FOR ARCHITECTURE

Ar.A.Purushothaman, Research Scholar, Department of Architecture, NITT

Unit III- Study Material
Subject Code : Degree / Branch : B.arch
Subject Name : Professional Practice and Ethics I Year/Sem/sec :
Faculty :

UNIT III

ARCHITECTS SERVICES AND SCALE OF FEES

Mode of engaging an architect comprehensive services, partial services and specialized services
Scope of work of an architect Schedule of services Scale of fees (council of Architecture norms)
Mode of payment Terms and conditions of engagement.

1. MODE OF ENGAGING AN ARCHITECT

At the heart of every successful project is a strong relationship between client and architect. We as
architects know that the more knowledgeable our clients are, the more likely they are to participate
fully in the process and enjoy the benefits of a collaborative effort.

Appointing an architects by a client

1. relatives and friends may recommend an architect with whom they have worked and are satisfied
with his service
2. A reputed architect known for his outstanding work may be appointed.
3. An architect who has done similar specialized jobs successfully may be considered.
4. An architects firm which is conveniently located and considered suitable for the project may be
chosen.
5. The author of best design in a competition held under expert advice as per the guidelines of the
COA can be commissioned for the project.
6. Through social contacts.

Client architect agreement

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The process of dispute solving namely the arbitration clause is included in it. This can be done by
adopting the standard form of LETTER OF APPOINTMENT recommended by COA. If the project
involves partial services the precise scope of architects services, mode of payment of fees, respective
duties of client and the architect need to be defined clearly. Once arbitration clause is included the
client cannot take disputes to the consumer redressal.

Architect as agent of client

Architect must know the extent of his authority architect must not enlarge or diminish the scope of
contract communicate more often with the client, appraise him about the progress of work, any
change made in drawings, manner of construction and financial implication are involved prior sanction
is essential. The architect has to get signature from client in all important drawings.

2. COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES

The practice of the architectural profession in regulated by the Architects Act, 1972. The council of
architecture (COA) has defined the scope of work and Architectural services to be rendered by
Architects with a view to making the client fully aware of the duties and services which he may except
from the Architect. They stipulate the parameters within which the Architect is required to function
and are applicable to all registered Architects and such Architects who have specialized in areas such
as structural design, Urban design, city planning, landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture and
Architectural conservation.

The architect is required to provide services in respect of the following

SCPOE OF WORK-
1. Taking clients Instructions and preparation of Design brief.
2. Site Evaluation, analysis and impact on the immediate environment.
3. Design and Site development.
4. Structural Design
5. Sanitary, plumbing, Drainage, water-supply and Sewerage Design.
6. Electrical, Electronic, communication systems and Design
7. Heating, ventilation and Air conditioning Design (HVAC).
8. Elevators, Escalators etc.
9. Fire Detectors, Fire protection and Security systems
10. Periodic Inspection and Evaluation of construction works.
11. Quality control.

ALLIED FIELDS
Interior Architecture
Landscape Architecture
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 Architectural conservation
Retrofitting of buildings
Graphic Design and Signage.

THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE

The primary objective in interior Architecture is to generate a purposeful ambience that will stimulate
the users creative potential, protect the users from the extremes of weather and also nurture them
emotionally. The aim is to meld the interiors and exteriors into symbiotic relationships through scale,
volume, light and shade. Hence, the interior spaces must be designed to fulfill the fundamental
functional and aesthetic needs that make the interiors efficient and pleasant to live and work in. The
development of design is a very conscious act and it infuses life into interiors subconsciously.

SCOPE OF WORK
1. Site evaluation and assessment.
2. Interior design space planning and volumetric study.
3. Architectural additions and alterations.
4. Interior related civil works
5. Design of fixed items of work and loose furniture.
6. Illumination design
7. Sound and Acoustic design
8. Graphic design
9. Indoor plant scape
10. Selection of materials, equipment and other interior related elements.
11. Integration of all Engineering services
12. Periodic inspection and evaluation off works at site.
13. Quality control.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape Architecture deals with the analysis, planning, design, management, preservation and
rehabilitation of land. It is a science capable of producing an ecologically-sensitive design which is self-
sustainable. It integrates from the very conception, the elements of Architecture, Urban design and
civil engineering, Landscape Architecture covers a wide spectrum ranging from landscape planning at
the regional and city scale on the one end, to the small and medium scale of public and private
landscape at the other. It involves dealing with such sites as office plazas, public squares, highways,
city parks, housing developments, institutional campuses, Zoological and botanical parks.

