Sunteți pe pagina 1din 45

School of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Mechanical Engineering

DESIGN OF AN ICE PLANT AND COLD STORAGE


PLANT WITH AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To design an ice plant and cold storage plant from a given load requirements including a
centralized air conditioning system.

II. DESIGN CONSIDERATION

A. SPACE CONSIDERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS OF ICE PLANT BASED ON


THE FOLLOWING:

1. Tons capacity
2. Number of cans needed
3. Size of brine tank and cold storage
4. Other spaces/equipment rooms needed

B. COLD STORAGE BASED ON:

1. Tons of products to be stored


2. Properties of products and containers
3. Equipment and spaces need

35 T0NS of chicken
20 TONS of fish
25 TONS of potatoes
20 TONS of banana
20 TONS of carrots
140 TONS of ice

C. FINALIZED PLANT LAY-OUT BASED ON:

1. Position of the ice plant, cold storage rooms


2. Dimensions, spaces and other requirements such as office, receiving area, etc.

III. COOLING LOAD AND CALCULATIONS

A. Ice plant and cold storage calculations of


1. Product load and heat load to be removed from the product at the cold storage
and ice production.
2. Other heat loads to be taken in considerations such as, but not limited to,
infiltration, conduction of heat from the equipment inside the room, etc.
3. Total heat loads from each and/or section and from the occupants.

IV. CENTRALIZE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

A single refrigeration system that will serve the whole plant:

A. Schematic diagram of the whole system


B. Evaporator system: parallel / series
C. P-H diagrams of the processes
D. Each building should be labeled with their respective temperature requirements
and the product/s stored.
E. The amount of refrigeration, mass flow, volume flow in the piping system.
Indicate the directional flows.
F. Mass and flow of air in the air conditioned ducting system.

V. DESIGN OF THE EVAPORATOR FOR EACH SECTION

VI. SELECTION OF CONDENSER

VII. SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR (SIZE, CAPACITY, ETC.)

VIII. DESIGN/SELECTION OF OTHER AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT (COOLING TOWER,


PUMPS, FANS, BLOWERS, DUCTING SYSTEM, ETC.)

IX. PLANT LAYOUT

1. Plan views
2. Elevations
3. Sectional views

IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. Late submission of report/designs shall be given a maximum grade of 80.
2. A 1-point deduction shall be imposed every day of delay from the maximum
imposed grade reckoned from the due date. Delays shall include Sundays and
holidays.
I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To design an ice plant and cold storage plant from a given load requirements including a
centralized air conditioning system.

II. DESIGN CONSIDERATION

A. SPACE CONSIDERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

ICE MAKING:

Capacity = 140 tons



N= 24
Where;
N= number of cans
W= weight of ice
H= freezing time(hrs)
C= weight of one ice block

From Kents Handbook (11-48) ice making from table 1 (size of standard ice cans and
freezing time)
Size of can(in.) = 8x16x32= 4096in = 341.33ft
Weight of ice block(lb)= 110lb= 50kg
Time of freezing(hr)= 30hrs
140,00040
N= = 3500 cans
5024
Therefore, we used 4 brine tanks.
3500
Number of ice in one brine tank= 4
= 875
L= 35 cans
W= 25 cans
Size of one brine tank:
L= 35x16in= 560in= 14.244m + (0.03mx36) + 0.6 = 15.904m
W= 25x8in= 200in= 5.08 + (0.03mx26) + 0.6 = 6.46m
Size of required brine tank:
PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS:

Highe Specific Specific Latent


Retail Storag Relativ Approxim Water st Heat Heat Heat
COMMO Storage e e ate Content Freezi Above Below (Calculat
DITY Temp. Humid Storage ng Freezing Freezin ed)
C ity Life % Point KJ/kg- g
%RH C C Btu/lb/F KJ/kg
% C
Chicken - 85-90 0 85-90 1 week 74 -2.8 3.21 1.47 247.16
2.2
Fish 2 70-75 0 65-70 1-2 87.5 -0.78 3.6 1.72 234.416
weeks
Bananas 10 90-95 0 95- 3-4 92.4 -0.89 3.35 - 308.616
100 weeks
Potatoes 10 85-90 10- 90 4-7 81.2 -0.61 3.43 - 271.208
12.78 months
Carrots 4.4 85-90 0 90-95 3-4 88.2 -1.38 3.81 0 294.558
4 weeks
PRE COOLING EQUIOMENT (METHODS USED):

COLD WALL

COOLING LINES

COLD WALL

FANS

CANVAS
Exhaust fan

Office room

Air supply
EQUIPMENT AND SPACES NEEDED:

CHICKENS

Total Weight= 35 tons

Average weight: 0.9kg


35,000
Total numbers of chicken: 0.9
=38,888 chickens

ARRANGEMENT OF CHICKENS: 2in

FOR RACK: 4in


BOX
L= (15X2) + (14X25.2) = 382.756 inches=31.89 ft

W= (13.38x2) + 4 = 30.76 inches = 2.56 ft 9.466in

H= 15.446x7 = 108.122 inches = 9 ft


38,888
Total # of box = =6482 boxes 13.38in
6

ROOM DIMENSIONS:

1m passage way= 3.28 ft

L= (34x3.28) + (33x2.56) = 196 ft

W= (2x3.28) + 31.89 = 38.45ft

H= 10ft
CARROTS

Total Weight= 20 tons

LARGE MEDIUM
LENGTH
6in 4.5in

WEIGHT
72g 50g
(per piece)

AVE.
1.5in 1in
DIAMETER

Assuming 10 tons to be large and medium carrots:


101000
# of large carrots: =138,889 carrots
0.072

101000
# of medium carrots: 0.05
=200,000 carrots

Volume of one crate, V= 15x20x20= 60003

Volume of one carrot:

(6)(0.75)2
Large carrot: 3
= 3.53423

(4.5)(0.5)2
Medium carrot: 3
= 1.17813

60003
# of large carrots per crate: = = 3.53423= 1698

60003
# of medium-sized carrots: = = 1.17813= 5093

138889
# of crates (large): = 82
1697.697

20000
# of crates (medium): 5092.946= 40
ARRANGEMENT OF CARROTS: 2in

20kg per crate for large and medium sized carrots 3in
20000 CRATE
# of crates = = 1,000 crates
20

14in

FOR RACKS:

L= (15X2) + (14X20) = 310in = 25.83ft

W= (3x2) + (2x20) = 46in = 3.83ft

H= 19x6 = 114in = 9.5ft

# of crates in one rack: 6x2x14= 168 crates


1000
# of racks: = 6 racks
168

ROOM DIMENSIONS:

1meter for passage way= 3.28ft

L= (19x3.28) + (18x3.28) = 131.26ft

W= (3.28x2) + 25.83 = 32.39ft

H= 10ft
RACK FOR CARROTS:

9.5 ft

30.5 ft

5.83 ft
DIMENSIONS OF CRATE FOR CARROTS

20in 20in

12in
POTATOES

Total weight= 25 tons

DIAMETER MEDIUM LARGE

2-3 in 3-4.25 in
AVE.
2.5 in 3.625 in
DIAMETER
WEIGHT
140-225g 225-340g
(per piece)
AVE.
182.5g 282.5g
WEIGHT

Assuming 12.5 tons to be large and medium sized potatoes

DIMENSIONS OF CRATES: 12x24x24 in


12.51000
# of total large potatoes: .2825
=44,248 large potatoes

12.51000
# of medium-sized potatoes: =38493 medium-sized potatoes
.1825

TOTAL VOLUME: = 242412 = 69123 (crate)

4(2.5)3
TOTAL VOLUME OF ONE POTATO (MEDIUM): = = 65.44983
3

6912
# of potatoes ( medium): =
= 65.4498
= 104

4(3.625)3
TOTAL VOLUME OF ONE POTATO (LARGE): = 3
= 199.5323

6912
# of potatoes ( medium): =
= 199.532
= 34

442482
# of crates = 34
= 1302

68494
# of crates = 104
= 1621

Total number of crates = 2923 crates


RACK FOR POTATO:

9.5ft

30.5 ft

5.83ft
CRATE DIMENSIONS FOR POTATOES

WEIGHT OF ONE CRATE = 2kg

24in 24in

12in

TOTAL WEIGHT OF ONE CRATE:

LARGE: + ( . )

1
= 2 + (282.5 1000 34) = 11.605

MEDIUM: + ( . )

1
= 2 + (182.5 104) = 20.98
1000
ARRANGEMENT OF POTATOES

Total height of rack= 9.5ft 5in

Total height of ceiling= 10ft


CRATE
Length of rack= 30ft 14in

Width of rack= 4.5ft

Total storey in one rack= 6 storey

Total crates in one rack= 168

Total crates in the room= 2923

Number of racks= 18

COMPUTATIONS:

FOR RACK:

L= (15x2) + (14x24) = 366in = 30ft

W= (3x2) + (2x24) = 54in = 4.5ft

H= 19x6 = 114in = 9.5ft

# of crates in one rack = 6x2x14 = 168 racks


2923
# of racks = . = 168
= 18

ROOM DIMENSIONS:

