Rizal, officially known as the Province of Rizal (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Rizal) is a province in

the Philippines located in theCALABARZON region, just 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The
province is named after Jos Rizal, one of the main national heroes of the Philippines. Rizal is
bordered by Metro Manila to the west, Bulacan to the north, Quezon to the east and Laguna to the
southeast. The province also lies on the northern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the
country. Rizal is a mountainous province perched on the western slopes of the southern portion of
the Sierra Madre mountain range. Antipolo offers a panoramic view of Metro Manila and is the
location of the Hinulugang Taktak, a waterfall attraction.

History[edit]
Tagalog settlement arrived in Rizal who were originally Chinese[4] and later had interactions and
admixtures with Arab traders long before the Spanish conquest. The provincial territory began with
the organization of the Tondo province and Laguna provinceduring the Spanish administration.
Some of the towns like Pasig, Paraaque, Taytay and Cainta were already thriving.
From the reports of the Encomiendas in 1582-1583, the Encomiendas of Moron (Morong) was under
the jurisdiction of La Lagunaand, the Encomiendas of Passi (Pasig), Taitay (Taytay)
and Tagui (Taguig) belonged to the Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the
Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan Order in the
Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas of Nabotas (Navotas), Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo,
Paraaque, Longalo (Dongalo), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of the Augustinians in
the Province of Tondo.
In 1853, a new political subdivision was formed. This consisted of the towns of Antipolo (now a city),
Bosoboso, Cainta and Taytay from the Province of Tondo; and the towns
of Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla, Angono, Binangonan and Jalajala from the Province of La Laguna,
with the capital at Morong. This district was later changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong after
four years.
In 1860, by virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 1859, the Province of Tondo became
the Province of Manila. All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and
control of the Governor of the new province.
The town of Mariquina (Marikina) became the capital of the Province of Manila during the tenure of
the revolutionary government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. The Province of Morong had for its capital
the town of Antipolo for the period 1898-1899, and the town of Tanay for 1899-1900.
On February 6, 1901, the First Philippine Commission sought to establish civil government in the
country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American
conflicts.
Therefore, on June 5, 1901, a historic meeting was held at the Pasig Catholic Church for the
organization of a civil government in the Provinces of Manila and Morong, with 221 delegates in
attendance. The first Philippine Commission, headed by William Howard Taft and composed of
Commissioners Luke E. Wright, Henry C. Ide, Bernard Moses and Dean C. Worcester, discussed
with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write the Province of Manila with Morong Province,
was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province.
Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo and Jos Tupas, objected to the
proposal, Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate
and upon the suggestion of Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new
province independent of the Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named after Jose Rizal,
the country's national hero.
On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of an Act No.
137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral
legislative body in the island of Luzon.
The new province was composed of 29 municipalities, 17 from the old Province of
Manila (Caloocan, Las Pias, Mariquina (Marikina), Lumisang-Aguho, Montalban
(Rodriguez), Muntinlupa, Navotas, Novaliches, Paraaque, Pasig, Pateros, Pineda (Pasay), San
Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong), San Juan del Monte (San Juan), San Mateo, San Pedro Macati
(Makati), Taguig,Tambobong (Malabon)); and 12 from the Politico-Militar District of Morong,
(Angono, Baras, Binangonan, Cainta, Antipolo,Cardona, Jalajala, Morong, Pililla, Tanay, Taytay and
Teresa). The City of Manila from the old Province of Manila was treated as a separate entity. The
seat of the provincial government was Pasig.
In year 1939, Quezon City was established, which included parts of Caloocan, and later on,
Novaliches and parts of Marikina and San Juan towns.

World War II[edit]

During World War II, Japanese fighter and bomber planes rained explosives on the province in
December 1941. Japanese Imperial troops invaded Rizal in 1942 at the onset of the Japanese
Occupation.[further explanation needed] The establishment of the General Headquarters of the Philippine
Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary went the military stationed in Rizal from January
3, 1942 to June 30, 1946 against the Japanese Occupation.[incomprehensible]
Many Rizaleos organised themselves into a resistance movement, grouped in some places as the
Hunters ROTC and the Marking's Filipino-American Troops (MFAT) in guerrilla camps in the
province's mountains. The guerrilla forces also aided Filipino soldiers in the Philippine
Commonwealth Army and American troops in fighting the Japanese troops. The local military unit of
the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active from January 3, 1942 to June 30, 1946, while the
local unit of the Philippine Constabulary was active from October 28, 1944 to June 30, 1946.[further
explanation needed]
United States forces had liberated parts of Luzon by January 1945. During the Allied
Liberation that lasted until August that year, the combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth
military ground troops aided the local Rizaleo Hunters ROTC and MFAT.

