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4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19
Constructed Pavement
1986
2
Structural Number
a1,a2 ,a3 f MR
3
Typical Layer Coefficients
Typical Layer Coefficients
D1 Asphalt
Dense-graded asphalt 0.44
Sand asphalt 0.40
D2 Base Crushed stone base 0.14
Sandy gravel base 0.07
Cement-treated base 0.20
Asphalt-treated base 0.30
D3 Subbase Lime-treated base 0.20
Sandy gravel subbase 0.11
Sand subbase 0.08
4
Pavement Stresses @ 24"
8
7
Subgrade only
Subgrade + 24" Subbase
6 Subgrade + 6" Subbase + 18" Base
Subgrade + 6" Subbase + 12" Base + 6" Asphalt
5
Stress (psi)
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Offset (ft)
5
Resilient Modulus
6
Resilient Modulus
MR
Deviator stress
Axial strain
7
Diametral Resilient Modulus
8
Asphalt Layer Coefficient
9
Granular Soils
EBS k1 k2
11
AASHO Road Test
Moisture k1 k2
State (psi) (-)
Dry 8000 0.6
Damp 4000 0.6
Wet 3200 0.6
WARNING: We dont actually use different values for different moisture states.
This just illustrates the effects of moisture on base layer resilient modulus.
12
Estimating Base
13
Base Layer Coefficient
14
CTB Layer Coefficients
15
ATB Layer Coefficients
16
Subbase Layer
ESB k1 k2
17
AASHO Road Test
Moisture k1 k2
State (psi) (-)
Damp 5400 0.6
Wet 4600 0.6
WARNING: We dont actually use different values for different moisture states.
This just illustrates the effects of moisture on base layer resilient modulus.
18
Estimating Subbase
Asphalt Stress
Thickness State
(in) (psi)
<2 10
24 7.5
>4 5
19
Subbase Layer Coefficients
20
Drainage Coefficients
m2 , m3 f drainage
21
Drainage Quality
Water Removed
Quality
Within
Excellent 2 hours
Good 1 day
Fair 1 week
Poor 1 month
Very Poor No drainage
22
Drainage Coefficients
23
AASHTO Design Equation
4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19
Constructed Pavement
1986
24
Cohesive Soils
25
Estimating Subgrade MR
MR 1500 CBR
WARNING: Only for fine-grained soils with soaked CBR < 10.
26
Estimating Subgrade MR
AASHTO MEPDG
27
MR vs. CBR
15000
MR = 1500 CBR
12000
9000
MR (psi)
MR = 2555 CBR0.64
6000
3000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CBR
28
MR vs. CBR
80000
70000
MR = 1500 CBR
60000
50000
MR (psi)
40000
MR = 2555 CBR0.64
30000
20000
10000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
CBR
29
Seasonal Moisture Effects
Winter Freeze
Recovery
Modulus
Spring Thaw
Time
30
Seasonal Moisture Effects
31
WSDOT
32
Minnesota DOT
Description All Layers Base Thaws, Base HMA Low, All Layers
Are Frozen SG Frozen Recovers, SG Recovers Are Standard
SG Thaws
Pavement Layer Moduli Relative to Fall Values
HMA High High Standard Low Standard
Base High Low Low Standard Standard
SG High High Low Low Standard
33
Minnesota DOT
Description All Layers Base Thaws, Base HMA Low, All Layers
Are Frozen SG Frozen Recovers, SG Recovers Are Standard
SG Thaws
Seasonal Modulus Factors
HMA 2.6 2.1 1.4 0.4 1.0
Base
SG 22 2.4 0.73 0.75 1.0
34
AASHTO Design Equation
4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19
Constructed Pavement
35
AASHTO Design Equation
4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Ti
5.19
log10 W18 i Q Ti 18 i
W 10 Q
10Ti
36
Standard Vehicle
1
dS consumption per passage
NS
37
Seasonal Damage per ESAL
1 1.18 108
Let u i Ti
M R i
2.32
10
1 1 ui
di Q Ti Q
W18 i 10 10 10
di = damage per ESAL in Season i
38
Average Damage per ESAL
1 n 1 1 n 1 1 n uf
d fidi Q fi u i Q fi u i Q
n i1 n 10 i1 10 n i1 10
39
Effective Modulus
1.18 108
uf
M R eff
2.32
3005
M R eff 0.431
u
40
Example
Period MR ui N ui N
Dec-Feb 20,000 3
Mar 2500 1
Apr-May 4000 2
Jun-Nov 7000 6