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MSTER DENGINYERIA DE CAMINS CANALS I PORTS

MSTER DENGINYERIA ESTRUCTURAL I DE LA CONSTRUCCI


(2013-2014)
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced Concrete Structures Design

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES


Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

Viaduct over the Genil river. Puentedeume Bridge (Arosa).

Basagoiti Bridge.
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

Post-tensioned floor slabs


Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

INDEX:

1. Prestressing equivalent loads and internal forces. Concepts and applications


to a simply supported beam.
2. Secondary moments and forces in statically indeterminate concrete beams.
3. How to obtain secondary forces.
4. Factors affecting secondary moments. Concordant tendons layout.
5. Longitudinal distribution of secondary moments. Cases of study.
6. Why to obtain secondary moments?
7. Numerical examples
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

1. Prestressing equivalent loads and forces. Concepts and applications to a simply


supported beam.
Parabolic layout Straight multi-linear layout
A

A
Equivalent prestressing loads

n(x) = P(x)e(x)
Statically Forces
In a statically determinate structure forces are Internal forces can be obtained
obtained just by equilibrium of the cable directly from the tendon layout in
A self-equilibrate system of loads provide NO statically determinate structures
reactions (SR=0 ), but provides deflections
(camber), as the displacements are compatible e Mp,isos = P(x)e(x)
with the support conditions. Np,isos = Pcos(x)
P Vp,isos = Psin (x)
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

2. Secondary moments in statically indeterminate concrete beams


Indeterminate structure must verify equilibrium of forces and compatibility of displacements.
The self equilibrated system of loads introduced by the prestress generates displacements
which are no longer compatible with the support conditions. Secondary moments appear in
order to make compatible those displacements with the beam kinematics conditions.

Loads Equilibrium

Compatibility

Prestress
(self equilibrated system of loads)
Equilibrium

Compatibility
(secondary moments)
(M2 or Mh)
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Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

Distribution of secondary moments. Cases of study.

Reactions

ELU Pila
Secondary moment diagram
T P

Secondary shear diagram


Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign. Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

3. How to obtain secondary forces (M2, V2)

a) From the equivalent prestressing forces


Obtain the prestressing equivalent loads and calculate the forces (M,V) by structural analysis.
The forces obtained include both effects: statically determinate and secondary forces
M1(x)=P(x)e(x) n4 n5 Mtot(x) given by stiffness method

n1 n2 n3
M2(x) Mtot(x)= M1(x) +M2(x) =P(x)e(x) + M2(x)

Rh1 Rh2 Rh3 Rh4

Vtot(x)= V1(x) +V2(x) =P(x)e(x) + V2(x)


Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

b) From imposed deformations due to prestressing

When prestressing, axial deformation and curvatures are introduced. This deformations are
functions of the tendon layout, the prestress force and beam stiffness distribution. In statically
indeterminate beams, those curvatures introduce rotations which are not compatible with the
support conditions, producing compatibility reactions and thus secondary forces and moments.
The secondary moments can be obtained, thus, by imposing rotation compatibility at each
support of the beam. In a generic beam:
i,i = i,i+1
isoi,i-1 + Mhii,i-1 = isoi,i + Mhii,i

M h (i +1) M h (i )
M h=
(x) M h (i) + x
li

where isoi,i-1= isoi,i are rotations induced by prestressing curvatures considering statically
determinate support conditions.
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Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

Compatibility method in a continuous beam subjected to imposed deformations


End rotations isoi,li= isoi,li+1 ?
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Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

Compatibility method in a continuous beam under imposed curvatures


i,i-1= -i,i
li 1 M h (x) x li 1 x
i,i 1 0
( )dx + (x)( )dx
EI(x) li 1 0 li 1

li M h (x) x li x
=i,i 0 EI(x)
(1 )dx + (x)(1 )dx
li 0 li

M hi M hi 1 M M hi
M hi 1 + M hi + hi +1
li1 li 1 x li1 Pe(x) x li li x li Pe(x) x
0 EI(x)
dx +
li 1 0 EI(x) l
dx =
i 1

