What to cite:

1. Primary authorities
2. Secondary authorities
Books
Journal articles
Theses
News clips
Reliable websites

How to cite:
1. Footnotes
Ateneo Law Journal Legal Citation Guide
The Bluebook
2. Bibliography
3. General rules:
Footnotes = sentences
Accuracy
Subsequent citations
4. Block quote v. direct quote v. paraphrasing
5. Footnote reference placement
After the punctuation mark/quotation mark

Footnote Basics:
A. Philippine Constitution (always cite the Constitution in full)

PHIL. CONST. art. ___, ___, ___.

Examples:
1. PHIL. CONST. art. II, 3.
2. PHIL. CONST. art. II, 3.

B. Codes/Statutes:

Full Title, [Short Title], Statute Number, subdivisions, (year).

Example:
3. An Act to Ordain and Institute the Civil Code of the Philippines [Civil Code], Republic Act No. 386, art.
21 (1950).

C. Subsequent citations for Constitution/Laws:

Short Title, subdivisions.

Examples:
4. PHIL. CONST. art. I.
5. CIVIL CODE, art. 3.
6. Id. art. 207.

D. Supreme Court Decisions

Case Title, volume number SCRA/SCAD/Phil. first page, cited page (year).

Example:
7. Caguioa v. Magtoto, 436 SCRA 3, 41 (2007).

E. Subsequent Decisions of SC

First Party, volume number SCRA/SCAD/Phil. at cited page.

Examples:
 8. Caguioa, 436 SCRA at 54.
9. Id.
10. Id. at 52.

F. Separate Opinions

Cite like an ordinary case (J. Surname of Justice, separate/concurring/dissenting opinion).

Examples:
11. Pabilane v. Magtoto, 436 SCRA 30, 41 (2007) (J. Puno, dissenting opinion).
12. Id. at 59 (J. Chan, concurring opinion).

G. Books with Single Author

AUTHOR, Title cited page (year of publication or edition number year of publication).

Examples:
13. FLORENZ D. REGALADO, CRIMINAL LAW CONSPECTUS 45 (4th ed. 2009).
14. Id. at 342.
H. Books with Multiple Authors

AUTHOR 1 & AUTHOR 2, Title cited page (year of publication or edition number year of publication).

AUTHOR 1, ET AL., Title cited page (year of publication or edition number year of publication).

Example:
15. JOSE C. VITUG & ERNESTO D. ACOSTA, TAX LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE 89 (3d ed. 2006).

I. Subsequent citations of books

SURNAME OF AUTHOR(S), supra note footnote, at page being cited.

Example:
16. REGALADO, supra note 13, at 13.
17. VITUG & ACOSTA, supra note 15, at 432.

J. Unpublished Thesis

Author, Title of the Article, at page number (date) (description, institution that awarded the degree) (source).

Example:
18. Jose P. Tejada Jr., A Critique of the Jurisprudence on the Matter of Supreme Courts Administrative
Supervision, at 11 (2002) (unpublished J.D. thesis, Ateneo de Manila University) (on file with the
Professional Schools Library, Ateneo de Manila University).
K. Website

Author, Title of the Article, available at URL (last accessed date).

Example:
19. Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, What are human rights?, available at
http://www.ohcch.or/en/issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx (last accessed June 26, 2012).

L. News Articles Online

Author (if available), Headline, Newspaper, date of publication, available at URL (last accessed date)

Example:
 20. Maila Ager, Tupas on disclosure of evidence: Whats wrong?, Phil. Daily Inq., Jan. 4, 2012, available
at http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/122301/tupas-on-disclosure-of -evidence-whats-wrong (last
accessed June 26, 2012).

M. Subsequent Citations

21. Quan, supra note 18, at 430.

22. Tejada Jr., surpa note 20, at 35.
23. Ager, supra note 22.

N. Double citations
the text is citing another text
Follow this: X (citing Y).

Examples:
26. Quan, supra note 18, at 435 (citing PHIL. CONST. art. I).
27. Go v. Perez, 123 SCRA 45, 63 (1987) (citing Ruiz v. Cruz, 4 Phil. 23, 45 (1930).

Bibliography:
I. Primary Authorities
A. Constitution
B. Statutes
C. Cases
II. Secondary Authorities
A. Books
B. Journals
C. Internet Sources

Sequencing:
1. For primary sources:
A. Constitution based on year of effectivity
B. Statutes based on class (BP, PD, RA)
I. Then, based on year of effectivity
II. If same year, based on BP/PD/RA number.
III. Format: ALJ Bluebook (same with footnotes)
C. Cases based on level of court (SC, CA, RTC)
IV. Then, alphabetically
V. Format: ALJ Bluebook
D. Treaties, UN Documents, etc. follow rule on statutes.
2. For secondary sources: follow book by Kate Turabian
A. Surname first
B. Alphabetical
From the notes of:
Dan Kevin Castro Mandocdoc (8 August 2013)
Modified by Maria Patricia Cervantes-Poco (3 July 2014)