SCOPE OF WORKS
1. Site appraisal and suitability.
2. Site planning

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3. Landform and grading
4. Surface drainage design and water management.
5. Irrigation design
6. Open space design hard and soft areas.
7. Planting designs.
8. Landscape structures and features
9. garden furniture design
10. Illumination design
11. Graphic design and signage.
12. Co-ordination of external services.
13. Periodic Inspection and evaluation of works at site.

THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN URBAN DESIGN

Urban Design is architecture of the cities, highly complex and gargantuan in scale. The primary aim of
urban design is to imbibe and maintain a sense of identity and harmony among buildings, open spaces
and other structures by means of a pleasant and memorable visual imagery throughout the length
and breadth of an urban setting. Volumetric relationships, harmonious spatial sequences, transition
from buildings to open spaces, streetscape and the services infrastructures must together create a
townscape with an exclusive imagery.

SCOPE OF WORK
1. Taking clients instructions and preparation of design brief.
2. Site evaluation, analysis of architectural character, social issues and heritage.
3. Feasibility study
4. Preliminary proposal for development / re-development and their impact on immediate
environment.
5. Volumetric study and Urban form recommendations including pedestrian / vehicular movement
and parking.
6. Architectural controls and guidelines.
7. Conceptual design of site development and their interconnectivity.
8. Landscape architecture design.
9. Architectural conservation design.
10. Graphic design and signage.

PARTIAL SERVICES

Where for any reason the architect performs part of the services only, including the abandonment,
postponement, substitution or omission of any project and or works or part there of or if the services
of the architect are terminated the charges in respect of the services performed shall be as follows-

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1. If the work has not yet reached the stage of completing the submission of draft sketches and
architects estimate of cost to the client, the charge shall be on a time basis.
2. If draft sketches and architects estimate of cost based upon covered areas have been submitted
to the client, the charges shall be 10 % of the architects fee had the project been completed to
the end of the construction stage. The estimate of cost submitted by the architect shall be
considered to be the total cost of works for computing the fees due.
3. If the sketch scheme with the estimate of cost has been accepted by the client, the charges shall
be 20% of the architects fee had the project been completed to the end of the construction stage.
The estimate of cost submitted by the architect shall be considered to be the total cost of works
for computing the fees due.
4. Preliminary stage up to 35% of fees due.
If the sketches have been modified to suit the clients provisional sanctions and relevant details
obtained the charge shall be 35% of the architects fee, shall be considered to be the total cost of
the executed work for computing the fees due.
5. Working drawing stage up to 65% of fees due
The charge shall be the percentage of the architects total fee for this stage corresponding to the
architects estimate of the percentage of his total service in this stage already rendered. (The total
fee at the end of this stage is 65% of the architect fee had the project been completed to the end
of the construction stage) the last estimate of cost submitted to the client by the Architect shall
be taken to be the total cost of works computing of fee due.
6. Construction stage up to 80% of fees due
The charge shall be the percentage of the architects total fee for his stage corresponding to the
architects estimate of the percentage of his total service in this stage already rendered. (The total
fee at the end of this stage is 80% of the architect fee had the project been completed to the end
of the construction stage)

7. Supervision stage up to 100% fees due

The charge shall be the percentage of the architects fees due to the architect on all works
executed by contractors and certified by the architect and 80% on the balance of the estimate
cost as submitted by the architect.

8. Resuming abandoned work

If at a later date the works which have been postponed, cancelled or abandoned or any part are
again proceeded with, any payments made under this clause, shall rank solely as payments on
account towards the total fee ultimately on such works and calculated on their actual cost.
If the whole or any part of the works is postponed and additional services by the architect are
necessary in connection with the resumption of such works the architect shall be entitled to
charge for such additional work on a time basis.

SPECIAL SERVICES
The services described under this head require the payment of additional fees.

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 TOWN PLANNING
Fees for town work shall be in accordance with the professional charges of the Institute of town
planners , India except that all layout shall be charged on a time basis.

GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN

The cost all site works designed under the direction of the architect under the same or separate
building or landscape contractors shall be included in the total construction cost of the works and
the architect shall be entitled to the appropriate percentage fees. Specialist advice on the
selection of plants and materials visits to nurseries and all other additional services shall be
charged on a time basis.