Post-war[edit]
Through Presidential Decree 824, Rizal was partitioned on 7 November 1975 to form the National
Capital Region. The municipalities of Las Pias, Paraaque, Muntinlupa, Taguig, Pateros, Makati,
Mandaluyong, San Juan, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig and Marikina, and the three cities of Caloocan,
Pasay and Quezon City were excised to form the new region, while the other 14 towns remained in
Rizal.[5]
Rizal Governor Dr. Casimiro Ynares III on June 17, 2008 announced the transfer of the Capitol
from Pasig. Its 270-million capitol building, constructed in Antipolo by Ortigas & Co., owner
thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on 5-hectare lot at the Ynares Center, it
employs 2,008 employees.[6] The New Capitol was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009,
bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory, from which it was absent for 33
years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila).

Geography[edit]
Rizal covers a total area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi)[7] occupying the northern-
central section of the Calabarzon in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan, east
by Quezon, southeast by Laguna, south by the Laguna de Bay, and west by Metro Manila.
Located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach the
provincial seat which is at Antipolo. Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's
southern towns lie in the shores of Laguna de Bay, the country's largest inland body of water. The
province has an area of 1,191.94 square kilometres (460.21 sq mi).[1]
Talim Island, the largest island situated within the Laguna de Bay is under the jurisdiction of the
province.
Morong is a second class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2010
census, it has a population of 52,194 inhabitants.[3] A popular attraction is Spanish-era St. Jerome's
Parish Church. The town is also known for featuring thebalaw-balaw side dish.
Morong is also known for having education as its priority- "Una Ang Education" (Education first), that
is why during the early-1970s and early-1990s, it became the center of education. Students from
different places mostly in the nearby towns of Rizal would come and study in Morong.

History[edit]
Morong was considered the province before it was called Rizal. Its original name was Politico
Militar Distrito de Morong, which included the towns that make up present-day Rizal province.

Discovery, Founding and Christianization[edit]

On January 16, 1572, Captain Juan Maldonado, a trusted officer under Martin de Goiti, a Deputy of
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, came to a thriving community by a river while leading a Spanish
contingent exploring the areas East of Manila. They named the community, Moron, after a township
in Spain. This happened almost a year after Martin De Goit occupied Manila after routing the forces
of Rajah Soliman (Sulayman).[4]
The Spaniards found an organized community along both banks of the river but outlying
settlements/barangays were in conflict with each other. The barangays were subjugated and the
natives Christianized starting 1578 by Franciscan missionaries Juan de Placencia and Diego de
Oropesa. They constructed chapels (visitas) attached to a bigger settlement to allow religious and
civil administration. Later, this settlement was converted into a pueblo. which they called Pueblo de
Moron. The letter "g" was added to Moron as years
passed. Baras, Tanay, Pililla, Cardona, Binangonan and Teresa were the visitas under Pueblo de
Morong.[4]
Pueblo de Morong was made the provincial capital of the Franciscan Order at that time.[4]
The visita of Pilang separated from Morong and became the independent town
of Pililla. Binangonan followed in 1621.[4]

Politico-Militar Distrito de Morong[edit]

Main article: Distrito de Morong
The Politico-Militar Distrito de Morong or Distrito de Morong was created out of the provinces
of Manila and Laguna composing the pueblos of
Morong, Pililla, Tanay, Baras, Binangonan, Jalajala, Angono, Antipolo, Boso-
Boso, Cainta and Taytay.[4]
During the Spanish colonization in the Philippines, each town (pueblo) was admistered by a
gobernadorcillo, elected annually by all natives of the locality, subject to the approval of the suerior
government in located in Manila. In the 19th century, gobernadorcillos were elected by 12 cabezas
de barangay.[4]
In the pueblo of Morong, it was different. A gobernadorcillo was not elected but was appointed by the
governor of the province based on his economic wealth, training and educational background. He
chose his own people and were not elected to help him with his duties. They did not receive salary
but were exempted from paying taxes and doing forced labor.[4]

Public Works Built Under Forced Labor[edit]

Puente de San Geronimo[edit]

Morong Church and bridge

The original Bridge of Morong was made of adobe stones, shaped and placed together, forming an
arch over the river. The strength and stability of the bridge came from the weight of its wedge-
shaped stone blocks and its upright position. The stones were cemented with mortar, a mixture of
fine sand, lime, molasses and juice of ground puso-puso leaves. Heavy piers of the arch were
planted on the opposite banks of the river. No metals were used during its construction from 1696 to
1701.[4]
St. Jerome Parish Church[edit]
Main article: St. Jerome Parish Church (Morong, Rizal)
This church was constructed not only by men, but also women and children. Stones dug from a hill
called Kay Ngaya; lime from the stones of the mountain Kay Maputi; sand and gravel from Morong
River; and timber were contributed by the townspeople.[4]
Irrigation Works[edit]
In 1850, Fr. Maximo Rico drew the plan of the irrigation dam at Uugong where it drew water from the
falls and supervised the construction of the irrigation canal from Uugong dam to the ricefield in San
Pedro. The canal measured 501 meters long and 2.1 meters deep. Other sources say that the
construction started by Franciscan priests in 1848.[4]
Comandancia[edit]

