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Dirt Wall
1599.0 mm Depth at Centre
1500.0 mm at edge
1.507m
C/L of Bearing
1.882m
1.807m
RL99.740 BOD
RL99.682 BOB
150 RL99.532 BOP
300 RL99.232 BOBB
320 mm
280 mm TOE
4.192m
600 mm
4.492
6374
4192
0 0
600
5700 mm footing
1300
700 RL93.740
Bottom of Footing
1
9.00 kN
Kerb & Hand Rail Top of Return wall
475 RL101.208
1.976m
RL99.232
6.168m
4.192m
475 525
1000
2
Geometric data:
Carriageway of the bridge = 10.900 m
Raod way of the Bridge = 12.000 m
Span C/C of Expansion joint = 16.600 m
Overall span, Length of Deck = 16.560 m
Effective Span = 16.000 m
Width of Foot path = .750 m
Soil parameters
Angle of repose = 35 = 0.611 rad
Angle of wall friction = 22.5 = 0.393 rad
Angle of surcharge = 0 = 0.000 rad
Angle of internal wall slope tan-1(0 / 4192)+90 = 90 = 1.571 rad
Unit weight of soil = 18 KN/m
3
Loading Data:-
No. of Lanes = 3
No. of Vehicles admitted = 3
Class A Wheeled = 2
Class 70R Wheeled = 1
Live Load Reaction from Superstructure = 584.000 kN
Live Load on the span - 70R = 1000.000 kN
Live load on the span - Class -A 2 lane = 1108.000 kN
Permanent Load on Super Structure = 2880.000 kN
Surfcaing Load on Super Structure = 262.000 kN
Material data:-
Grade of concrete = M 30
Condition of exposure = Moderate
Grade of Steel fyk = Fe 500
Design value of concrete compressive strength, fcd = 20 Mpa
Design yield strength of reinforcement, fyd = 435 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es 200000
Partial safety factor for concrete, c = 1.50
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Partial safety factor for steel, s = 1.15
Clear Cover to reinforcement in stem & return Walls = 40
Diameter of main Reinforcement ( Tension ) = 16 mm
Dia. Of the Distribution rebar for Main Reinforcement = 12 mm
Diameter of the Compression reinforcement = 12 mm
Dia of the Rebar to Distributor for compression reinf = 10 mm
Design notes:
The design is based on the provisions of the following IRC codes.
1. IRC : 5 -1998
2. IRC : 6 -2000
3. IRC : 112-2011
Length of abutment at top = 12.000 m
Length of abutment at top of pile cap = 12.000 m
width of Stem at bottom 300+320+280 = 900
Eccentricity for the Vertical load = 900 / 2 - 280
170
i.e., 0.170 m towards toe
Permanent Load From Super Structure
Dead Load From Super Structure = 2880 /2
= 1440 kN
Intensity of Load per Metre = 1440 / 12
= 120.00 kN/m
Moment due to the dead Load = 120 x 0.17
20.40 kN-m
4
Dead Load From Super Structure = 262 /2
= 131 kN
Intensity of Load per Metre = 131 / 12
= 10.92 kN/m
Moment due to the dead Load = 10.917 x 0.17
1.86 kN-m
5
Horizontal Deformation on one side ( on abutment ) = 0.0004925 x 16.56 x 1000 /2
= 4.078E+00
Total thickness of Bearing = 64 mm
Effective thickness of bearing = 64 - (4 x 0)
64 mm
Shear Strain = 4.0779 / 64
6.372E-02
considering 10% Variation in the Efficiency of the Bearing force developed
= 1.1x0.9 x 0.06372 X 488 x 308 X 4
= 37926.3887
= 37.93 kN
Under span Loaded condition
Horizontal Due to Temp & Shrinakge Force
