals fulfilling by both side, but
vegetarian persons only depends one side. Requirement of calories for human every
day 2100 cal./day in urban area and 2400 cal./day in rural area. So milk is a good
source of animal protein for vegetarian persons to balanced diet. Milk, vegetables,
dry fruits, grains, pulses, fruits etc. are provide sufficient nutritive complete
balancing diet to Indian families, but more and less scarcity to be present in
balancing diet, because food grain production is sufficient to our nation for
consumption as well as milk. But food, milk, vegetables etc. are not available in
proper way.

India has first rank in milk production in the world, but availability of milk per
capita is very serious before flood operation but after white revolution (Flood
Operation) in 1970-1972 our country achieved good position. White revolution

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started by Dr. V. Kurin in India. After flood operation our country growth is very
high and first rank in world reduced other country. All information is true and good.

Poverty is the very serious problem in India, 26% of the Indian population are under
the poverty line. Day by day poverty problem is dangerous for our nation. Present
problem is un-availability of food and milk for weaker section, because wasting of
food is increasing day by day. National Food Security Mission 2007 by region behind
production of food grain, vegetable, fruits and milk are wasting due to improper
storage, insect control and proper transportation facility, so, the measure factors
although the food are getting in large amount, but more of the food is not nutritive
condition.

Distribution, consumption and availability of milk in farmer's family is not

sufficient, because fodder cost is high and un-availability due to the green fodder
and seasonal problems, there will be a lean period. Many factors are present in India,
as land holding size day by day decreasing and operation holding used for family
consumption so reduce to animal position and area. 30% animal husbandry output
constitute about of agriculture output.1

During the last 30 years change occurred in dairy sector. Dairy is a small
enterprise helped to weaker section. Its position of the world is very good. Milk and
dairy enterprise is number one farm commodity & occupation. It is provide to good
employment for weaker section. Contribution of dairy in agriculture, Indian
economy and weaker section farmers family are very better and improved the life
standard, economy status as well as increasing the income, work skill capacity.
Various programmers started by government for weaker sections, rural women,
youth & children and animal husbandry in dairy enterprise, support to women
milkmen marginal, small & landless farmers and laborer, different research, several
organization developed new technology in dairy sector. Animal breeding is good
achievement and suitable for weaker farmers family, provide to new breeds as goats,
cows, seeps, buffaloes etc., animals health care, milk marketing facilities, artificial
insemination adopted new improved practices and methods, so dairy sector day by
day progresses achieved to goal. Animal husbandry and dairy enterprise play very

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important role in national, socio-economy, development for weaker section farmer
family. Dairy is not only increase the milk but also to provide sufficient the
employment rural & urban area and covered weaker family. To increase the income
level of rural families, specially marginal, small and landless farmers by the dairy
enterprise.2 The various program me started by state government as Kamdhenu,
Mini Dairy and Self Employment Program me through dairy. Main purpose of this
program me is to provide employment opportunities to the rural youth and increase

the milk production of the state. Ist off all some training center provide to training in
this program me. Program me work is given one month training to improve dairy
farming practice at various level. There after, they were linked with financial
institutions to setup dairy units of 5 to 50 milk animals. At the present focus of dairy
is small scales. Dairy farms are good profitable for small and marginal farmers. But
new technology, improved dairy farm practices are compulsory. There is a
compulsory analysis the impact of self employed programme through dairy on
adoption of new dairy technology practices among the beneficiaries. The main object
study of dairy in present is analysis of income, position and roll in weaker section
farmers family.3

1 Maitry, R.S. and Mirjha, P.R. Brief book of Agriculture. (2014-015)

2 Sah,A.K.1998. Dairy Scenario-Rising Hope Yojana, November 1998, PP 42-44.

Joshi, B.K. 2002. Breeding strategies for conversation and improvement of cattle and
buffalo genetic resources. Paper presented in all India Dairy Husbandry officers workshop,
held on 26-27 November 2002 at NDRI, Karnal.