L= (19x3.28) + (18x4.5) = 143.32ft

W= (3.28x2) + 30 = 36.56

H= 10ft
FISH

TOTAL WEIGHT= 20 tons

AVE. LENGTH= 11in

AVE. WIDTH= 3in

AVE. WEIGHT= 1.2kg

12in

24in
20,000
TOTAL # OF FISH: 1.2
= 16,666

24
# OF FISH PER TRAY: = 8
3

16,666
# OF TRAYS: 8 / = 2,083

FOR RACKS:
24
L= 1 . = 12 65 = 130

30
W= 12 = 2.5

2083 2083
# OF COLUMNS: 14 65 = 910
= 2.5

ROOM DIMENSIONS:

1m for passage way

L= 130 + (2x3.28)= 136.56ft


30
W= (4x3.28) + (12x3)= 20.62ft
H= 10ft

RACKS FOR FISH:


BANANAS

TOTAL WEIGHT= 20 TONS

1 bunch = 17kg (average)

1 bunch = 2-13 hands (comb)

1 hand (comb) = 16 pcs of bananas


20,000
No. of bunches = 17
= 1176

No. of rows: 100 bunches/row


1176
No. of rows = 100/ = 12 rows

ARRANGEMENT OF BANANAS:

Length of one row = 15inx100 = 1500in = 125ft

3 inches spacing

Width of one row = 15in = 1.25ft


ROOM DIMENSIONS:

Length= + 2 + (3 100)

= 125 + ( 2x3.28) + (3x100)

=156.56 ft

Width= no. of rows x + 13 passage ways

= (12x1.25) + (13x3.28)

=57.64 ft

Height = 10ft
III. COOLING LOAD COMPUTATIONS

1. PRODUCT LOAD CALCULATIONS

A. CHICKEN

TOTAL WEIGHT = 35 TONS



SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING= 3.21


SPECIFIC HEAT BELOW FREEZING= 1.47

FREEZING TEMPERATURE= -2.2

LOWEST SAFE TEMPERATURE= -17.8



LATENT HEAT OF FUSION, LH= (water content)(334 ) = 0.74x334 = 247.16

= (1 ) + + ( )

= (35,000)(3.21)(22 + 2.2) + 247.16 + (1.47)(-2.2 + 17.8)

= 2719140.092KJ/3600s = 755.32KW

B. FISH

TOTAL WEIGHT= 20 TONS

SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING = 3.6

SPECIFIC HEAT BELOW FREEZING = 1.72

FREEZING TEMPERATURE = -2.2

LOWEST SAFE TEMPERATURE = -26



LATENT HEAT OF FUSION, LH = 234. 416

= (1 ) + + ( )

= (20,000)(3.6)(22 + 2.2) + 234.416 + (1.72)(-2.2 + 26)

= 1742675.352/3600s = 484.076KW
C. POTATOES

TOTAL WEIGHT= 25 TONS

SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING = 3.43

LOWEST SAFE TEMPERATURE = 3.5



LATENT HEAT OF FUSION, LH = 271.208

= (1 )

= (25,000)(3.43)(22 3.5)

= 1586375/3600s = 440.076KW

D. BANANAS

TOTAL WEIGHT= 20 TONS

SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING = 3.35

LOWEST SAFE TEMPERATURE = 14



LATENT HEAT OF FUSION, LH = 308.616

= (1 )

= (20,000)(3.35)(22 14)

= 536000/3600s = 148.89KW

E. CARROTS

TOTAL WEIGHT= 20 TONS

SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING = 3.81

LOWEST SAFE TEMPERATURE = 0



LATENT HEAT OF FUSION, LH = 294.558

= (1 )

= (20,000)(3.81)(22 0)
= 1676400/3600s = 465.67KW

2. PRE-COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS:

A. CHICKEN


= 4.34

INITIAL TEMPERATURE= 23

FINAL TEMPERATURE= 0


=

(35000)(4.34)(23) 3493700
= 103600
= 103600 = 97.047KW

B. CARROTS:


= 3.81

INITIAL TEMPERATURE= 22

FINAL TEMPERATURE= 8


=

(20000)(3.81)(228) 1066800
= 53600
= 53600 = 59.27KW

C. BANANAS


= 3.35

*NO PRE-COOLING REQUIRED

D. POTATOES


= 3.43

INITIAL TEMPERATURE= 22

FINAL TEMPERATURE=5

=

(25000)(3.43)(225) 1457750
= = = 80.986KW
53600 53600

E. FISH


= 3.6

INITIAL TEMPERATURE= 22

FINAL TEMPERATURE= 4


=

(20000)(3.81)(224) 1296000
= 53600
= 53600 = 72KW
HEAT GAIN THROUGH THE WALLS

INSULATING WALL


Thickness = 7.6in Thermal conductivities: (k; )