Total Longitudinal Force = 37.93
= 37.93 kN
This force acts at bearing Level
Intensity of the Force per Metre = 37.93 / 12
= 3.16 kN
Moment due to to LL at top foundation = 3.16 x 4.7
= 14.852 kN-m
= 14.857 kN-m
Moment due to to LL at Bottom foundation = 3.161 x 6
= 18.966 kN-m
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
Earth pressure Calculations are done using Coulumb's Formula
Ka = (sin2( - f ) 1
X x cos
2
((sin () X sin ( - d ) (1 + k) 2
6
Here = f Angle of internal Friction = 35.00 0.6108652
= Angle of wall Friction = 22.50 0.3926991
= Angle of surcharge = 0.00 0
= Angle of internal wall slope = 90 1.5707963
= g unit weight of soil = 18.00kN/cum
sin(35+22.5) x sin ( 35 - 0)
K =
sin(90+22.5) x sin ( 90 - 0)
k = 0.8434x 0.5736
0.9239x 1
= 0.7236
0.671 1
= X X
1x 0.924 2.970797 0.924
7
Self Weight
Weight/Rm Lever Arm Moment
Sl .No Decription 'kN' 'm' kN-m
1 Below Bed block
0.6x 4.192 x 25 62.88 0.3 18.8640
2 Below Dirt Wall
0.3x 4.192 x 25 31.44 0.75 23.5800
3 Bed Block
0.9x 0.3 x 25 6.75 0.450 3.0375
4 Dirt Wall
0.3 x 1.807 x 25 13.5525 0.750 10.1644
5 Front Batter
1/2x 0x 4.192 x 25 0 0.000 0.0000
TOTAL 114.6225 55.6459
3 Self Weight
114.623 0.00 -4.012
Horizontal Reaction due to Temp
4
& Shrinkage 0.00 3.16 14.852
5 Earth Pressure due to back fill 0.00 82.60 221.128
6 i) Variable Load ( Live load ) 48.667 0.00 8.273
ii) Pedestal Live load 4.45 0.00 0.757
Horizontal Reaction due to
7
Braking force 0.00 16.67 78.349
8
Vertical Load Horizont
Moments
Decription in al Load
Sl .No 'kN' in
'kN' in kN-m
Permanent Load From Super
1
Structure 120.000 0 20.400
Surfacing Load From Super
2
Structure 10.917 0 1.856
3 Self Weight
114.623 0 -4.012
Horizontal Reaction due to Temp
4
& Shrinkage 0.000 3.161 14.857
5 Earth Pressure
0.000 82.601 221.128
9
Partial safety factor for concrete, c = 1.50
Partial safety factor for steel, s = 1.15
1.2 Geometric Data;
Consider a one meter of stem (Width), b = 1000 mm
Thickness of stem, D = 900 mm
Clear cover to any reinforcement = 40 mm (Moderate)
10
2
Provide 20 mm and Providing 150 mm c/c 2095.00 mm
2
Provide mm and Providing 160 mm c/c 0.00 mm
2095.00
Safe
Compression Reinforcement for Stem:
Minimum Steel of
2063 mm2
Tensionreinforcement=
Minimum steel = 25% of Astmin
= 0.25x 2063
2
= 515.75 mm
2
= 510 mm
2
Hence Provide Min Steel = 515.75 mm
Required 12 mm and Providing 219 mm c/c
2
Provide 12 mm and Providing 150 mm c/c 754.00 mm
Safe
As per Cl.16.6.1.1.3 of IRC: 112 -2011
Secondary transverse reinforcement should be provided in one way slab. This should be at least 20% of the main
reinforcement
= 2095 x 0.2
2
= 419 mm
2
= 510 mm
Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c
2
Ast provided = 754 mm Safe
11
Daimeter of Rod = 20 mm mm
d/8 = 825.248 /8 = 103.156 mm
OK Diameter of bar
Punching shear resistance of Slabs
VRd,c = [0.18/ c k (80 1 fck ) 1/3 + (0.1cp) > Vmin (0.1cp)
IRC112-Pg.No:103-Eq.No:10.33
v min = 0.031 k 3/2 fck 1/2 IRC112-Pg.No:104
= 0.309
k = 1 + (200/d) 2.0 IRC112-Pg.No:103-Eq.No:10.34