La Commandancia

During the period of Spanish colonization, this building housed the Comandacia del Distrito Politico-
Militar de Morong, the seat of Government for the Distrito. It was originall made of adobe stones,
hard wood and galvanized iron sheets for roofing. During the early American period, it was
converted into a school. It was damaged after the second world war, but rebuilt with alterations and
continued to be used as a primary school building. It was later torn down and rebuilt using reinforced
concrete materials and used as the municipal office building for the government of Morong. In 2011,
the local government offices were transferred to the new municipal building in a different location.
The Comandancia's second floor has since been converted into a municipal museum.[4]
Bantayan and Torrita[edit]
Bantayan was a small guardhouse where civil guards were stationed at the entrance of the town. On
the other hand, a torrita was a small tower with bells that provided the signal directed to the central
station in front of the Commandancia.[4]

World War I[edit]

Tomas Claudio Monument

Tomas M. Claudio a Morong native is listed as a hero in the Philippines; The first Filipino to die in
World War I was Private Tomas Mateo Claudio who served with the U.S. Marine Corps as part of the
American Expeditionary Forces to Europe. He died in the Battle of Chteau Thierry in France on
June 29, 1918. The Tomas Claudio Memorial College in Morong Rizal, Philippines, which was
founded in 1950, was named in his honor. The main street of the town was also named in his honor.

World War II[edit]

During the Japanese occupation of World War II, the Mateo compound, now the Cesar S.D. Mateo
clinic was used as a Japanese base. The Puente de San Geronimo (old Morong Bridge) was
intentionally blasted by the guerrillas so that Japanese troops could not cross and occupy the
Northern part of Morong and Rizal until reinforcements could come. The plan worked for a few days
but Japanese troops were eventually able to cross the river at a shallower part Farther downriver.
During the Liberation, Filipino troops of the 4th and 42nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Army and
4th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary including the recognized guerrillas of the Col.
Markings Guerrillas and the Hunters ROTC guerrillas liberated and captured the towns in Morong,
defeated Japanese forces and forced them to surrender by the end of the War.

Angono is a first class urban municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is best known as
the "Art Capital of the Philippines", being the hometown of national artist for music Lucio San
Pedro and national artist for visual arts Carlos "Botong" Francisco,[4] as well as the site of the Angono
Petroglyphs, the oldest known work of art in the Philippines.
The town is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Manila, and with the continuous expansion of the
metropolis, is now considered part of Metro Manila's conurbation. According to the 2015 census, it
has a population of 113,283 inhabitants (or about 3.9% of Rizal province's total population of
2,884,227).[3]
First created as a pueblo in 1766, Angono was a barrio of its neighboring
town Taytay and Binangonan before it was legally proclaimed an independent municipality in 1938
by then President Manuel L. Quezon.