3 Indian journal of dairy science, 55, 4, (2002)

2. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED WORK:

If the population increased the number of small and marginal farmers are also
increased, about 80% land holding belong to small and marginal farmers. Land is not
sufficient to provide employment and income to small and marginal farmers. Dairy
enterprise is the only source for increase the employment and income on such farm.
The government has launched the various programme in rural area for the

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development of the dairying, cattle development programme for milk production
and milk co-operative society. Total employment provide by agriculture sector 53%
Additionally 65% of the live stock is owned by 58% of rural population having small
holding, marginal & landless farmers and the gains for live stock are this more
equally distributed. Our concern for animals there for, groups more in terms of
animal for poverty all alleviation and multinational security programme.

Small & marginal farmers will be defined a small land based. Dairy is a
profitable enterprise for small and marginal farmers. So this is able to allied
activities like- dairy, crop production, live stock operation of various activities
because income of small & margined farmers will depend upon various recourse
factor like animal number, feeding, breeding, management of dairy enterprises,
sufficient credit, proper utilization of fund and new technology equal contribution of
resource or money. Small & marginal farmers goal and achievement depend up on
new technology and new research based though dairy enterprise.

Various study after observed that small & marginal farmers economic suited
and local situation of field level and several agro climatic reason and improved the
dairy farming practice. Small and marginal farmers income increasing while dairy
enterprises and live stock improvement a lot of research studies after conducted so
far are scattered and have covered one expect or the other. Various programme has
launched by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura for
development of dairy.

Today position of milk production and dairy enterprises improved day by

day. Availability of milk 359 gram/day per capita in India. Our country population
rising a long duration of the period. It is providing livelihood and nutritional
security to about 65% rural area in the country. Present the country has 512 million
livestock and 729 million poultry population India has 151 registered breeds of
livestock and poultry including, 39 breeds of cattle, 13 of buffaloes, 40 of sheep, 24
of goat, 06 of horse and ponies, 09 of camel, 03 of pig, 01 of donkey and 16 of poultry
beside population or breeds of other species like yak, mithun, duck etc. are yet to be
classified about 20.25% of total livestock population in our country can be classified

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as describe and recognized breeds so we can say that all population of animal and
1
milk production depend on good bread of animal and milk production is increased.

1. Indian Dairyman, 2015-16, page 29-30.

Initially observed the role of dairying in the small & marginal farmers and
farm economy also explored the aspect for developed the employment and earning
on the farm by dairying based on their resource and structure of farm. Promote the
dairy business for weaker section of farmer family provide to information of
valuable technology. The present study Role of Dairying in Economic
Development of Weaker Section Farmers Family in Mathura District of UP.

3. OBJECTIVES:

The specific objective of the study will be -

1) To study the socio-economic structure on the farms under study.

2) To examine the production of milk under different herd sizes groups.
3) To examine cost & returns from milk production under herd size groups on
the farms.
4) To know the contribution of dairy in total farm economy under different herd
size groups on the farms
5) To know the employment generated through dairying under different
herd size groups on the farms under study.

4. HYPOTHESIS:

1) The milk production varies with size of farms under different herd size
Groups.
2) The production of milk increases with increase in the size of herd on the
farms.
3) The employment increases through dairy per capita with the increase in the
herd size on the farms.
4) The per animal maintenance cost decreases with increase in herd size on
farms under study.
5) The contribution of dairy enterprise on the farms depends on the herd size
groups.

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5. METHODOLOGY:

The present study will be confined to Mathura district since various programmers
related with cattle developments were launched by the government. The veterinary
university is also playing great role in dairy development in the district.

6. SELECTION OF BLOCK:

First of all the list of block in the district will be taken from the CDO Office district
head quarter. After taking the total number of block in district, the maximum work
done in the block regarding the dairy development will be selected purposively.

7. SELECTION OF VILLAGES:

First of all list of the number of villages in the selected block will be taken from block
head quarter .then 5 village will be selected randomly.