= 1.492
1 = ly * lz 0.02
12
Design of Footing - Normal Case
Detail of Foundation
Type of foundation = Open Foundation
Type of Footing = Isolated footing
Footing dimension
in Logitudinal direction = 5.700 m
in transverse direction = 14.60 m
Depth of Footing = 1.30 m
Ground Level at site = RL96.740
Top of Footing = RL95.040
Bottom of Footing = RL93.740
Exposure = (Moderate)
Grade of concrete for Pile cap = M 35
Grade of concrete for Piles = M 35
Modular ratio adopted = 25
Grade of steel adopted = Fe 415
Clear Cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Length of approach slab = 3.50 m
Self Weight
Summary of Weigth / Rm and Moment 1m
Weight/Rm Lever Arm from Moment
Sl .No Decription 'kN' CG of Toe 'm' kN-m
1 Below Bed block - Stem
0.6x 1 x 4.192 x 25 62.88 1.600 100.6080 c.w
2 Below Dirt Wall
0.3x 1 x 4.192 x 25 31.44 2.05 64.4520 c.w
3 Bed Block
0.9x1 x 0.3 x 25 6.75 1.750 11.8125 c.w
4 Dirt Wall
0.3x 1.807 x 1 x 25 13.5525 2.050 27.7826 c.w
5 Weight of Earth on heel Side
13
TOTAL 834 2870.000
Direct Load = 834
Moment = 2870 3.441 m
Eccentricity for the direct load from superstructure
= 5.7/2-(3.441)
-0.59 m
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS - LL on Span - At foundation
Restore OT
SL DESCRIPTION Vertl KN Horzl KN L A toe Moment Moment
1 Load of abutment 834.0 0.00 3.441 2869.79
Active earth
2
pressure 82.6 2.677 221.13
Permanent Load
3 120.0
fromSuperstructure 1.58 189.60
Surface Load
4 10.9
fromSuperstructure 1.58 17.25
Live Load from
5 48.7
Superstructure 1.58 76.89
Vert Reaction due to
6 3.2
braking 1.58 5.07
Horiz force Temp &
7
shrinkage 3.16 6 18.96
Horiz force braking
8
etc 16.67 6 100.02
9 Centrifugal force
Total 1017.0 103.00 3159.00 341.00
14
Serviceability Condition
Summary of Factored Loads And Moments
Equilibrium Condition for Basic Combination
SL.NO DESCRIPTION Horzl KN Overturning
Vertl KN Restoring
Factored or Silding or
Factored Load Moment
Load Uplift Effect
15
Stress at heel = 163.40 m kN/sqm
= 235.235 kN/sqm
At toe At heel
Span loaded condition 193.446 163.40 m
16
Equilibrium condition
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS - LL on Span - At foundation
Restoring
or Overturning Vertl Horzl Restore OT
SL DESCRIPTION L A toe
Resisting Effect KN KN Moment Moment
Effect
17
Vert Reaction due
0 1.5 0.0 0 0.00 0 0
5 to braking
18
Stress at toe 918 6 0.21
= 1
5.7 5.7
= 196.654 kN/sqm
Stress at heel = 125.45 m kN/sqm
Approach loaded condition
Vertical laod = 918 kN
Net moment at founding level = 2924 - 1020
= 1904.00 kNm
Dist of resultant from toe = 1904 / 918
= 2.07 m
Eccentricity = 2.85 - 2.07
= 0.78 m
towards toe
SV 6e
= 1
Stress at toe or heel B B
= 293.285 kN/sqm
At toe At heel
Span loaded condition 196.654 125.45 m
19
Permanent Load
3 fromSuperstructur 1.35 1.35 162.0 0 1.58 256 0
e
Surface Load
4 fromSuperstructur 1.75 1.75 19.1 0 1.58 30 0
e
Live Load from
5 1.50 1.50 73.0 0 1.58 115 0
Superstructure
Vert Reaction due
6 1.50 1.50 4.8 0 1.58 8 0
to braking
Horiz force Temp
7 1.35 1.35 0.0 4.266 6 0 25.60
