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Principle:
Water is heated in a closed pressure
chamber; as much water vaporises as
to make the pressure in the chamber
correspond to the vapour pressure at
the temperature at any time. The
heat of vaporisation is determined at
various temperatures from the meas-
urement of vapour pressure as a
function of temperature.
Tasks:
1. To measure the vapour pressure of
water as a function of tempera-
ture.
2. To calculate the heat of vaporisa-
tion at various temperatures from
the values measured.
3. To determine boiling point at nor-
mal pressure by extrapolation.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG D - 37070 Gttingen Laboratory Experiments Physics 137
LEP
Vapour pressure of water at high temperature 3.4.01
-00
dp
T1Vvap. Vliq. 2
(1)
dT
where Vvap. and Vliq. are the molar volumes of vapour and
liquid respectively and - is the heat of phase transition,
applies here to the binodal curve bounding two phases.
G = U + pV TS (2)
a b dp a b dT 0. (4)
0G1 0G2 0G1 0G2
0p 0p 0T 0T
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen 23401-00 1
LEP
3.4.01 Vapour pressure of water at high temperature
-00
Fig. 2: Vapour pressure curve: water The semi-logarithmic plot of the measured values (Fig. 3)
pt = 6.1 hPa, Rt = 0.01C, shows an almost linear relationship between ln p and 1/T. The
pc = 22.12 MPa, Rc = 374.2C. heat of vaporisation changes with the temperature.
Molar Specific
R/C -/103 J mol1 M/J g1
Rb = 97C
With
0G 0G
S and V (5)
0T 0p
(6) and (7) together give (1) for the binodal curve between the
liquid and the vapour phase.
At low vapour pressures p << pc, Vliq. << Vvap. can be disre-
garded. In this range the vapour behaves very like an ideal gas
and
RT
Vvap. (8)
p
2 23401-00 PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG D-37070 Gttingen