Ingls

PARAGRAPH A

The salute is the correct military greeting and is properly initiated by subordinates
to superiors. The specific origin is not known; however, several theories exist. In early
times, the right hand (The one used for weapons) was raised as a greeting of friendship.
Knights raised their visors with the right hand to reveal their identity as a courtesy on the
approach of a superior.

The most plausible theory is the long -established custom of removing headgear
in the presence of superiors. As late as the American Revolution, the British Army
soldier salutes by removing his hat.With the advent of cumbersome headgear (like the
bearskin) that could not be easily doffed, the act of removing the hat degenerated into
touching the visor.This act then became conventionalized into the hand salute. All
personnel in uniform are required to salute at all times when they meet persons entitled
to the salute, except in public conveyances (trains, buses,etc) or in public places such as
theaters or when the salute would be impractical.

It is customary for military members in civilian clothing to exchange salutes upon

recognition, this type of courtesy should be reinforced whenever possible. If running,
come to a walk before saluting. The junior holds the salute until it is returned. When a
senior officer approaches a group of officers not in formation, the group is called to
attention by the first one to sight the senior officer and all members of the group render
the hand salute.When the group constitutes a formation, the formation is called to
attention, but only the officer in charge salutes.
 PARAGRAPH B

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the
sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on
earth.

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter

penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a
wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may
account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a penumbra registers 5,500 K, and
the granules outside the spot are 6,000 K.

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures with areas
stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 per cent of the spots are large enough that
they can be seen without instruments; consequentely observations of sunspots have been
recorded for several thousand years.

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred
spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots
of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic
field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spots size.

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of
sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the
lines of longitude from the north and south poles to the sun.
 PARAGRAPH A

1.- Initiating the salute by subordinates...

(A) - Is an act of friendship

(B) - Is not a greeting between subordinates
(C) - Is as correct as for superiors
(D) - Is the right thing to do

2.- Regarding the military salute, it seems that...

(A) - Nowadays it is customary to raise the hat

(B) - The weapon used to be raised
(C) - It is a long-established custom
(D) - It comes from the knights' age for sure

3.- It seems that the knights...

(A) - Used the salute as a greeting

(B) - Wore closed helmets
(C) - Removed their helmets to salute
(D) - Used the salute to warn superiors

4.- The custom of removing the hat...

(A) - Is a strange theory

(B) - Started in the American Revolution
(C) - Finished in the American Revolution
(D) - Became difficult several years later

5.- At present times, the military salute...

(A) - Is an evolution of intending to remove heavy headgear

(B) - Is given raising the hat
(C) - Is unconventional
(D) - Is an evolution of bearskin removers
6.- All personnel in uniform...

(A) - Must salute all times

(B) - Must not salute in public places
(C) - Only salute in public places
(D) - Salute only in apropiate places and situations

7.- Military members in civilian dressing...

(A) - Must avoid saluting

(B) - Exchange salutes when crossing
(C) - Don't find it important to salute
(D) - Must never avoid saluting

8.- According to the paragraph, the junior military...

(A) - Runs while saluting

(B) - Must return the salute strongly
(C) - Always salutes while walking
(D) - Can cease his salute when it is returned

9.- As a member of a group of officers...

(A) - You never salute to another one

(B) - You should always salute personally
(C) - Only the senior one salutes
(D) - There is always a way to salute

10.- When in formation...

(A) - Senior officers never salute them

(B) - All members use the hand salute after the officer in charge
(C) - The first one to meet the superior salutes the formation
(D) - The formation stands in attention while the officer in charge salutes
 PARAGRAPH B

1.- According to the paragraph ...

A. Storms on the sun cause a change in the weather on earth.

B. Solar particles cause a shift in the weather on earth.
C. The atmosphere produce solar storms.
D. Storms produce spots on the surface of the sun.

2.- What can be said about the theory ?

A. It is polemical.
B. It deals with thunderstorms.
C. It is uncontentious.
D. It is the key to know current weather forecasts.

3.- A typical sunspot ...

A. is surrounded by a cooler mass of light.

B. Stretches like the spokes of a wheel.
C. Is mainly dark.
D. Glows intensively.

4.- According to the text...

A. Nowadays the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere.
B. Temperature in sunspots might explain their color.
C. The granules are cooler than the umbra.
D. The photosphere is cooler than the penumbra.

5.- Sunspots...

A. span areas of thousand of miles.

B. Range in size from hot granules to complex structures.
C. Are typically very small.
D. Spread out from small particles to complex structures.
6.- What can be said about observation of sunspots ?

A. sunspots have been recorded for thousands of years.

B. A very small amount of them are visible.
C. Only about 5 per cent of sunspots are visible without instruments.
D. There has been a record of observations of sunspots.

7.- In which configuration do sunspots usually occur ?

A. In one spot of varying size.

B. In a configuration of two spots.
C. In arrangements of one hundred or more spots.
D. In groups of several thousand spots.

8.- The magnetic field ...

A. Has a strenght of opposite magnetic polarities.

B. Doesnt depend on the magnetic polarities.
C. Relies on the spots size.
D. Occurs near the sunspots.

9.- How are sunspots explained ?

A. Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth.

B. Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on
the sun.
C. Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth.
D. Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them.

10.- Which of the following statements is true ?

A. Researchers are looking for a new theory.

B. Sunspots could rely on magnetic fields.
C. Sunspots occur mainly on the poles of the earth.
D. Sunspots in the north pole are more intense than in the south pole.
PARRAFO A

PARRAFO.........The salute....

1.- D

2.- C

3.- B

4.- D

5.- A

6.- D

7.- B

8.- D

9.- D

10.-D

PARRAFO ...sunspots

1. A

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B