Interior decoration
Whether special services including the provisions of special sketch studies, detailed advice on the
selection of furniture, fittings and soft furnishings and supervision of making up such furnishings
are provided, the percentage fee for each stage of services shall be double that of new works.

SHOP FITTINGS AND EXHIBITION WORKS

For shop fittings, shop fronts and interiors, exhibition design and similar works including both the
remodeling of existing shops and the design of new units both independently and within the shall
of an existing building, the percentage fee for each stage of the normal service shall be double
that of new works.
FURNITURE AND FITTINGS
Fir advising on the selection and suitability of loose furniture, fittings and soft furnishings and
supervision of the installation where not covered above shall be on a time basis.
For the design of special items of furniture and fittings for limited production only the percentage
fee shall be 15% of the total production cost. Alternatively fees may be on a time basis.
For advising on the commissioning of special works of art, the selection of paintings and sculpture
etc, and for supervising their installation fees shall be on a time basis.
Building systems and components for the development of building systems percentage fees on
the total production cost may be agreed specially.

LITIHATION AND ARBITRATION

For qualifying to give evidence, settling proofs, conference with solicitors, attendance in court or
at arbitration or before other tribunals, for service in connection with litigation and for arbitration
fees shall be on time basis.

3. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES

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The council of Architecture has prescribed the schedule of services based on general practice of the
profession in India. It is a detailed account of the services rendered by an Architect during the various
stages of construction. These are applicable to all registered Architects and such Architects who have
specialized in areas such as structural design, urban design, city planning, landscape architecture, and
Interior Architecture and Architectural conservation.

THE SCHEDULE (STAGES) OF SERVICES OF AN ARCHITECT IN INDIA PRESCRIBED BY THE COA

The Architect after taking instructions from the client renders services under the following stages:

CLIENTS BRIEF STAGE 1

1. Clients requirements The architect ascertains the clients requirements of the project.
2. Site visit He visits the site and examines site constraints and potential.
3. Examines the codes, legislation and standards as they affect the project.
4. Requirements list He prepares in agreement with the client, a program of requirements.
5. Conditions of Engagements, scope of works/ fees He acquaints the client with the conditions
of engagement and scale of charges.
6. Letter of Appointment The client engages the architect and both effectively enter an agreement
by signing a standard latter of appointment.
7. Fees payable Advance (Retainer) The Architect is paid a retainer (Advance) of Rs.20000/- of
the total fees payable , whichever is higher, as a token of Intent

CONCEPT DESIGN STAGE 2

1. Site evaluation The architect prepares a report and site evaluation state of existing buildings, if
any and analysis and impact of proposed development of the immediate environment.
2. Survey of site- He obtains from the client or gets a detailed topographical survey of the site,
prepared at the clients expense. This survey shall include all the necessary data related to the
existing structure, existing public utility lines, trees, pavements, roads, restrictions, easements
and boundaries.
3. Soil tests He obtains from the client or gets soil tests, site borings or such other tests on sub soil
conditions done at the clients expense.
4. Conceptual designs He prepares preliminary conceptual designs to explain his understanding of
the clients requirements.
5. Rough cost estimate of project He prepares a rough estimate of the cost of the project on the
basis of the area. Under no circumstance does the architect guarantee such estimate of cost.
6. Fees payable The fees payable to the Architect of this state is 10% of the total fees payable.

PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWING STAGE 3

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1. Incorporate changes in drawings The architect modifies the conceptual designs incorporating
required changes.
2. Preliminary drawings he prepares the preliminary drawings, sketches, study mode; etc, for the
clients approval.
3. Preliminary cost estimate he prepares a preliminary estimate of cost on the basis of the area.
4. Fee payable The fees payable to the Architect at this stage is 20% of the total fees payable, less
the payment made at previous stage 2.

DRAWINGS FOR CLIENTS / STATUTORY APPROVALS STAGE 4

1. Drawings for approval from statutory authorities The architect incorporates the clients
suggestions prepare drawings necessary for approval from the client / statutory authorities.
2. Compliance He ensures compliance with codes, standards and legislation as applicable.
3. Assist in obtaining approval He assists the client in obtaining the statutory approval, if required.
4. Fees payable The fees payable of the architect at this stage is 35% of the total fees payable, less
the payment made at previous stages 2 and 3.

WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS STAGE 5

1. Provide information to consultants The architect provides consultants with all the necessary
information to allow them to perform their specialist work.
2. Specifications, detailed estimate of cost He prepares working drawings, specifications and
schedule of qualities sufficient to prepare estimate of cost, in consultation with his consultants).
3. Preparation of contract documents He advises the client and gets approval on the form of
contract and method of placing the contract.
4. List of contractors he prepares a short list of suitable contractors with appropriate justification.
5. Tender drawings He prepares tender drawings including large scale details and tender
documents including mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control procedures
and other conditions of contract, to describe the whole project adequately for the purpose of
placing the main contract.
6. Fees payable The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable,
less the payment made at previous stages 2,3 and 4.

APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS STAGE 6

1. Invite tenders The architect invites receives and analyses tenders.
2. Appointment of contractors He advises the client on the appointment of the contractors.
3. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable , less
the payment made at previous stages 2,3, 4and 5.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE 7
1. Working drawings The Architect prepares working drawings and details for the proper execution
of works during construction.
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 2. Issue drawings to contractors He issues sufficient copies of working drawings, schedules,
specifications, bill of quantities and other contract documents to the contractors for the proper
execution of works.
3. Approve works progress schedule he approve the works progress schedule prepared by the
contractors.
4. Approve samples He approves samples of various elements and components submitted by the
contractors and vendors.
5. Appointment of site supervisor he advises the client to appoint and pay a construction manager
or clerk of works or site supervisor for the day to day supervision at site, in order to ensure that
the work at site proceeds in accordance with the contract documents and drawings.
6. Attends meetings He attends conferences, meetings to ensure that the project proceeds
generally in accordance with the conditions of contract.
7. Site visits He visits site at intervals mutually agreed upon, to inspect and evaluate the
construction work keeps the client informed on the quality and progress of work.
8. Quality control check at site The architect shall ensure that the drawings are being correctly
interpreted at site, and the finishing is of acceptable quality.
9. Advise on unexpected time/cost variations He advises the client if the contract time is likely to
be varied, or if the total authorized expenditure is likely to be exceeded.
10. Check contractors bills If required by the client, the architect checks the contractors application
for payment (sills) with the help of the site engineers and issues certifications authorizing payment
an additional fees of 1%.
11. Issue certificate of completion He issues certificate of virtual completion of works.
12. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable, less
the payment made at previous stages 2,3, 4, 5 and 6.

COMPLETION STAGE 8
1. Completion reports The architect prepare and submit completion reports and drawings for the
project as required.
2. Occupation certificate He assists the client in obtaining completion or occupation certificate
from the authorities wherever required.
3. As-built drawings He issues two sets of as-built drawings including services and structures.
4. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable , less
the payment made at previous stages and the retainer.

4. SCALE OF FEES

The council of architecture in consideration of the comprehensive professional services rendered by

an Architect has prescribed the scale of charges under the architects (professional conducts)
regulations, 1989. The council of Architecture has reviewed the issue of architects fees in depth and
the revised and latest version of these documents, which was approved by the council at its 40th
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meeting are presented here. These documents stipulate the mandatory scale of professional charges
with the intention of making the client filly aware of the fees chargeable by an Architect. These
documents are applicable to all registered architects and such architects who have specialized in areas
such as structural design, urban design, city planning, landscape architecture, Interior architecture
and architectural conservation.

HOUSING
Individual /independent house
Single block housing and sites up to 0.5 hectares
Site more than 0.5 hectares and up to 2.5 hectares
Site more than 02.5 hectares and up to 5 hectares
Site more than 5 hectares
7.5% on the cost of works assigned.
5.0% on the cost of works assigned.
3.5% on the cost of works assigned.
2.5% on the cost of works assigned.
2% on the cost of works assigned.

ALL PROJECTS OTHER THAN HOUSING - 5.0% on the cost of works assigned.
REPEATION OF BUILDING IN SAME CAMPUS - 2.5% on the cost of works assigned.
REPEATION OF BUILDING AT A DIFFERENT SITE 3.5% on the cost of works assigned
SITE DEVELOPMENT - 2.5% on the cost of works assigned
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVAATION, RETROFITTING, ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS
- 7.5% on the cost of works assigned
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE, SIGNAGE, GRAPHIC DESIGN -7 .5% on the cost of works assigned
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 7.5% on the cost of works assigned
URBAN DESIGN - 1.0% on the cost of works assigned
VERIFICATION & CERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTIOR BILLS 1.0% in addition of above fees.

DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHARGES 10% of the professional fees.