Antipolo, officially City of Antipolo (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Antipolo) and simply referred to
as Antipolo City is a city in theprovince of Rizal, Philippines located about 25 kilometres (16 mi)
east of Manila. It is the most-populous city in the CALABARZONregion and the seventh most-
populous city in the country with a population of 776,386 in 2015.[4]
Antipolo was converted from a municipality into a component city of Rizal Province on April 4, 1998,
under Republic Act No. 8508. A new provincial capitol building was inaugurated in the city in March
2009 to replace the old capitol in Pasig which has long been outside the jurisdiction of Rizal
Province; after Pasig was included in Metro Manila in 1975. With the transfer of the provincial
government to Antipolo, it is highly favored to be officially designated as the new capital of the
province.[5] On March 14, 2011, Antipolo was declared a "highly-urbanized city" by President Benigno
Aquino; such proclamation however still needs to be ratified in a plebiscite.[6]
The city is popular for being a pilgrimage site. It prides itself as the "Pilgrimage Capital of the
Philippines."[7] The Marian image of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage or the Virgin of
Antipolo, which was brought in from Mexico in 1626, and enshrined in the Antipolo Cathedral has a
continuous following among Filipino Catholics since the Spanish colonial era.[8] A popular custom of
pilgrims to the Virgin of Antipolo is the trek going to its shrine on the eves of Good Friday and May 1,
from various locations in Rizal Province and Metro Manila. The most notable of these pilgrims would
begin the trek from the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo Church), in Quiapo,
Manila following the procession of the image.[9] There is also an existing custom to have new cars
blessed at the church in the belief that this will ensure the safety of the car and its passengers.[10]
Its higher elevation than that of Metro Manila affords it a scenic view of the metropolis, especially at
night. Its locally grownmangoes and cashews are popular among tourists, as well as suman a local
delicacy made out of glutinous rice. TheHinulugang Taktak National Park, which was once a popular
summer get-away is being restored to become again one of the city's primary attractions.[11]
San Mateo is a first class municipality in Rizal, Philippines. It is bordered by Quezon City to the
west, the cities of Marikina andAntipolo to the south, and to the north by the municipality
of Rodriguez. San Mateo is approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) east ofManila and 11 kilometres
(6.8 mi) north of Pasig, the former provincial capital of Rizal.
According to the 2010 Philippine census, San Mateo has population of 205,255 inhabitants, or
8.26% of the total population of Rizal.[4] Conurbated to the urban agglomeration of the Greater Manila
Area, San Mateo is one of the fastest growing municipalities in Rizal Province, according to
the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and the Provincial Government of Rizal.
In his book Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, Father Gaspar de San Agustin records the Municipality
of San Mateo in 1572 as a town annexed to Pasig. He described the inhabitants as "fierce but
friendly and of quiet disposition." Father Juan de Medina, in his account Relacion de los Con ventos
Y Pueblos Fundados por los PP. Agustinos, likewise put 1572 as the year the Parish of San Mateo
was established. However, according to Miguel Lpez de Legazpi, the first Spanish Governor in the
Philippines (1571 to 1572), it was Juan de Salcedo, his nephew who discovered the site of present-
day San Mateo during one of his expeditions to Manila from Cebu. Accounts say that two years
before he came to Manila from Cebu, Legazpi sent Salcedo along with 150 soldiers to prepare the
inauguration of the City of Manila. It must have been Salcedo who discovered the town before
Legazpi inaugurated Manila on June 24, 1571.
Still, another account was that of Father Cavada, an Augustinian priest, who said that the first chapel
in the country, having the Patron Saint Matthew was built by the riverside in 1596 south of the
present Poblacion of San Mateo which was then only a Barrio of Tondo. Saint Matthew thus gave to
the town its name when the chapel was set up during his feast day.
What may be gleaned from the above accounts somehow is that San Mateo was discovered
sometime in 1571, while it was in 1596 when it acquired its first church. It may be true, too, that the
Parish of San Mateo was set up in 1572.
Aside from the controversy over the date of its discovery or creation, there is also uncertainty as to
how San Mateo acquired its name. According to one account, when the Spaniards made a
reconnaissance of Manila's environs, they came upon the San Mateo flood plains and became
enamored by the natural beauty of the place. They decided to establish a community in the place
and one day, a Spanish scribe happened to stand on a mound with a book on one hand and a pen
on the other. His statue-like pose prompted a companion to laugh and comment, "Muy" friend, the
way you are now makes you look like Saint Matthew, referring of course to the usual way the
evangelist saint is depicted in his statues. In the midst of their banter and merriment, they decided to
call the place they discovered San Mateo.
Another account says that the Municipality of San Mateo was so called because of its geographical
resemblance to another town in Spain with the same name. As described by Paluzie in a
geographical book, this small Spanish town was near a high mountain (and) has a river that flows in
its center which often floods but quickly recedes. this town is also a grazing ground for big animals
and a fishing village. San Mateo is traversed by the Maly and Nangka rivers and its flood plains may
have been a lush grazing area then.
The Augustinian priests in San Mateo were later formally replaced (in 1689) by the Jesuits who as
early as 1637 included San Mateo as one of their missions, with the missions of San Isidro and
Paynaan under it. The Jesuit Order brought with them an image of the Virgin Mary which came from
the town of Aranzazu, Nueva Vizcaya, Spain. The Jesuits were the ones responsible for building the
church now located in the Poblacion since the original chapel set up by the Augustinians beside the
river was destroyed during a flood. The location of the present church is in Barangay Sta. Ana and
its patron saint is the Virgin Mary of Aranzazu. The original images of Saint Matthew which was
housed in the old Augustinian chapel has been transferred to Barangay Dulongbayan (formerly
llaya) and is now the patron saint of the Barangay and whose feast day is always celebrated on
September 21.
Over the centuries, San Mateo has had a colorful and distinguished history. In 1639, a pitched battle
ensued between Chinese rebels, on one hand and Spanish and native troops, on the other. The
Chinese were defeated and retreated east to the Sierra Madre Mountains, but not before burning the
town and its church.
On May 16, 1687, the territory and convent of San Mateo were added to Pasig by the Augustinians,
with the headquarters and residences of the missionary at Mariquina (Marikina). Two years later, the
Agustinians handed over the ecclesiastical administration of San Mateo to the Jesuits. In 1699, the
convent of St. Augustine won in a court case against the native inhabitants with regard to a claim
over a ranch in the district of San Mateo.
From 1696 to 1746, the town residents rebelled against the Spanish authority in the municipality.
They were forced to go to the mountains and abandon the lowland settlement. However, in 1746, the
townspeople returned to the lowlands after having been wooed and persuaded by the Jesuit priests.
The independent-mindedness of the San Mateo people showed itself again in the 15-year period
from 1751 to 1765 when the natives rebelled against Spanish governance. The residents were
ordered to surrender their weapons, but they refused. With this resistance, the Spanish government
was forced to reduce the town to ruins.
In 1712, the Conde de Lizarriaga, the Governor of the Islands, sent Captain Don Lorenzo de
Yturriaga together with 12 soldiers to punish Captain Pambila, a native chieftain who was reportedly
inciting the residents to revolt against the Spanish government and the local Spanish priest. Captain
Pambila attacked the Spanish officer, but the latter was able to parry the blow and shot the native
leader dead.