8. SELECTION OF CASES:

First of all the small and marginal farmers will be prepared for the selected villages,
then 120 case will be selected randomly for the purpose of analysis. The small and
marginal farmers will be categorized in to Ist herd size group having one milch
animal, IInd herd size group having two milch animals and IIIrd herd size group
having three or more milch animals.

9. COLLECTION OF DATA:

The present study will be based on primary data. The primary data will be collected
through pre-tested schedules and questionnaires by personal interview method. The
whole information will be collected within 5 to 6 meetings with the respondents.

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10. METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF DATA:

Tabular as well as functional analysis will be used as per requirement for analysis
and interpretation of data.

11. REFERENCE PERIOD:

The study will be calculated during the year 2016-17.

12. EXPECTED DURATION OF WORK:

Approximately 2 (two) years.

13. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

7
Kumar et al., (2001) an economics analysis of production and disposal pattern of
milk in Haryana was carried out, the production, consumption and marketed
surplus of milk from different size groups of milk from different, India were
examined, the data related to year 1998-99 were obtained from a sample of 30
producers. It was concluded that production consumption and marketed surplus of
milk increased with an increase in the size of herd, the process in the production and
marketing of milk were also identified.

12
Yogendra Kumar (2003) the study was conducted on the resource use efficiency in
milk production in Ghaziabad district of Western U.P. the study revealed that
marginal value productivity of green fodder, dry fodder and concentrate come to Rs.
0.35, Rs. 0.09 & Rs. 4.51 respectively in case of non-members, the marginal value
productivity of green fodder, dry fodder and concentrate come Rs. 0.41, Rs. 0.28 &
Rs. 5.48, respectively, they concluded that there is more scope to feed the
concentrated to milch animals in case of members and non-members to increase the
production of milk on the farms.

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 8
Reddy and Moorthy (2004) a study was conducted to know the impact of being the
member of dairy co-operative societies on milk production, consumption &
marketed surplus pattern in Krishana district of A.P., the milk production
consumption .pattern as was perceived by the farmers of Krishana district were
significantly (P < 0.01) different between the farmers groups based on land holdings
& social studious, where as the marketed surplus was found to be non-significant in
member households, the values of production consumption of marketed surplus of
milk among different animals Holders (1-4 milch buffaloes) both in member & non-
member households were significantly (P <.01) different, the milk consumption was
higher in member household & a significant (P < 0.01) different was observed
between two categories of farmers based on & holdings social status & animals.
Holdings, the marketed surplus was significantly (P < 0.01) higher among member
farmers belonging to small, marginal farmers, than the three animals holing &
corresponding categories of non-member households.

4
Debnarayan Sarker et al., (2008) analyzes the cost, return and relative profitability
of cooperative and non-cooperative milk producers' in West Bengal of India; it is
found that cooperative farms have much higher profitability. Furthermore, non-BPL
farms working under both cooperative and non-cooperative dairying are benefited
higher than BPL farms.

5
Gangasagare PT et al., (2009) review the situation of dairying in
Marathwada with the objectives to study various trends of milk production and
socio-economic status of the dairy farmers. The survey work was carried out for the
milk pocket areas of eight districts of Marathwada region. About 59 per cent of the
dairy farmers belong to general (unresersved) category, 25 per cent were backward
class and only 8 per cent each of SC and S.T. The landless dairymen equally
contributed with dairymen having (large) land; 13 landless dairymen reported
comparable lactation yield with 08 dairymen holding 10 ha land. The significant
differences among the means indicated that as the number of milch animals
increased, the herd lactation performance decreased. The animals maintained by

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joint family were not properly cared for while they were cared properly by single
family.

