Text 77-78.

and use world maps and globes to identify the UK

There have been a number of differences in the and other countries and oceans.

way geography is now to be approached in the As they progress to key stage 2, students are

National Curriculum. It was decided that there expected to extend their knowledge to include

would be a renewed emphasis on spa-tial Europe, North, and South America as well as

knowledge, as well as the human and physical significant human and physical features. They

processes. This should cover some technical should be able to identify the position of latitude,

procedures such as using grid references. There longitude, the Equator and other large features of

should also be a renewed commitment towards the the world such as the Tropics of Cancer and

concept of fieldwork and the use of maps, as well Capricorn.

as written communication. Students at key stage 2 should study more physical

Dealing with geography, the National Curriculum geography including the climate zones, biomes and

includes certain topics, but not necessarily how features such as volcanoes and earthquakes. Trips

they should be taught. For example, the focus at to destinations such as Iceland could encourage

key stage 1 is developing knowledge about the further learning about some of the worlds physical

United Kingdom and the world. Students should geography. There is a huge emphasis on

study certain fact such as the worlds seven geographical skills at this stage. Students should be

continents and their locations. They should be able able to use the eight points of a compass, four and

to name and identify the four coun-tries and capital six-figure grid references and keys on Ordinance

cities of the UK. Trips to London may include extra - Survey maps in order to develop their knowledge.

curricular educa-tion that can aid students 76. What is the topic of the passage?

understanding of the United Kingdom. They also (A) The art of teaching geography.

should be able to identify seasonal weather (B) The worlds physical geography.

patterns, identify hot and cold areas of the world,

(C) Topical approaches in teaching and learning out-comes. For example, in science

geography. and mathe-matics education, scholars have

(D) Different strategies in teaching documented that the use of ICT can improve

geography. students conceptual understanding, problem

(E) The geographical topics in the national solving, and team working skills. Consequently,

curriculum. most curriculum documents state the importance

77. The underlined word seasonal in paragraph 2 of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them.

means . (A) However, teachers need to specifically trained

(A) serial. in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.

(B) cyclical. Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and

(C) current. change. However, the spread of ICT is beginning to

(D) regular. affect how teachers teach. One of the current

(E) situational. issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated

78. According to the passage, key stage 2

focuses more on . into the curriculum. The curriculum document

(A) the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school

(B) broader geographical abilities. setting. There-fore, schools expect that graduates

(C) patterns of climate change. from teacher education programs have a reason-

(D) geographical physics. able knowledge of how to use ICT. (B) However, this

(E) the trip to Iceland. may not be the case because most current

Text 79-82. teachers pre-service prepara-tion, and subsequent

Over the last two decades. the use of ICT has been in-service courses were designed by using

an important topic in education. On the one hand, traditional educational technology and settings.

studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching Thus, the partici-pants in these courses are not
familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, teacher education programs need to consider the

features, and possibilities of teaching learning two typical arguments that support the ICT use in

processes based on ICT. schools.

This issue becomes complicated because the 79. With the statement One of the current issues

students thinking skills are often weak. about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the

Also, they typically lack information literacy skills curriculum in paragraph 2, the author intends to

although they were born in or after 1982. In .

addition, they belong to the Net Generation. (C) (A) emphasize the need for teachers with

Furthermore, they are accustomed to operating in good literacy in technology.

a digital environ-ment for communication, (B) explore the reasons for including ICT in

information gathering, and analysis. The problem is the curriculum document.

that students do not have to understand how their (C) explain the curriculum documents for

use of technology affects their habits ICT introduction in education.

(D) argue the current teachers already have

of learning. good knowledge of using ICT.

(D) Effective development of pre-service teachers (E) show that teacher education programs

ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct have been running expected ICT curriculum.

process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex 80. The authors idea of the relationship between

approach. First, a need assessment is important to the use of ICT and learning outcome is analogous

find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers with .

need at schools. Second, designers of teacher

education programs should know the pre-service (A) vitamin - health.

teachers perceptions of ICT and their attitudes (B) speed - aeroplane.

toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, (C) harvest - irrigation.

(D) cellphone - crime. to try to understand them. As a result, we have

(E) books - intelligence. lost the opportunity to learn about this areas and

81. The assumption the author has about teacher the benefits and opportunities they might have

education programs is that . yielded. Today our remaining natural areas serve

(A) the programs have introduced a important roles in the study of ecology, botany,

reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. zoology, geology, and soil science. They provide

(B) the programs have found out what ICT skills controls for comparison against managed or

and knowledge the teachers need. exploited resources. They also provide

(C) the programs have given materials educational and cultural information important in

related to the pre-service teachers the study of science, local history, conservation,

perceptions of ICT. and nature studies such as bird-watching, insect

(D) the programs were still designed in study, and tree identification.

reference to traditional educational Preservation of natural areas also provides

technology and settings. many practical benefits. For example, natural

(E) the programs have participants who are areas contain the biological raw materials

familiar with the processes of techno- necessary for the development of products that

logy-mediated educational transaction could greatly benefit the health and well -being of