Doctrina Christiana

San Mateo with its large size was dismembered on April 27, 1871 when Captain General Isquierdo
issued a decree separating the barrios of Balite, Burgos, Marang and Calipahan from San Mateo
and formed them into the new municipality of Montalban (Rodriguez).
During the Spanish Period, there was only one public school in San Mateo and the educational
advancement of the youth was very slow. There were very few feathers and the books used were
limited to the religious tracts called Eaton, Camia, Castiana and Doctrina Christiana After knowing
how to read, most students quit school while a few who were wealthy enrolled in the friar schools
in Manila.

General Aguinaldo

In November 1896, during the revolution against Spain, General Llanera of the Filipino forces made
San Mateo his headquarters. And on August 6, 1898, San Mateo joined the revolutionary
government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. During the PhilippineAmerican War, Gen. Licerio Gernimo's
guerrilla bands from the foothills of San Mateo and Montalban attacked the American troops in
October 1900. However, the Filipinos were defeated. A curious twist of history occurred when during
the fighting, Gen. Lawtonthe famous general who captured the elusive Indian rebel named
Geronimo, among his exploitswas also killed by the forces of a Filipino bearing the same name
Gen. Licerio Gernimo. In the eyes of the Filipino people, Gen. Geronimo became a great man for
killing an illustrious American General who distinguished himself during the American Civil War and
the American military campaign in Cubaas well as In northern, southern and central Luzon.
During the American Occupation. Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission incorporated San Mateo
into the newly created Province of Rizal on June 11, 1901. In line with its policy of fiscal economy
and centralized governance, the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. 942 in 1903 which
consolidated the municipalities of San Mateo and Montalban, with the former serving as seat of
government. On February 29, 1908, Executive Order No. 20 separated San Mateo from Montalban,
making the former an independent municipality. Its real divisions then included the barrios of Ampid,
Sta Ana, Guitnangbayan, Dulongbayan, Malanday, Guinayang and Maly. However, due to constant
development of the rural areas and the increase in population, the barrios of Guitnangbayan and
Dulongbayan were divided into two sections.
With regard to education, it was in 1909 during the American Period when public schools were
opened in the country under the supervision of Dr. David Burrows. San Mateo became one of the
recipients of the benefits of the new democratized system of education when Mr. Frank Green was
assigned to the town as the first school supervisor who was assisted by two Filipino teachers,
namely, Jose Bernabe and Miguel Cristi. The English language was also taught in the public school.
Transportation and other facilities in the municipality were increased and repaired thus resulting to
more communication and exchange of goods and services.
During the Japanese Occupation, the Japanese Army occupied San Mateo, but no battle transpired
between the Japanese and Filipino forces. There were only minor encounters between the Japanese
soldiers and members of the Filipino guerrilla forces. Nevertheless, some prominent residents of the
town were killed and maltreated by the Japanese military on suspicion that they were either
members or supporters of guerillas.
Upon their arrival in the municipality, the Japanese forces recommended the appropriation of school
buildings and some big houses and used them as their headquarters. Productive rice lands irrigated
by water from the main pipe of the Metropolitan Water District have also been forcibly appropriated
and tilled under the direct supervision of the Japanese officials. Livestock and crops were likewise
confiscated to supply the food needs of the Japanese military in San Mateo and Montalban.
When the American forces landed in the north of Manila on February 3, 1945 and started recapturing
the surrounding areas, San Mateo came under the line of fire of the U.S. Liberation Forces was
continued by helped to the Filipino soldiers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine
Constabulary and local guerrilla fighters. Residents were advised by the Air Raid Warden to vacate
the Poblacion and seek refuge in Sitio Kalamyong on the west bank of the Marikina River. There
they built temporary shelters while the U.S. Army Air Forces bombarded the Japanese Headquarters
in Montalban everyday. However, one afternoon a lamentable thing happened when a bomb carried
by one American Air Force plane was accidentally released over the evacuation area at Sitio
Kalamyong. About one hundred civilians died from the accidental bomb explosion.
Although in the aftermath of the war the American Government compensated the people of San
Mateo for the war damages they sustained, there were cases when the amounts received were not
considered commensurate with the sufferings endured. When municipal governance was instituted
by the Spaniards in San Mateo in 1799, the town was governed by a Gobernadorcillo who served for
one year and exercised the power to appoint the Cabeza de Barangay for the same term of one
year. However, there were instances when the Governadorcillo served for two or three years. The
first resident appointed to the post of Governadorcillo in 1799 was Donato Sulit while the last one to
hold the post in 1895 was Ismael Amado, Jr. who incidentally continued serving up to 1905 even
after the establishment of the Civil Government under the American Regime in 1901 when he was
appointed Kapitan Municipal by the Military Governor of the United States Army Department.
Republic Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission incorporated this town into the newly
created Rizal Province on 11 June 1901. In 1903, the Philippine Commission "in line with the policy
of economy and centralization" as opposed to today's policy of decentralization enacted Act No. 942
which consolidated the Municipalities of San Mateo and Montalban, with the seat of government at
San Mateo. Executive Order No. 20, dated February 29, 1908 separated Montalban from San
Mateo, thus formalizing the latter's status as an independent municipality.
Jalajala is a 4th class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the latest
