DISCUSSION

Electrical distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to users. Electric power
transmission begins at the power plant where electricity is generated and then transmitted by
wires. Electrical power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines. However,
sometimes underground cables are used in urban areas.

From the power plant, electricity is transmitted to the 33kV main intake substation which is
located behind Hotel UiTM Shah Alam. The first substation is connected to only one power
station. Electric power may flow through several 11kV substations upon reaching the consumer.
Substations is a part of an electrical generation, transmission and distribution system.
Substations has either a step-up or step-down transformer.

Transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to
another through electromagnetic induction where current in primary coil induces current in
secondary coils. A step-up transformer is used to increase the voltages from electric generator
so that electric power can be transmitted over long distances. While a step-down transformer
reduces voltages to operate low-voltage devices.

From the 11kV substation electricity is transmitted to the Main Switchboard(MSB) and the
Standby Generator Set Room(Genset).

MSB is generally where the service protection device and supply authority metering equipment
is located. The role of a MSB is to allow the division of current supplied to it into smaller currents
for further distributions and provide switching, current protection and metering.

A standby generator is a back-up electrical system that operates automatically. It is established

as a back-up electrical power supply in case of an outage. A standby generator has an automatic
transfer switch that senses power lose during an outage which trigger it to command generator
to start and then transfers electrical load to the generator. After electricity returns, the automatic
transfer switch signals the standby generator to shut-off and returns to standby mode awaiting
the next outage.
The electric power from the MSB is transferred to the tower 1 and 2 at the engineering complex,
high-mast lighting at Padang Kawad and feeder pillar(FP).

High-mast lighting is a tall pole with lighting attached at the top pointing towards the ground. It
provides light over a large area which in this case is Padang Kawad.

Feeder pillar is a central circuit that controls and monitors electricity supply in various houses
and offices throughout a region. This centralized electrical circuit is to act as the storehouse for
the power supplied from the main source and convert it to low voltage electricity for domestic
and office use. Feeder pillars also provide means of protection and control. Feeder pillar provides
electrical power for street lighting and compound lighting.

Street lightings are required for safety purposes of road users when it gets dark in order to
prevent accidents. A typical street lights used an LED bulb while compound lights used high
pressure sodium lightings.

Eventually the power transmitted by the MSB will reach the sub switchboard(SSB). The main
purpose of electric switchboards is to supply power to each and every single recipient electrical
device. The amount of current should depend on the amount of power used by the device to
function properly.

Lastly, the distribution board(DB) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an
electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker
for each circuit in a common enclosure.