ADVISORY CONSULTANCY CHARGES Rs. 10000/- per day for outstation project;
Rs.4000/- per day for local project.

MODE OF PAYMENT/ SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT

The architect shall be paid professional fees in stage consistent with the work done. The stages of
payment are divided the courses of the construction and shall include the following:

CLIENTS BRIEF STAGE 1

On appointment and signing of agreement Rs. 2000/- - or 5% of total fees payable adjustable at
the last stage based on the rough estimate of cost.

CONCEPT DESIGN STAGE 2

On submitting conceptual designs and rough estimate 10% of total fees payable, based on the
rough estimate of cost.

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 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWING STAGE 3
On submitting the required preliminary scheme for the client approval along with the preliminary
estimate of cost 20% of total fees payable less payment already made based on preliminary
estimate of cost.

DRAWINGS FOR CLIENTS/ STATUTORY APPROVALS STAGE 4

On incorporating clients suggestions and submitting drawings for approval from the client /
statutory bodies 35% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of
cost.
WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS STAGE 5
On preparation of working drawings specifications, schedule of quantities, estimate and tender
documents - 45% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of cost.

APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS STAGE 6

On inviting receiving and analyzing tenders and advising the client on appointment of contractors
- 55% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of cost.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE 7
On submitting working drawings and details required for commencement of work at site - 65% of
total fees payable, less payment already made, based on accepted tender cost.
On completion of 20% of work at site - 70% of total fees payable, less payment already
made, based on accepted tender cost.
On completion of 40% of work at site - 75% of total fees payable, less payment already
made, based on accepted tender cost.
On completion of 60% of work at site - 80% of total fees payable, less payment already
made, based on accepted tender cost.
On completion of 80% of work at site - 85% of total fees payable, less payment already
made, based on accepted tender cost.
On virtual completion of work at site - 90% of total fees payable, less payment already
made, based on accepted tender cost.
COMPLETION STAGE 8
On submitting completion report and drawings for the project required in obtaining completion /
occupation certificate from statutory authorities and on issue of as-built drawings - 100% of total
fees payable, less payment already made, based on Actual total cost.

DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHARGES

Apart from the professional fee, the client shall pay to the architect documentation and
communication charges, @ 10% of the professional fee payable to the architect at all for discharge
stages.
REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES
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 In addition to the amounts reimbursable against site visits by the architect/ consultant the client
will reimburse the architect the following expenses incurred by him for discharge o his obligations.
Actual cost of travel (to & fro) boarding lodging and local transport for any visit made by his staff
to the site or such other place as may be necessary in connection with the execution of work and
in connection with the performance of duties referred to in this agreement.
Cost of presentation models, computer simulation, presentation drawings etc, prepared at the
instance of the client for purposes other than the design and execution of the project.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF ENGAGEMENT

CLIENTS ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

The client shall discharge all his obligations connected with the project and engagement of the
architect as follows:
To provide detailed requirements of the project.
To provide property lease / ownership documents.
To provide a site plan, to a suitable scale, showing boundaries, contours at suitable intervals,
existing physical features including any existing roads, paths, trees, existing structures, existing
service and utility lines and such lines to which the proposed service for the survey collection of
necessary information pay for the same.
To furnish reports on soil conditions and soil tests as required by the architect.
To furnish specific conditions/ statutory stipulations/ codes of practice/ schedule of rates etc,
desired to be followed.
To pay all fees, levies, security deposits and expenses in respect of statutory sanction.
To give effect to the professional advice of the architect and cause no change in the drawings and
documents without the consent of the Architect.
To honor architects bills within one month of its submission.
To appoint a construction manager as per the Architects advice.

EXECUTION OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

The architect shall appoint specialized consultants in consultation with the client, of necessary.
The architect shall be responsible for the direction and integration of the consultants work. The
consultants however shall be fully responsible for the calculations, the detailed design and
periodic inspection and evaluation of the architect shall keep the client informed about the
progress of work in his office.
The work entrusted to them. The architect shall, if requested make available the design
calculations.
The architect will advice the client on the time schedule (bar chart/ pert/ CPM network) prepared
by the contractors for the completion of work, if required.
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 The architect shall supply to the client, free of cost, up to six sets of drawings at different stages.
Any professional services to be rendered by the architect at the instance of the client after the
agreed project completion period shall be compensated for on mutually agreed terms.
The architect shall exercise all responsible skill, care and diligence in the discharge of his duties
and shall exercise such general superintendence and inspection as may be necessary to ensure
that works are being executed in accordance with the conditions of contract.
Any revision in the drawings , tenders and documents, once approved, required to be made by
the client shall be compensated as additional services rendered by the architect and paid for @
50% the fee prescribed for the relevant stage.(s).
No change shall be made in the approved drawings and specifications at site without the consent
of the architect.
Any curtailment of the professional services, beyond stage 2, shall make it obligatory for the client
to pay at least 20% of the fee for the remaining stage(s) of the curtailment work/services.