82. Which tines of the passage illustrate the ideal a man. A new wonder drug or fine industrial
ICT teacher education programs most
effectively?
(A) sentence(s) A in the passage product may exist now only in some
(B) sentence(s) B in the passage
(C) sentence(s) C in the passage inconspicuous organism harboured in a nature
(D) sentence(s) D in the passage
(E) all the sentences in the last paragraph.
preserve. Up to approximately half of the drugs

Text 83-86. currently in use contain derivatives of wild plants,

Our ancestors destroyed moot of our natural yet only a small percentage of all plants have been

areas before anyone had a chance to study or investigated for their potential in such uses. The
need to protect the remaining 98 percent of

natural areas until they can be researched is 83. Paragraph 4 implies that .

obvious. (A) the number of people turning to the

From a genealogical standpoint, we have nature preserves becomes more and

roots linking us to our ancestors. With so many more.

of our natural areas now gone, those that remain (B) we cannot see any skyscrapers and

are a vital link to the past. They can help us and pavement due to natural preservation.

future generations better understand the (C) preservation of natural areas can help us

landscape and natural resources from which the throw away our stressful days.

pioneers molded their lives. (D) nature preserves briefly lighten busy life

Certainly, one of the most important benefits of urban environment.

to be derived from natural areas is the perceptive (E) quiet enjoyment of nature creates better

-recreational benefit they provide. This is daily lives.

evidenced by the increasing numbers of people 84. The sentence Our ancestors destroyed

turning to the nature preserve in order to escape most of our natural areas before anyone had a

briefly from the hustle-bustle of fast-paced chance to study o try to understand them

in the first paragraph can best be restated as

society. The quiet environment of nature calms

.
the monotony in our daily lives whether from

(A) after we had an opportunity to deeply

skyscrapers and pavement or unbroken horizons

study our natural areas, most of them

of corn and beans. Healthy natural areas can offer

had been destroyed by our ancestors

substantial economic benefits to our com-

(B) we had an opportunity to deeply study

munities as well. Wetlands, for example, help
our natural areas although most of them
with flood protection and the removal of
had been destroyed by our ancestors.
pollutants from our water supply.
 (C) most of our natural areas had been gone, those that remain are vital link to

destroyed by our ancestors, besides, the past.

we had an opportunity to deeply study (E) Preservation of natural areas also

them. provides many practical benefits.

(D) before most of our natural areas had been 86. The organizational pattern of passage is ....

destroyed by our ancestors, we had an (A) listing order.

opportunity to deeply study them. (B) time order.

(E) we might have had an opportunity to (C) classification.

deeply study our natural areas if most (D) cause-effect.

of them had not been destroyed by our (E) comparison-contrast.

ancestors. Text 87-90.

85. Which of the following obviously shows the According to the latest New York Times poll,

authors bias about natural areas? most Americans are troubled by performance-

(A) As a result, we have lost the opportunity enhancing drugs, which they believe are widely

to learn about these areas and the bene- used by the nations athletes. The public

fits and opportunities they might have believes that professional athletes in major

yielded. American sports leagues use steroids to a greater

(B) Wetlands, for example, help with flood degree than American Olympic athletes do. But

protection and the removal of pollutants the prospect of achievement through illicit means

from our water supply. in the Winter and Summer Olympics is more

(C) The need to protect the remaining 98 troubling. Also, younger Americans are much less

percent until they can be researched is troubled by drug use in sports and believe it to be

obvious. more widespread than do Americans age 30 and

(D) With so many of our natural areas now above.

 After recent revelations about the use of pride for the country and out of pride for getting a

performance- enhancing drugs in football. gold medal. In fact, the Olympics have been

baseball, and track-and-field, 43 percent of those open to professionals since the late 1980s.

polled said they believe that at least half of And most of the drug scandals in recent years

professional athletes in the United States use have involved sports related to the Olympics.

steroids. In comparison, 18 percent of those 87. What is the authors attitude towards

surveyed said they believe that at least half of topic of the passage?

American Olympic athletes use banned (A) Tolerant.

performance-enhancing substances. (B) Unhappy.

While 61 percent of Americans said they were (C) Worried.

bothered by the use of steroids among professional (D) Critical

athletes. 75 percent said they were concerned about (E) Unconcerned.

the use of perform-ance-enhancing drugs among 88. The paragraph following the passage will

Olympic athletes. This response seem to be based

likely talk about ....

partly on the ideal that American Olympic spoils are

(A) drug use by Olympic athletes.

purer than professional sports, and on the widely

(B) the opinions of young people and those

held belief that Olympic athletes are still

above 30.

amateurs. The Olympics are pure and

(C) what the surveyor think about drug use.
clean, Jason Mannino, 32, a tax assessor,
(D) what is being done about the problem.
said. We want these kids to be all on the same
(E) what the problems will lead to.
playing field. A lot of these kids are trying to make

a name for themselves purely on their athletic

ability, and they are not getting high-dollar

contracts to perform. They are performing out of