& shrinkage
Horiz force
8 1.50 1.50 0.0 25.005 6 0 150.03
braking etc
9 Centrifugal force 1.50 1.50 0.0 0 0 0 0
1385.0 154 4284 508
20
Span loaded condition
Check for sliding
Horizontal force = 154 KN
Resistance against sliding = 1385 x 0.5 = 692.5 KN
Factor of safety = 692.5 / 154
= 4.497 > 1.5 Ok
Check for overturning
Horizontal force = 508
Resisting moment = 4284
Factor of safety = 8.433 > 2 Ok
Approach loaded condition
Check for sliding
Horizontal force = 304
Resistance against sliding = 1308 x 0.5 = 654
Factor of safety = 654 / 304
2.151 > 1.5 Ok
Check for overturning
Overturning moment = 1029
Resisting moment = 4161
Factor of safety = 4.044 > 2 Ok
Pressure at founding level
Span loaded condition
Vertical laod = 1385 kN
Net moment at founding level = 4284 - 508
= 3776 kNm
Dist of resultant from toe = 3776 / 1385
= 2.726 m
Eccentricity = 2.85 - 2.726
= 0.12 m
towards toe
Stress at toe or heel SV 6e
= 1
B B
21
Stress at toe 1308 6 0.46
= 1
5.7 5.7
= 340.587 kN/sqm
At toe At heel
Span loaded condition 273.675 212.29 m
HEEL
BM at heel = 212.29 x 3.50^2 / 2 + 37.69 x 3.50^2 / 3
= 1454 kNm
BM due to self weight
1 = 3.5 x 1.3 x 25 x 3.5 / 2
= 199.06 kNm
2 = 3.5 x 1.3 x 25/ 2 x ( 3.5 x 2 / 3 )
= 132.708
BM due to self weight = 199.0625 + 132.708
= 331.77
BM due to overburden
22
1 = 3.5 x 6.374 x 20 x3.5/2
= 780.815
BM due to overburden = 780.815
= 783.265 kNm
Total clock moment = 1454
Totalanti clockwise moment = 331.7705 + 783.265
= 1115.04
HEEL
BM at heel = 118.36 x 3.50^2 / 2 + 136.46 x 3.50^2 / 3
= 1282 kNm
BM due to self weight
1 = 3.5 x 1.3 x 25 x 3.5 / 2
= 199.06 kNm
2 = 3.5 x 1.3 x 25/ 2 x ( 3.5 x 2 / 3 )
= 132.708
BM due to self weight = 199.0625 + 132.708
= 331.77
BM due to overburden
1 = 3.5 x 6.374 x 20 x3.5/2
= 780.815
23
BM due to overburden = 780.815
= 780.815 kNm
Total clock moment = 1282
Totalanti clockwise moment = 331.7705 + 780.815
= 1112.59
Bending moments
Toe Heel clockwise +
Span Loaded 208.96 338.96 kNm
Approach Loaded 255.16 169.41 kNm
24
2
= 4928.4 d + 5.476 d
Vu2 < Vc2 = 6473000 < 4928.4+5.476
= -4928.4+sqrt(4928.4^2-4x5.476x-6473000)/2x5.476
d = 636.68 mm < 1300 mm Safe
Evidently, in this Case, Two - way Shear is governs the thickness
Hence Provided Overall Depth = 1300 mm
Effective Depth = 1300-75-8 = 1217
Design of Flexural Reinforcement
Factored moment
Mu = 339.00 kNm
= 339 x 10^6
Mu/ bd2 = 0.229 N/mm2
M30
= 1- sqrt(1 - 4.598 x 0.229/30)
2x 500
Pt = 0.053
= 0.053x1000x1217/100 = 646 mm2
Check minimum reinforcement
As min = 0.26 fctm b d / fyk
fctm = 0.259 (fck)^2/3
= 0.259*30)^2/3 = 2.501
As min = (0.26*2.501*1000*1217)/(500)
= 1583 mm2
Pt Min = 100X1583/(1217x1000)
= 0.130
= 1583 mm2
Required 16 mm and Providing 127 mm c/c
25
Check for Cracking
steel area greater than 0.12 % bd = 0.12%x 1000 x 1300
2
= 1560 mm
Spacing Less than 3d = 3x = 3651 mm ( Required )
180 mm ( Provided)
OK Spacing of bar
Diameter of rod < d/8
Daimeter of Rod = 16 mm
d/8 = /8 = 152.125 mm
OK Diameter of bar
Punching shear resistance of Slabs