11
Venkatesh P. et al., (2011) examine the cost structure and resource use efficiency of dairy
farms at the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. The dairy farmers were selected by using multi
stage random sampling technique. Tabular analysis and Cobb-Douglas production function
were used in this study. Total costs per lactation per animal estimated were of the order of
Rs.12776.09, Rs 11791.20 and Rs.12079.28 and returns per rupee of investment 0.78, 1.08
and 0.95 respectively on small, large and pooled farms. Feed cost was the higher input cost in
dairy farming (61.6%). The cost of production milk per litre was less in case of large farms
(Rs. 4.62) compared to small farms (Rs. 5.39). Results indicated the inverse relationship with
the size and the herd of the total costs, due to economies of scale. Functional analysis showed
barring human labour on small farms all the selected input variables such as green fodder, dry
fodder, concentrates and health care were positive and significant impact on the production of
milk indicating the potentiality of their further use.

1
Altaf Hussain et al., (2012) this study was conducted in Timergara District Dir
(Lower) Pakistan to estimate the cost of milk production. The methodology used for
this study is mainly quantitative. Data was collected through questionnaire from a
sample size of 80 farmers in the town of Timergara. The cubic cost function model
was used to analyze the collected data. The study shows that average values of dry
and milking buffaloes were 2 and 42 respectively while the average milk production
per buffalo was 0.11 mounds (5.5 kg). The major cost components of milk production
were green fodder, dry fodder, concentrates, medicines, management, equipment,
building and other miscellaneous. The total fixed cost (TFC) and average variable
cost (AVC) per farm was 39761 and 468.51 rupees respectively. The marginal cost
(MC) was minimum at output level 680 and the average variable cost (AVC) was
minimum at i.e. Rs.468. The optimal level of milk production was 1232 mounds
(61600 kg). The results show that none of the sampled farmers operated at the
optimum level of operation.

6
Kaware SS et al., (20I4) revealed that, at the overall level, total cost of milk
production of cow and buffalo was comprised of 85 per cent working cost and 15 per

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cent fixed cost of the total cost. Per household feeding cost shared 71 per cent of the
total cost for dairy animals. The feed and fodders accounted for a major portion of
the total cost followed by human labour. Per liters cost of milk production was
worked out to Rs. 9.61 and Rs. 19.47 for cow and buffalo milk, respectively. The
average net income per cow and buffalo per annum was worked out to Rs. 12490
and Rs. 9496, respectively. The benefit cost ratio was higher for cow as compared to
buffalo. The input-output ratio of cow and buffalo for milk production was 1.33 and
1.22 for different categories of sample households. The estimated milk production
function indicated that, the average productivity of crossbred cows and buffalos
could be increased well above the present level by way of feeding the animals with
higher quantities of green fodder, dry fodder and concentrates to maximize the milk
production. The marginal value productivity of significant variables which indicate
that there is great scope for increasing milk production. Non availability of pure
breed in local market, difficulties in obtaining loans, malpractice followed by agents
in market, low prices, high wage rate of labour, high cost of feed and fodder etc.
were the major problems faced by the milk producers.

2
Bhaskar, (20I5) revealed that the milk production of cross breed cows and murrah
buffaloes in different holding size groups viz. landless, marginal, small, medium and
large was carried out and found that per lactation milk yield of cross-breed cows
was significantly greater in all holding size groups than animals. Greater milk
production was observed in large holding size groups of both species of animals.
The cost of milk production per litre was significantly lower in cross-breed cows
than that of murrah buffaloes in all five holding size groups. This was due to higher
milk yield and lower net maintenance cost of corss-breed cows than murrah
buffaloes. The cost of milk production per litre was significantly decreased with
increase in holding size in both species of animals. The input-output ratio was
greater in cross-breed cows and large holding size groups which revealed that
maintenance of cross-breed cows on large holdings was more economic than that of
hurrah buffaloes.

3
Chacko ET. Al. (2016) revealed that the India ranks first in milk production in
the world. Government of India plans to increase the milk production at the rate 23%
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per year. The various cost effective and practically feasibly strategies which can be
implemented for increasing milk production in India especially Kerala. The study
was emphasis on Technologies such as unconventional and complete feed. The
problems and solution in feed and fodder sector in India are reviewed separately.
Several general recommendation, which can be practically implemented in field for
the betterment of the sector in India especially Kerala are also discussed.

