Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Network Control Protocol(NCP) is used to help identify the Network layer protocol
used in the packet.

Port Address Translation (PAT) allows a one-to-many approach to network address

translation(NAT).

Hubs regenerate electrical signals, which are specified at the Physical layer.

ICMP(The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is the protocol at the Network
layer that is used to send messages back to an originating router.

A bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) is a data message transmitted across a local
area network to detect loops in network topologies.

Link Control Protocol(LCP) in the PPP stack provides dynamic addressing,

authentication, and multilink.

Switches do not propagate VLAN information by default; you must configure the VTP
domain. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is used to propagate VLAN information across a
trunk link.

CHAP - Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol

BSS - BASIC SERVICE SET
ESS - EXTENDED SERVICE SET
CIDR - CLASSLESS INTER DOMAIN ROUTING
BOOTP - BOOTSTRAP PROTOCOL
PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link (layer 2) protocol used to
establish a direct connection between two nodes
SNMP - SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMANT PROTOCOL
NCP - The Network Control Program (NCP)

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a data encryption and decryption computer program that
provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is
often used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting texts, e-mails, files,
directories, and whole disk partitions and to increase the security of e-mail
communications.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging routing information

between gateway hosts (each with its own router) in a network of autonomous
systems. BGP is often the protocol used between gateway hosts on the Internet.

NVT - Network virtual terminal

Communication is established using the TCP/IP protocols and communication is based
on a set of facilities known as a Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)

ADSL - Asymmetric digital subscriber line

OSI - Open Systems Interconnection

WEP - WIRELESS EQUIVALENT PROTOCOL

LLC - The Logical Link Control (LCL) layer is one of two sublayers of the Data-Link
layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of communication

WAP - Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for accessing

information over a mobile wireless network.

NAV - The Network Allocation Vector is used within IEEE 802.11 networks to prevent
Stations accessing the wireless medium and causing contention.

FDDI - (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) iS RING TOPOLOGY

LCP - Link ControlProtocol In the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), the Link

ControlProtocol (LCP) establishes, configures, and tests data-link Internet
connections.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a popular protocol for network

management. It is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network
devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet
Protocol (IP) network

Router,Gateway operate in network layer/3.

Bridge operate in datalink layer/2
hubs,repeaters operate in physical layer/1
switch can operate at both layer 2 (data link) and layer 3 (network). Layer 2 uses
MAC addresses for switching. Layer 3 uses IP addresses for switching.

IP Addressing/Logical Addressing is done in network layer

DATALINK LAYER :

At which OSI layer is Physical Addressing?, At which OSI layer is Ethernet?, At

which OSI layer is MAC Addressing?, At which OSI layer is the Local Area Network?,
At which OSI layer do we find frames?, At which OSI layer does a switch operate? or
At which OSI layer does a bridge operate?

Transport layer:

At which OSI layer is UDP?, At which OSI layer do we find segments?, At which OSI
layer is TCP? or At which OSI layer are software ports?

CSMA/CD (DATALINK LAYER):Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection

(CSMA/CD) is a media access control method used most notably in local area
networking using early Ethernet technology.

CSMA/CA (DATALINK LAYER): Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
(CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a network multiple access method in which
carrier sensing is used, but nodes attempt to avoid collisions by transmitting only
when the channel is sensed to be "idle"

Protocol Data Unit (PDU) -- SEGMENT in Transport layer,Packet in network layer

complexity of bubble sort = insertion sort =o(n2)

complexity of quick sort=merge sort=heap sort=o(n log n)