VRd,c = [0.18/ c k (80 1 fck ) 1/3 + (0.1cp) > Vmin (0.1cp)
IRC112-Pg.No:103-Eq.No:10.33
v min = 0.031 k 3/2 fck 1/2 IRC112-Pg.No:104
= 0.283
k = 1 + (200/d) 2.0 IRC112-Pg.No:103-Eq.No:10.34
= 1.405
1 = ly * lz 0.02
26
0.25 0.370
One - way Shear Resistence Vc1 = 0.29 x 5700 x d
= 1653 d N
Vu1 < Vc1 = 2526810 - 1943.7d < 1653d
2526810
d = = 703 mm
3596.7
Two - Way Shear
The Critical Section is at distance 'd/2' from the periphery of the Stem
Vu2 = 0.341 x (5700^2 - (900+ d )^2
Assuming d = 703 mm
Vu2 = 10203 x 10^3 N
Two - way Shear Resistence Vc2 = ks c x ( 4 x ( 0 + d ) d)
Where ks = 1
c = 0.25x Sqrt (30)
= 1.369 Mpa ( refer Cl.31.6.3.1 of the code )
Vc2 = 1 x 1.369x 4d x (5700+d)
2
= 31213.2 d + 5.476 d
Vu2 < Vc2 = 10203000 < 31213.2+5.476
= -31213.2+sqrt(31213.2^2-4x5.476x-10203000)/2x5.476
d = 310.02 mm < 1300 mm Safe
Evidently, in this Case, One-way Shear is governs the thickness
Hence Provided Overall Depth = 1300 mm
Effective Depth = 1300-75-8 = 1217
Design of Flexural Reinforcement
Factored moment
Mu = 256.00 kNm
= 256 x 10^6
Mu/ bd2 = 0.173 N/mm2
M30
= 1- sqrt(1 - 4.598 x 0.173/30)
2x 415
Pt = 0.048
= 0.048x1000x1217/100 = 585 mm2
Check minimum reinforcement
As min = 0.26 fctm b d / fyk
fctm = 0.259 (fck)^2/3
= 0.259*30)^2/3 = 2.501
As min = (0.26*2.501*1000*1217)/(500)
= 1583 mm2
Pt Min = 100X1583/(1217x1000)
= 0.130
= 1583 mm2
Required 16 mm and Providing 127 mm c/c
27
Minimum Steel of = 2236 mm2
Tensionreinforcement
Minimum steel = 25% of Ast
2
= 0.25x 2236 = 559 mm
2
0.06% = 0.06% x 1000X1217 = 730.2 mm
Required 16 mm and Providing 275 mm c/c
2
Provide 16 mm and Providing 180 mm c/c 1118.00 mm (e)
OK
Distribution
Secondary Reinforcement
transverse @ toeshould
reinforcement Slab: be provided in As
oneper
wayCl.16.6.1.1.3 of IRC:be
slab. This should 112
at-2011
least 20% of the main
reinforcement
= 2236 x 0.2
2
= 447 mm
28
Design of Wing normal
9.00 kN/m
475 Top of return Wall
RL 101.208
475
1976
1976
475 RL 99.232
2.65
4192
Rear Batter
1000 150
RL 95.040
60 525 475
0
1300
RL 93.740
DATA:-
Geometric data :
Top of Return wall = RL 101.208
Bottom of stem / Top of foundation = RL 95.040
Width of stem at top = 0.475 m
Width of stem at sill = 0.475m
Width of stem at base = 1.000m
Width of rear batter = 0.525m
Width of front batter = 0.000m
Width of Haunch at top = 0.000m
Depth of Haunch rectangular = 0.000m
Depth of Haunch triangular = 0.000m
Height of stem above GL = 1.976m
Height of stem triangular portion = 4.192m
Height of return wall = 6.168m
Soil Parameters:
Angle of internal friction f = 35.00
Angle of wall fiction d = 22.50
Angle of surcharge b30 = 0.00
Angle of Internal wall slope a tan-1 ( 525 / 4192 ) + 90 = 97.14
Angle of Internal wall slope
Unit weight of soil g = 20.0kN/cum
Material data:
Exposure = Moderate
Grade of Concrete = M-35
Grade of Steel fyk = Fe 500
Design value of concrete compressive strength, fcd = 23 Mpa
Design yield strength of reinforcement, fyd = 435 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200000 N/mm2