0 EI(x)
(1 )dx
li 0 EI(x)
(1 )dx
li

M hi M hi 1 M M hi
M hi 1 + M hi + hi +1
li1 li 1 x li li x li1 Pe(x) x li Pe(x) x
0 EI(x)
dx +
li 1 0 EI(x) li

(1 )dx =
0 EI(x) l
dx
i 1
0 EI(x)
(1 )dx
li

System of equations
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Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

a) Compatibility method li 1 x x 1
=
f i,i 1 0
(1 )
li 1 li 1 k i 1 (x)
dx ;

li x x dx
=
f i,i +1 0
( )(1 )
li li k i (x)
M i 1 f i,i 1 + M i fi,i + M i +1 fi,i +1 =
i
li 1 x2 1 li x dx
=f i,i
0
(2 )
l i 1 k i 1 (x)
dx + (1 )
0 li k i (x)
li1 Pe(x) x li Pe(x) x
i = ( )dx (1 )dx
0 k i 1 (x) li 1 0 k (x)
i li

For an indeterminate beam of n span, a system of n+1 equations must be solved

M
f11 f12 0 0 1 1
f f f 0 0 M 2 2
21 22 23 M
0 f32 f33 f34 0 0 3 3
=

0 0 0 0 0 0 f n,n 1 f n n f n,n +1
M n n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f n f n,n +1
M n +1 n +1
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

4. Factors affecting secondary moments. Concordant tendons layout.

Factor affecting secondary moments values:


Beam Kinematic conditions
Tendon layout
Prestressing force
Beam stiffness distribution

Concordant layout:
Is defined as the prestress profile that does
not introduce secondary moments because
the layout tendon does not generate
rotation in the supports. Typically, a tendon
located at the centre of the cross section
provides no secondary moments.

For design purposes, concordant tendons


have no interest because they do not cause
any camber, the layout is not the most
adequate for producing the desired stresses
and to provide strength at ULS of flexure
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Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

4. Factors affecting secondary moments. Concordant tendons layout.

Secondary moments in a continuous beam


depend on the ratio between the cable-
sag at mid span (f) and the eccentricity of
that cable in the support.

For pre - design a secondary moment


value can be taken as:

M2 0.15Ph
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

5. Why to obtain secondary moments?

Secondary moments have to be included in sectional verification (ELU and ELS)

Evaluation of envelope of internal forces in ULS


(fg = 1.35 and fq = 1.5 )
Evaluation of secondary forces(p =1)
Equivalent loads Total internal forces Secondary forces

Imposed deformations Secondary forces

ULS Flexure
Section verification in ULS Md Mu
T P
Md = Md + Mhiper Mu

C
Section verification in SLS Md
fcd Mhiper
Crack width or c,max limitations
Diseo avanzado de estructuras de hormign
Advanced concrete structures design
Statically indeterminate prestressed concrete structures

SUMMARY

1. Prestressing produces a set of equivalent loads that are self-equilibrated


2. If these loads produce displacements not compatible with the support conditions, reactions and secondary
forces due to prestressing take place (i.e. statically indeterminate structures such as continuous beams,
frames, etc).
3. Secondary forces depend on the support conditions, tendon layout, prestressing force and beam stiffness
distribution.
4. Secondary moments can be obtained by two ways: a) Indirectly, by obtaining the total forces under the
prestressing equivalent loads and then subtracting the statically determinate prestressing force at each
section Mp,isos = Pecos , b) By analyzing the structure under the imposed curvatures due to prestress in
statically indeterminate concrete beams.
5. A concordant ls the one that does not produce secondary moments. In general is not the most adequate.
6. Secondary moments must be obtained separately from the primary moments to check the SLS and the ULS,
since safety factors affecting prestressing and external loads are different.

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