TIME SCHEDULE
The architect shall, in consultation with the client, prepare a time schedule in respect of various
services to be rendered and discharge of clients obligations.

INDEMNIFICATION:
In the event that a claim o suit is brought against the architect or the consultants by any third party
for damages arising from personal injury or property damage caused wholly by the client, or anyone
employed by the client, or anyone for whose acts the client may be held responsible, then the client
shall indemnity the architects and fully reimburse any loss, damage or expenses, including the
attorneys fees, which the architect may incur in connection therewith.

OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT:
Architectural design is an intellectual property of the architect. The drawings specifications,
documents and models as instruments of service are the property of the Architect whether the
project, for which they are made, is executed or not. The client shall retain copies of the architects
models, drawings, specifications and other documents for his information and use in connection
with the project. These shall not be used for any other project by the client or the architect or any
other person, except for the repetition as stipulated in the scale of charges.

TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT:
Agreement between the architect and the client may be terminated by either one giving the other
a written notice of not less than 30 days, should either fail substantially to perform his part of
responsibilities/ duties, so long as the failure is not caused by the one initiating the termination.

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 When termination of this agreement is not related or attributable, directly or indirectly to any act,
omission, neglect and default on the part of the architect, the architect shall be entitled to
professional fees as stipulated under clause 4 and sub-clauses 9.09 & 9.11 of clause 9.
In the event of architects firm closing its business or the client having terminated the agreement,
the client shall have the right to employ another architect to complete work, after making
payment to the previous architects firm.

INTERPRETATION:
In case of any ambiguity or difficulty in the interpretation of the conditions of engagement and
scale of charges, the interpretation of the council of architecture shall be final and binding on the
architect and the client.

ARBITRATION:
All disputes or differences which may arise between the client and the architect under conditions
of engagement and scale of charges with regard to the meaning or interpretation or matter or
things done or to be done in pursuance hereof, such disputes and differences shall be referred for
arbitration to the council of architecture. The arbitrator shall be appointed by the president,
council of architecture. The arbitration shall be conducted as per the provisions of the arbitration
and conciliation Act, 1996. The decision and award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on
the Architect and the client.

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Questions- Unit III

Two Marks

1. What are the special services rendered by an architect?

2. Write the services and scale of fees for interior design works.
3. Mention the different stages in which an architect can collect his fees.
4. On what basis, would you make your claim of fees from your clients?
5. What are the obligations of an architect towards supervision of works?
6. Explain the necessary conditions of an agreement between the client and an architect?
7. Explain briefly the fee structure stipulated by COA for housing projects. Explain the services to be
rendered for the same?
8. What are the advantages of providing comprehensive services?
9. Is constant supervision part of an architects responsibility?
10. What are the reimbursable expenses which an architect can claim from his clients?
11. What are the special services of an architect?
12. What do you understand by scale of fees?

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Eight & Sixteen Marks

13. Describe in detail, condition for engagement of an architect for professional service. (8)
14. Enumerate the professional services rendered by an architect. (8)
15. Is there any difference between the fees structure and guidelines stipulated by COA for
comprehensive services? What are they? (8)
16. Elaborate on the Mode of payment as spelt out in (Professional conduct) regulations 1989 for the
various stages of an architect. (8)
17. On what basis the fees is to be paid at each stage? (8)
18. Bring out the fees structure stipulated by COA and the architectural projects. Do you think these
provisions are practical. Give reasons.
19. Explain briefly the fees structure stipulated by COA for interior, urban design projects and housing
projects. Explain the service rendered for the same.
20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of lump sum.
21. Discuss in detail the schedule of services to be performed by an architect to his clients.(8)
22. What are reimbursable expenses? For which services an architect is entitled for
reimbursement from his clients?(8)
23. Differentiate between comprehensive and partial services performed by an architect.
24. What are the responsibilities of a client towards his architect?
25. Why is it necessary to include termination clause between an architect and his client?

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