9
Shah Bhumit (2017) review the situation of dairying in AMUL with the
objectives to study various trends of Organizational Structure can enhance the
working state of an association and a poor structure can ruin the potential outcomes
of expansion and diversification and even decision making. Another vital part is
played by the innovation. More an association has the capacity to adjust itself to the
changing innovation the better will be its efficiencies. In the present research paper
an attempt has been made to study the importance of the organizational design and
structure has been outlined in the setting of AMUL, which is a successful model of
Co-operatives in India. The factors related to organizational design were studied
conceptually in the context to a co-operative form of organization. It was found in
this research study that the design of the basic structure of AMUL is somewhat
different as it believes in the federal form of structure each unit is independent of
each other, leading to empowerment and organizational effectiveness. In this
research study a modest attempt has been made to study and review the role of
Milk Marketing Federation Model and the Dairy Development Board which acts
as a catalyst for the sustainable growth and Development of AMUL. It is a prevalent
view that co-operatives are a disappointment, yet AMUL with Co-operative
Structure is a fabulous achievement. AMUL has a suitable mix of approach creators,
innovation and an emotionally supportive network to the milk makers without
exasperating their agro-monetary framework and furrowing back the benefits, by
reasonable utilization of men, materials and machines.

10
Tadesse Mihret et.al. (2017) this study was conducted in Ethiopia country.
Ethiopia has a large livestock population, a relatively favorable climate for
improved, high yielding dairy cattle breeds and regions with less animal disease-
stress that make the country to have a substantial potential for dairy development.
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Taking this in to account, this paper is prepared with the objectives of over viewing
the Ethiopian dairy sector and its contribution for the economy of the country.
Considering the huge potential of the country, investing in development
interventions to the dairy sector will contribute to poverty alleviation by increasing
the income of smallholder dairy producers and creating employment and
transforming the existing largely subsistent type of milk production to commercial
level. In 2010, dairying created an estimated 588, 000 full-time on-farm jobs.
Smallholder farmers represent about 85% of the population and are responsible for
98% of the milk production. Productivity however is relatively low, quality feeds are
difficult to obtain and support services are inadequate. The milk marketing system is
not well developed giving the majority of smallholder milk producers, limited access
to the market. Review of the dairy sector in Ethiopia indicates that there is a need to
focus interventions more coherently. Development interventions should be aimed at
addressing technological gaps and marketing problems. The government needs to
take actions on this sector and should make developmental interventions in the
various components such as breeding, animal health, feeding, milk collection,
storage, processing and distribution.

REFERENCES

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1. Hussain, Altaf, Shah, Fayez Ali, and Hussein, Jawed (2012) An Empirical Study of
Cost of Milk Production in Timergara District Dir, Pakistan, IOSR Journal of
Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) ISSN: 2319-2380 Volume 1, Issue 1
(Sep.-Oct. 2012), PP 36-44.
2. Bhaskar, M.L. (20I5), Effect of holding size on cost of milk production of cross-
bred cows and murrah buffaloes, The Journal of Rural and Agricultural Research,
Vol.s 15, No. 2, Page 51-53.
3. Chacko Biju, Syam Mohan, K.M., Ally, K., Shyama, K., Saseendran, P.C., Anil, K.S.
And Sathian, C.T. (2016) Strategies for increasing milk production of cattle in India
with special reference to Kerla, Journal of Indiana Veterinary Association, Vol. 14,
Issue 3, December, 2016.
4. Sarker, Debnarayan and Ghosh, Bikash Kumar (2008) Economics of Milk
Production in West Bengal, Evidence from Cooperative and noncooperative Farms.
Journal of Economics and Business Vol. XI (1&2): 132-152.
5. Gangasagare, P.T. and Karanjkar, L.M. (2009) Status of milk Production and
economic profile of dairy farmers in the marathwada region of Maharashtra,
Veterinary World, Vol.2(8):317-320.
6. Kaware, S.S. and Yadav, D.B. (2014) Economic analysis of milk production in
Western Maharashtra, Internationl Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and
Statistics Volume 5(1): 55-59.
7. Kumar, Y; Singh, P. & Singh, R.K. (2001) The Journal of Rural & Agriculture
Research, 2001.
8. Reddy & Moorthy (2004) Indian Journal of Dairy Science, January-pril, 2004.
9. Shah Bhumit (2017) A Study on Drivers of Organizational Structure and Design as
Tool to Enhance Organizational Effectiveness: A Case Study of AMUL, International
Journal for Innovative Research in Multi Disciplinary Field, ISSN 2455-0620
Volume - 3, Issue - 4, Apr 2017.
10. Tadesse Mihret, Fentahun Mitku and Tadesse Guadu (2017) Dairy Farming and its
Economic Importance in Ethiopia, A Review World Journal of Dairy & Food
Sciences 12 (1): 42-51, 2017.
11. Venkatesh, P. and Sangeetha, V. (2011) Milk Production and Resource Use
Efficiency in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu, An Economic Analysis. Journal of
Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development Vol. 6(1), 025-030.
12. Kumar, Yogendra (2003) The Journal of Rural and Agriculture Research, 2003.
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2. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY:

