2. When the armature of a d.c.

motor rotates under the influence of the driving torque, the

armature conductors move through the magnetic field and hence e.m.f. is induced in them as in
a generator.
The presence of back emf makes the d.c. motor a self-regulating machine i.e., it makes the
motor to draw as much armature current as is just sufficient to develop the torque required by
the load. Armature current, Ia = (V - Eb)/Ra When the motor is running on no load, small
torque is required to overcome the friction and windage losses. Therefore, the armature current
Ia is small and the back emf is nearly equal to the applied voltage. If the motor is suddenly
loaded, the first effect is to cause the armature to slow down. Therefore, the speed at which the
armature conductors move through the field is reduced and hence the back emf Eb falls. The
decreased back emf allows a larger current to flow through the armature and larger current
means increased driving torque. Thus, the driving torque increases as the motor slows down.
The motor will stop
4. Circuital Law affects the principle of energy conversion by using Electromagnetic Induction in
both Electric motor and generator. Electromagnetic Induction was discovered by Michael
Faraday, this is when a voltage is induced by a changing magnetic field. With electromagnetic
induction, an electric current can be produced in a coil of wire by moving a magnet in or out of
that coil, or by moving the coil through the magnetic field. Either way, voltage is created through
motion.
In Newtons Law, the movement of an object create force with in terms create energy which is
used to drive the electric motor and generator to produce electromotive force.

5. Application of DC motor

D.C Shunt Motors:

It is a constant speed motor.Where the speed is required to remain almost constant
from noload to full load.Where the load has to be driven at a number of speeds and any
one of which is nearly constant.
Industrial use:

Lathes
Drills
Boring mills
Shapers
Spinning and Weaving machines.

2. D.CSeries motor:
It is a variable speed motor.The speed is low at high Page on torque at light or no load
,the motor speed attains dangerously high speed.The motor has a high starting
torque.(elevators,electric traction)
Industrial Uses:

Electric traction
Cranes
Elevators
 Air compressor
Vacuum cleaner
Hair drier
Sewing machine
3. D.C Compound motor:Differential compound motors are rarely used because of
its poor torque characteristics.
Industrial uses:

PressesShears
Reciprocating machine.