Partial safety factor for concrete, c = 1.50
Partial safety factor for steel, s = 1.15
Unit weight of concrete = 25kN/cu.m
Clear Cover to reinforcement for stem = 75mm
CALCULTION OF FORCES AND MOMENTS IN RETURN WALL
The intensity of earth pressure is calculated using Coulomb's formula
and coefficients of Active earth pressure are calculated as follows
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
COULUMB'S FORMULA
Earth pressure calculations are done using
Design of Wing normal
0.782 1
x x x 0.9239
0.9846 x 0.8692 3.0588
= 0.913 x 0.3269 x 0.9239 = 0.2759
Adopting a clear cover of 475 mm and Providing 12 mm dia. As the main rebar
Effective Depth available d = 475-75-6
d= 394 mm
Design of Bending Moment M = 32 kN.m
Design of Shear force VEd = 88 kN
Design of Horizontal H = 16 kN.m
Design of Main reinforcement
Determination of x/d
X/d = 1.2 - ((1.44 - (6.68M u / fck b d2 ))1/2
= 1.2-(1.44-(6.68*32x10^6 )/ (35x 1000x394^2))1/2
= 0.017
To determine the Depth
d = Mu/0.138fck b
= 32x10^6/(0.138x35x1000)
= 81.4
required d 81.4 < 475 mm Safe
= 341.0 mm2
Check minimum reinforcement
As min = 0.26 fctm b d / fyk
fctm = 0.259 (fck)^2/3
= 0.259*35)^2/3 = 2.771
As min = (0.26*2.772*1000*394)/(500)
= 568 mm2
Check maximum reinforcement
As max = 0.04 Ac
= 0.04*1000*475
= 19000 mm2
2
Main Steel Required = 568 mm
Required 12 mm and Providing 199 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm and Providing 150 mm c/c 754.00 mm2 OK
As per Cl.16.6.1.1.3
Secondary transverseofreinforcement
IRC: 112 -2011should be provided
in one way slab. This should be at least 20% of the main
= 754 x 0.2
2
= 151 mm
2
0.06% = 236.4 mm
Required 10 mm and Providing 332 mm c/c
Provide 10 mm mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c
2
Ast provided = 393 mm OK
Adopting a clear cover of 1000 mm and Providing 16 mm dia. As the main rebar
Effective Depth available d = 1000-75-8
d= 917 mm
Design of Bending Moment M = 592 kN.m
Design of Shear force VEd = 404 kN
Design of Horizontal H = 50 kN.m
Design of Main reinforcement
Determination of x/d
X/d = 1.2 - ((1.44 - (6.68M u / fck b d2 ))1/2
= 1.2-(1.44-(6.68*592x10^6 )/ (35x 1000x917^2))1/2
= 0.057
Design of Wing normal
2
Main Steel Required = 1322 mm
Required 16 mm and Providing 164 mm c/c
2
Provide 16 mm and Providing 150 mm c/c 1341.00 mm
Provide mm and Providing 150 mm c/c 0.00 mm2
1341.00 OK
Design of Wing normal
As per Cl.16.6.1.1.3
Secondary 12
transverseofreinforcement
IRC: 112
10 -2011should be provided
in one way slab. This should be at least 20% of the main
= 1341 x 0.2
2
= 268 mm
2
0.06% = 550.2 mm
Required 12 mm and Providing 206 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c
2
Ast provided = 565 mm OK
= 0.001 0.1 %
cp = ( cy + cz ) /2
cy = NEd.Y / Acy
= 404x10^3 / (1000 x 895.256)
= 0.451
cp = 0.451 = 0.451
VRd,c = (0.18/1.5) *1.467*((80*0.01*35)^(1/3))+(0.1*0.451 <
Vmin+(0.1x0.451)"
= 0.2932 < 0.3711
Design of Wing seismic
Angle of incl. of the earth fill with the horizontal I = 0.00 degrees
= 0.00 radians
STATIC CONDITION