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 Milk is an essential part of human diet more milk production depend high
population of milch animal while According to world Bank the average of farm size
in India is about 1.66 hact. total household in rural Area is 70 million: 2 hact. land
operated by only 42% household 37% landless farmers. Possess 53% of the total
milch Animal though marginal, small and landless and 51% milk produce of the
total milk production. Dairy Animal husbandry is very important role in Indian
Peasant life and Indian economy stand up of living standard weaker section of Rural
area and provide to employment in Rural area and Supply of milk increasing in
urban& Rural area. So we can say that Income of farmers is Increase by Dairy
enterprises. Marginal small and Agricultural landless labourer play a vital role in
dairy of the India .90% women in the farm provide of labour in live stock rearing.
Mainly landless family & laboures are depend up on dairy farming when increase
the demand of milk and milk product then after increase the income of per capital of
farm generating additional gainful employment, supplementing family income of
weaker farmers of the farm. Special weaker section society. Remove the chronic task
of rural weaker section society, improved poor level, socio economic status,
unemployment under employment by the diary sector, increase the national income
level of farmers various government Fund provide to weaker section for supporting
dairy, 50% fund distribute during 1990-91 in Haryana under IRDP. Main purpose of
funds used to scientific method selection of pure breed, feed crop practiced milch
animal requirement of the input purchasing and important instrument social and
economic empowerment. It is very important source of income and employment for
weaker section society. After observation no. of bovines on beneficial household was
significantly higher then that of non beneficiaries . The value of buffalo is almost
double in present study time. So, farmers is interested in keeping buffaloes then
cattle. Dairy and live stock enterprise assume higher significant for point of
increasing of income level of socio economic status of weaker section farmer family.
Live stock and dairy enterprise depend to each other so live stock maintained by
each household increase with the increase in the size of there landholding marginal
small & landless farmers have next alternative option of dairy farming. Landless
laboures fully dependent dairy and live stock enterprises. Demand of milk, milch
animal, milk product day by day increase and supply of milk improved in market.

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Market value of milk increase, small marginal and other labourer are found
employment and improved the life status. The per capita milk availability in India
has gone up from 120 gram per day in 1960 to 359 gram per day in 2015 2016 this
despite our country population rising by three time during the period today it is
providing livelihood and nutritional security to about 66% rural area in the country
present the country has 512 million livestock and 729 million poultry population
India has 151 registered breeds of livestock and poultry including, 39 breeds of
cattle, 13 of buffaloes, 40 of sheep, 24 of goat, 06 of horse and ponies, 09 of camel,
03 of pig, 01 of donkey and 16 of poultry beside population or breeds of other
species like yak mithun duck etc are yet to be classified about 20.25% of total
livestock population in our country can be classified as describe and recognized
breeds so we can say that all population of animal and milk production depend on
good bread of animal and milk production is increased.

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