census, it has a population of 28,738 people in 4,759 households.
The genesis of the name Jalajala started from a legend. Punta, one of the present barangay was the
seat of the early settlement later to be called Halaan. During the summer months of April and May
the shores of Punta along the Laguna de Bay was covered with a variety of shells locally known as
Halaan. The natives, when asked by Spanish visitors Como se llama este sitio? replied Halaan
po thinking that they were asking for the shell. The Spaniards on the other hand thinking it is the
name of the place, began calling it Halaan which was later changed to Jalajala.
It is on the largest lake in the Philippines Laguna de Bay. Jalajala is a peninsula located 75 km
southeast of Manila. The Municipality of Jalajala is one of the lakeshore towns along Laguna de Bay.
It lies on the eastern part of the Province of Rizal and has a land area of 4,930.000 hectares
representing 3.77% of the total land area of the province . Jalajalas political boundary on the north is
the Panguil River, wherein it shares the boundary with the town of Pakil in Laguna. On its southern,
eastern, and western boundaries lies the Laguna de Bay.
After the invading commands over the few months and five years by the retreating of all stronghold
of the local Rizaleo resistance fighters under the Colonel Marking's Guerrillas and the Hunters
ROTC Guerrillas around in the town of Jalajala by attacking Japanese forces and the Makapili
collaborating rebels during the Post-Counter-Insurgencies under by Japanese Occupation on 1945
and before the local Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine
Constabulary units recaptured the towns during the liberation.
Started the Allied Invasion of Jalajala on January to August 1945, local military forces of Filipino
soldiers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army 4th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 45th, 46th and 47th
Infantry Division and the Philippine Constabulary 4th Infantry Regiment was recaptured and invaded
the municipal town of Jalajala and aided the helpful of all local Rizaleo guerrilla resistance fighters
under the Colonel Marking's Guerrillas and the Hunters ROTC Guerrillas in the defeated and
attacking the fought against the Imperial Japanese armed forces and the Makapili collaborating
rebels.
Meanwhile, around the captured, bombed and destroyed the plains, rice fields, rivers and forests at
the municipal town of Jalajala was entering the battles and invading commands from the couple of
eight months and one years beginning the liberation of all the stronghold of local Filipino soldiers,
military officers, tank commanders, military truck and jeeps, military IFV's, artillery and mortars and
many other military equipments under the 4th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 45th and 46th Infantry Division of
the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary
was sending the local military operations around and arrival the towns in Jalajala and they captured,
bombed and destroyed the Roman Catholic churches, municipal town halls, plazas, villages and
many others are they burned and attacked and defeated by the Imperial Japanese troops, military
officers, tank commanders, military truck and jeeps, military IFV's, artillery and mortars and many
other military equipments under the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces and they captured in Jalajala
by the local Filipino ground troops.
The American fighter and bomber planes under the United States Army Air Forces entered the town
in Jalajala was supported and helping the aided by the local Filipino soldiers under the Philippine
Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary and the local Rizaleo resistance fighters under
the Colonel Marking's Guerrillas and the Hunters ROTC Guerrillas around the municipal towns was
liberated and defeating Japanese soldiers under the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces.
The inside of all Japanese troops and officers under the military station of the Imperial Japanese
Armed Forces at the military garrison bases and started by the invading sieges and military raids of
the military general headquarters and military garrisons and bases of the Imperial Japanese Armed
Forces in Jalajala and they fought the invaded and entering of all stronghold Filipino troops and
officers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary units. After the
invading sieges by the Japanese military GHQ's and garrisons in Jalajala, the entered and capturing
the Japanese military GHQ's and garrisons in Jalajala by the successfully victorious of all Filipino
troops and military officers under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary
units recaptured and taken the camps with the flag pole raised and up the Philippine war flag for the
Philippine Commonwealth military and they surrendered and retreating Japanese Imperial forces.
The aftermath of the Allied Invasion of Jalajala on August 1945, the local military and guerrilla
resistance casualties during the fighting and the battle and invading commands and they succeeding
battles and invasions including 4,600 Filipino troops under the Philippine Commonwealth Army and
Philippine Constabulary units was killed in action and 11,300 wounded in action, while the local
Rizaleo guerrilla resistance fighters under the Colonel Marking's Guerrillas and the Hunters ROTC
Guerrillas suffered over 960 killed in action and over 2,160 wounded in action. On the part of the
Japanese troops under the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces over 27,000 killed in action, 38,000
wounded in action and over 19,000 captured in action. The Makapili collaborating rebels over 120
killed in action, 230 wounded in action and over 740 captured in action. On 10,000 Rizaleo non-
combatant civilians killed by the Japanese military hands. The local Filipino soldiers under the
Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary units and the local Rizaleo guerrilla
resistance fighters under the Colonel Marking's Guerrillas and the Hunters ROTC Guerrillas saluted
by all decisive successfully victories after the invasion and they captured in the municipal town of
Jalajala and finally the surrendered and retreated Japanese Imperial forces and the Makapili
collaborating rebels by the Filipino military forces in the town after the war.