Ca = sin 2 ( q - f )
x cos d
sin 2 q sin ( q + d ) ( 1 + k ) 2
Where
q = Angle that the face of wall makes with the horizontal line in
clockwise direction
Inclined face of Abutment = 90 + tan-1( 0.53 / 4.19 )= 97.1 0
Design of Wing seismic
1/2
k = sin ( f + d ) sin ( f - a )
sin ( q + d ) sin ( q - a )
Parameters q0 f0 d0 a0 k Ca Ca
Inclined face of Abutment 97.14 35 22.50 0 0.75 0.30 0.2595
Say 0.2595
SEISMIC CONDITION
2
Ca = 1+- a v cos ( f - q - l )
cos2 q cos(q + d + l)cos( l ) ( 1 + k )2
q = Angle that the face of wall makes with the horizontal line in clockwise direction
Vertical face of retaining wall
1/2
k = sin ( f + d ) sin ( f - I - l )
cos ( q + I ) cos ( q + d + l )
l = tan -1 ah = tan
-1
0.05 l = 2.86 0
= 0.05 rad
1+- a v 1+- 0.00
Parameters q0 f0 d0 I l k Ca Cacos(q + d)
Incl. face of
0.12 0.61 0.39 0.00 0.05 0.73 0.33 0.2869
Abutment
Sl. Moment
Details Forces 'kN' Lever arm 'm'
No. 'kN-m'
1 Crash barrier As per details 9.000 1.00 /2+ 6.2 6.668 60.01
2 Stem vertical 1.976x0.48 x25.00 37.663 1.98 /2+ 4.19 5.180 195.09
3 Stem trianlge 0.000x0.000/2 x25.00 0.000 0.00 /3+ 4.19 4.192 0.00
4 Soil over heel Triangle 0.000x0.000/2 x20.00 0.000 0.00 2*/3+ 4.19 4.192 0.00
5 Soil over extended width 1.976x3.609x20.00 142.605 1.98 /2+ 4.19 5.180 738.67
of heel Rectangle
6 Soil over heel Rectangle 1.976x0.000x20.00 0.000 1.98 /2+ 4.19 5.180 0.00
Total 189.267 993.77
Seismic Force = 0.050 x 189.27 = 9.46 kN
Seismic bending moment = 0.050 x 993.77 = 49.69 kNm
Factored Summary of Force and Moments @ 6.167751 L.L.S (AL)+A.E.P ( AL)+ Seismic ( LL)
Vertical Horizonta Moment
Sl .No Decription Factored Load in l Load in
'kN' 'kN' in kN-m
1 Self Weight 1.35 237.722 32.513
2 Active Earth Pressure 1.00 104.944 271.853
3 Live Load Surcharge 0.2 1.324 8.167 25.187
4 Seismic 1.50 14.195 74.533
Total 343.991 22.362 404.085
30
600 320
1.807
30 500
300
1100
650mm
900mm
Roadway Direction
Traffic Direction
2.7
Due to Permanent load = 504.00 kN
Due to Surfacing load = 48.00 kN
Due to Live load = 433.00 kN
= sco x (A1/A2)0.5
sco = 8.750 Mpa
(A1/A2)^0.5 = 2.18 > 2 SAFE and restrict it to 2
Hence, A1/A2 = 2.00 and scc = 17.500 Mpa
= P/A2 = 6.847 Mpa
< 17.500 Mpa SAFE
Ast Required = 300x900 x1 /400
675 mm2 /face @ top & bottom
Providing 12 dia bars of 7 nos per face
Ast Provided = 791.68 mm2
(Longitudinal bars)
Providing 12 dia bars @ 140 mm c/c
Ast Provided (stirupps) = 807.84 mm2
DESIGN OF DIRTWALL
DATA:- Width of dirt wall = 300mm
Depth of dirt wall = 1.507m
Exposure = Moderate
Grade of Concrete = M-35
Grade of Steel = Fe -500
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 40 mm
1.507
Width of dispersion
###
Vertical Horizont Moment
Sl .No Decription
Load
'kN'in al'kN'
Load in kN-m
Selfweight 11.303 0.00 8.516
1 Braking Force 7.28 19.465
2 Active Earth Pressure 5.130 0.00 3.247
3 Live Load Surcharge 8.170 0.63 6.156
2
Main Steel Required = 531 mm
Required 12 mm and Providing 213 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm and Providing
150 mm c/c 754.00 mm2 OK