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Strength Design
Flexure and Shear
481
Code References
2003 International Building Code (IBC)
2006 International Building Code (IBC)
2002 ACI 530/ASCE5/TMS402 by the Masonry
Standards Joint Committee (MSJC)
2005 ACI 530/ASCE5/TMS402 by the Masonry
Standards Joint Committee (MSJC)
Note:
1
Code References for Beam
Design
483
484
2
Beam Strength Design
Masonry strength design is similar to concrete
strength design using the Whitney Stress Block
except that some assumptions are different
Maximum Usable Strain
485
486
3
Equilibrium of Beam Cross Section
Cm = .8 fm a b
a = depth of compression block
Ts = As Fy
Ts = Cm
Asf y
As Fy = .8 fm a b a=
0.80 fm
' b
a
M n = (T )(jd ) = Asf y d -
2
Mu = f Mn
487
A s fy
Mu = f As fy d - As = r b d
(2 )(0.80)f 'm b
(r b d)f y
Mu = f r bdfyd -
(2)(0.80)f 'm b
f fy
Mu = f r bd2 f y 1 - 0.63 r y Let q = r
f 'm f m'
= f b d fm q(1 - 0.63 q)
2
4
Beam Design Example
9.625 Beam is solid grouted 10
inch CMU
Lclear = 8-
8-0
kip-ft; Vu = 80 k
Mu = 160 kip-
Grade 60 steel
Type S Mortar
Determine required
flexural reinforcement
489
490
5
Beam Design Example
2005 MSJC:
2
Mu f b d f'm q ( 1 - 0.63
0.63q
q)
2
( 160) ( 12) ( 0.9) (9.63) ( 42) ( 2.5) q ( 1 - 0.63
0.63q
q)
0.0502 q ( 1 - 0.63
0.63q
q)
2
q - q + 0.0502 = 0
0.63q
0.63
491
492
6
Beam Design Example
2005 MSJC:
Actual Nominal Flexural Capacity:
Mn = b d2 fm q (1-
(1-0.63q) q = [As/(bd)] (fy/fm)
q = [(0.88 in2)/(9.625)(42)] (60ksi/2.5ksi) = 0.0522
Mn = (9.625) (42in2) (2.5ksi) (0.522)[1-
(0.522)[1-0.63(0.522)](1/12/)
Mn = 179 k-
k-ft (will need for upcoming check)
fMn = 0.9*179 k-
k-ft = 161 k-
k-ft > Mu = 160 k-
k-ft
Flexural Capacity OK
and efficient
493
1.3Mcr = 1.3Sxfr
= 1.3*[(9.625 in)*(48 in)2/6]*[(200 psi)/[(12 in/ft)*(1000 lb/k)]]
1.3Mcr = 1.3(61.60 ft-kip) = 80 ft-kip < Mn = 179 k-ft
494
7
Check Maximum Reinforcement
2005 MSJC / 2006 IBC
Section 3.3.3.5.1:
495
8
Beam Shear Strength
Beam shear strength design is similar to concrete shear
strength design.
The total shear strength is based on combined masonry
and steel contributions
497
498
9
Beam Shear Strength
Total masonry shear strength is based on combined
moment and shear components where M is the
moment at the location that shear is checked.
Vm = [4 - 1.75{M/(Vdv)}] An(f m)1/2
500
10
Beam Shear Strength
11
Beam Shear Strength
MSJC 3.1.3: Vn shall exceed the shear
corresponding to 1.25 times the nominal flexural
strength, 1.25Mn, but need not exceed 2.5 times the
required shear strength, 2.5Vu. Call location of
1.25Mn, the ductile location:
503
504
12
Beam Shear Strength
M=0 @ Max V and the shear strength of the
masonry is then,
Vm = [4 - 1.75{M/(Vdv)}] An(f m)1/2
Vm = [4 - 0] (462in2)(2500psi)1/2 + 0 = 92.4 kips
505
506
13
Beam Shear Strength
Calculate stirrup requirements
Vu (Vm+Vs)
507
14
Beam Shear Strength
where maximum spacing, Smax , is from:
MSJC 3.3.4.2.3(e):
Smax = h/2 = (48 in)/2 = 24
Smax = 48 in
509
510
15
Beam Shear Strength
Mu=0 @ Max Vu and thus Mu/Vudv = 0:
Eqn 3-3-19: Vn max = 6An[fm]1/2
Vn max = 6(462in2)(2500psi)1/2= 139 kips MAX
Eqn 3-
3-18 Vn = Vm + Vs or Vs ductile
Vn = 92.4k + 55.8 k = 148.2 kips so =139k max
capacity
Vn = 0.8(139
0.8(139 k)
k) = 111 k ~ Vu ductile = 112 k,
But within 5%, Shear Strength OK for ductile requirement
Eqn 3-
3-18 Vn = Vm + Vs or Vs ductile
Vn = 92.4k + 18.6 k = 111.0 kips capacity<139k
512
16
Beam Shear Strength
The spacing of the stirrups can be increased for the
locations farther away from the support as actual
shear decreases - similar to allowable stress design
or concrete strength design.
513
17