Binangonan Its name in English means, The first established town around the lake. A
first class municipality, Binangonan lies between the foothills of Sierra Madre and the
shores of Laguna de Bay. It is composed of 23 mainland and 17 island barangays.
This town of 255,949 people was separated and became an independent parish in 1621
through the initiatives of the Franciscan missionaries. The town was established in 1737
and conquered by the Spaniards in 1763. It became a town in 1900 during the American
colonial period. Binangonans major historical landmark is the 200 year-old Santa
Ursula Parish, located at the heart of the town.
Binangonan is a major supplier of freshwater fishes from Laguna de Bay like dulong,
ayungin, biya, kanduli, and gurami to Metro Manila, Laguna, Cavite and Batangas.

Through the combined efforts of former Mayor and Gov. Casimiro M. Ynares, Jr. and its
Municipal Mayor Cesar M. Ynares, Binangonan obtained the title as The Education
Center of Rizal. This recognition was achieved by the existence of Rizal National High
School, the University of Rizal System, and the Technical Education Skills Development
Authority (TESDA) center, educational institutions that secure and offer quality
education to Rizals inhabitants where even the less fortunate can achieve quality
education including technical and vocational knowledge.
Binangonans major source of income comes from agriculture, where 49 percent of its
total land area are devoted to agriculture and livestock industries, while the source of
income of residents in its coastal barangays are mainly fishing and aquaculture industry.
Other sources of income come from manufacturing, commercial establishments, real
estate, and public utility services.
The Municipality of Binangonan is a first class urban municipality in
the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 274,179
inhabitants[3] in 54,836[4] households in census. It has a land area of 6,634 hectares (16,390 acres).[2]
A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing
the Laguna de Bay, including the western part of Talim Island. The plant of Rizal Cement and
Grandspan are in Binangonan as well. Their main livelihood are fishing and farming.
With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, the municipality is now part of Manila's conurbation
which reaches Cardona in its easternmost part.
It is claimed that the binagonan means the first town established along the lake, in reference to a
legend that tells of how the towns around Laguna de Ba were named. More likely however is
that binagonan refers to a place from where someone or something rose, which is precisely
what binangunan in Filipino means.
A first class municipality, Binangonan lies between the foothills of Sierra Madre and the shores of
Laguna de Bay. It is composed of 23 mainland and 17 island barangays.
This town was separated and became an independent parish in 1621 through the initiatives of the
Franciscan missionaries. The town was established in 1737 and conquered by the Spaniards in
1763. It became a town in 1900 during the American colonial period. Binangonans major historical
landmark is the 200-year-old Santa Ursula Parish, located at the heart of the town. Binangonan is a
major supplier of freshwater fishes from Laguna de Bay like dulong, ayungin, biya, kanduli, and
gurami to Metro Manila, Laguna, Cavite and Batangas.
Through the initiative of then Congressman, Gilberto M. Duavit, bestowed most of his Congressional
funds for education and related structural facilities with the support of then Gov. Casimiro M. Ynares,
Jr., former Mayor Cesar M. Ynares and incumbent Mayor Boyet M. Ynares, Binangonan obtained
the title as The Education Center of Rizal. This recognition was achieved by the existence of Rizal
National Science High School, the University of Rizal System, and the Technical Education Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) center, educational institutions that secure and offer quality
education to Rizals inhabitants where even the less fortunate can achieve quality education
including technical and vocational knowledge. Binangonans major source of income comes from
agriculture, where 49 percent of its total land area are devoted to agriculture and livestock industries,
while the source of income of residents in its coastal barangays are mainly fishing and aquaculture
industry. Other sources of income come from manufacturing, commercial establishments, real
estate, and public utility services.
The Municipality of Cainta (Filipino: Bayan ng Cainta) is a first-class urban municipality in
the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is one of the oldest (originally founded on August 15, 1571), and
has a land area of 4,299 hectares (10,620 acres).[2]
Cainta serves as the secondary gateway to the rest of Rizal province from Metro Manila. With the
continuous expansion of Metro Manila, Cainta is now part of Manila's conurbation, which
reaches Cardona in its westernmost part, and is therefore one of the most urbanized towns.
With a population of 332,128 inhabitants per the 2015 census,[4] it is currently the second most
populous municipality in the Philippines (after Rodriguez, Rizal), although there are efforts underway
to convert it into a city.[3] Its income of Php 1,251,517,325.79 makes it the richest municipality in the
country.
In 2016, the National Competitiveness Council awarded Cainta as the Most Competitive Municipality
(1st & 2nd Class) in the Philippines. It was also awarded with 1st Place in Infrastructure, 1st Place in
Government Efficiency, and 2nd Place in Economic Dynamism.
Cainta faces different challenges especially with its boundary disputes with Pasig (Greenpark
Village, Karangalan Village, St. Joseph Subdivision, Villarica Subdivision, Riverside, and Midtown
Village), Taytay (Greenland and eastern part of Cainta), andAntipolo (Valley Golf and Country Club,
Valley View, and Palmera Heights)
Founded on November 30, 1571, Cainta was a fiercely independent village that fought valiantly
against the Spaniards but was later defeated and became a visita (annex) of Taytay in 1571 under
the Jesuits. Changes in ecclesiastical administration made Cainta a part of Pasig under the
Augustinians but it was deeded back to the Jesuits by the King of Spain in 1696. Cainta became a
separate township in 1760.
After the death of Rajah Matanda, Adelantado Miguel de Legaspi received word that two ships, San
Juan and Espiritu Santo, had just arrived in Panay Island in the central Philippines from Mexico. One
ship was under the command of Don Diego de Legaspi, his nephew, and the other of Juan Chacon.
The two ships were in such disrepair when they arrived in Panay that one of them was not allowed to
return to Mexico. Legaspi ordered that it be docked on the river of Manila. The Maestro de Campo
was sent to Panay to oversee its transfer to Manila, with Juan de la Torre as captain.
To help spread the faith, several Augustinian friars were commissioned by Spain and were among
the ship's passengers. One of them was Father Alonso de Alvarado, who had been in the armada of
Villalobos. Another was Father Agustin de Albuquerque, who became the first parish priest of Taal
town, south of Manila. Some of the missionaries were sent to Cebu province in the central
Philippines to accompany Father Martin de Rada the Prior. Four stayed to work in Pampanga
province and the environs north and south of Manila, which included the then-village of Cainta..

Tanay is a first class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is located 57 kilometres
(35 mi) east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and Tanay will take between one
and three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It contains portions of the Sierra
Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City in the north-west, Baras, Morong and Teresa in
the west,General Nakar (Quezon Province) in the east, and Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as
well as the lake Laguna de Bay in the south.
According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 117,830 people.[
Tanay was settled by early Austronesian people. Shortly after the conquest and subjugation of
Manila by the Spaniards and the surrounding lake areas by Juan de Salcedo in 1570-1574,
Franciscan missionaries arrived to Christianize the inhabitants of what is now the Morong-Pililla
area. In 1583, both Morong and Pililla were created as separate towns with Tanay forming part of
Pililla.
Tanay was founded as a separate pueblo (town) in 1606 under the name "Monte de Tan-ay". In
1620, administration was moved to San Antonio (now called Inalsan or Pantay) and Tandang Kutyo.
In 1638, the town was burned during an uprising of Chinese living in the area, and the town was
rebuilt in 1640 at the present day location.[6]
In 1747, the town of Tanay consisted of only eight barangays, namely Nuestra Senora del Rosario,
Sa Josep, San Ildefonso de Tanay, San Francisco de Maytubig, San Pedro de Alcantara, San Lucas
y San Antonio, San Apostol and San Agustin de Balugbog.
In 1853, a new political subdivision was formed. The town of Tanay together with Morong, Baras,
Pililla, Angono, Binangonan and Jalajala form the Province of La Laguna, with the capital at Morong.
This district was later changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong after four years.
Tanay became a Municipality in 1894 as an effect of the Spanish Maura Law. The first election of
Public Office took place in 18951898 and 18981900 under the Revolutionary Government of the
Philippines.
Tanay members of the Katipunan fought valiantly during the Revolution against Spain. The town was
the headquarters of the second military area of the Philippine Revolutionary Government
under General Emilio Aguinaldo. And for a brief period between 1899 and 1900, Tanay served as
the capital of the then Morong Province after PhilippineAmerican War broke out and the American
forces invaded the lake towns and captured Antipolo.[7]
In 1900-1901, Tanay as was under the Government appointed by the American Military under Taft
Commission. From 19031934 the town leadership was under the American rule then in 1934 Tanay
was under the Commonwealth of the Philippines as theTydingsMcDuffie Act was approved on
March 24, 1934 until the Philippines fell to the hands of the Japanese during the Second World War
in 1942.
In 19421945 the Mountains of Tanay served as the Guerrilla base for 'Marking's Fil-American
Guerrillas, beginning the Liberation of Tanay in March, 1945 a very decorated by the Filipino soldiers
of the 41st and 42nd Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, 4th Regiment of the Philippine
Constabulary and the recognized guerrillas against the Japanese occupation forces during World
War II. Gen. Agustin Marking is buried in a private cemetery by the road overlooking his son's farm
in Sampaloc.
On June 19, 1959, The REPUBLIC ACT NO. 2336 - an act establishing a SUMMER RESORT in
Sampaloc, Municipality of Tanay, Province of Rizal is approved whereas there is hereby established
a summer resort in Sampaloc. The Commission on Parks and Wildlife shall issue such rules and
regulations for the establishment of such resort is taken place.
In October 2003, deposed Philippine president Joseph Estrada was transferred to a rest home in
Sampaloc, a mountain barangay. He remained under house arrest until he was given
executive clemency by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
During the Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) on September 26, 2009, Tanay was one of the hardest hit
towns due to the rising of Laguna Lake and the flooding of Tanay River.