Insulating material = 1cm Cement=1.4

Wood stud = 3in Brick= 1.34

Wood stud= 0.159

Solid block= 0.77

Area of insulation material, cement and brick:


A= 8x13= 1042 = 0.06712

Area of wood stud:

A= 3x8= 242 = 0.01552

Heat Gain through the walls:

= 2.2

= 23

1 1
= = = 11.66/
1.280.06712
1 1
= = = 55.2/
0.270.06712
0.0762
= = = 30.92/
0.1590.06712
0.127
= = = 240.34/
0.03410.06712
0.0076
= = 1.40.06712 = 0.081/ x2 = 0.162/

0.102
= = = 1.134/
1.340.06712

= 339.416/
23(2.2)
Therefore, =
= 339.416/
= 0.074W
TOTAL HEAT LOADS FROM EACH ROOM AND/OR SECTION AND FROM THE
OCCUPANTS

Based on the Table 10. Heat equivalent of occupancy page 340, The Refrigerating data book,
basic volume, sixth edition.

COOLER TEMPERATURE HEAT EQUIVALENT /


F PERSON
BTU/hr
60 600
50 720
40 840
30 950
20 1050
10 1200
0 1300
-10 1400

Assume 5 persons per room

a. Ice storage
ti=31.1F

By Interpolation:

40 840

31.1 Qp=937.9

30 950

Qp= 937.9BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 4689.5 BTU/hr


b. Chicken storage

ti= 28.04F

By Interpolation:
30 950
28.04 Qp=969.6
20 1050

Qp= 969.6 BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 4848 BTU/hr

c. Fish storage
ti= 28.04F

By Interpolation:
30 950
28.04 Qp=969.6
20 1050

Qp= 969.6 BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 4848 BTU/hr

d. Carrot storage

ti= 32F

By Interpolation:
40 840
32 Qp=928
30 950

Qp= 928 BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 4640 BTU/hr


e. Potato storage

ti= 38.3F

By Interpolation:
40 840
38.3 Qp=858.7
30 950

Qp= 858.7 BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 4293.5 BTU/hr

f. Banana storage

ti= 57.2F
60 600
57.2 Qp=633.6
50 720

By Interpolation:

Qp= 633.6 BTU x 5 persons


hr-person

Qp= 3168 BTU/hr


IV. CENTRALIZED REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

Schematic Diagram

Evaporator System

P-H diagram
D. Amount of refrigeration, mass flow, volume flow in the piping system.

=492.33 m3
=1461.1 =0.295 kg

=123.083 m3
=1073.32 =3.97 kg

=70.33 m3
=1073.32 =3.97 kg

=70.33 m3
=1461.7 =0.288 kg

3
5 =87.92 5 =2507.8 5 =162.682

3
6 = 70.33 5 =2527.1 5 =82.848


@ 22 =92.33

492.33 = (1461.1 92.33)


= 0.359

123.083 = (1073.32 92.33)


= 0.125

70.33= (1073.32 92.33)


= 0. 125

70.33= (1461.7 92.33)



= 0.051

Q 5 = 5 (5 )

87.92= 5 (2507.8 92.33)



= 0.0364

Q 6 = 6 (6 )

70.33= 6 (2527.1 92.33)


= 0.02889

= 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5


= 0.359 +0.125 +0.125 +0.051 + = 0.0364 + 0.0289


= 0.72529


1 =0.359(0.295)=0 .106


2 =0.125 (3.97)=0.496


3 =0.125 (3.97)= 0.496

4 =0.051 (0.288)= 0.15

5 = 5 5


5 = 0.0364 (162.682)= 5.92

6 = 6 6


6 = 0.0289(82.848) = 2.39

F. Mass and volume flow of air in the air conditioned ducting system

Brine tank room (Qt) =0.043kw

Brine tank (Qt) =0.175kw

Ice storage room=0.244kw

For cold storage of products

Chicken =0.003kw

Potatoes=0.005kw

Carrots =0.004kw

Bananas=0.003kw

Fish=0.0027kw

Solving for volume:

= .8674
For:

Brine tank room = 8848.80672 Btu/hr x 0 = 127.9245 cfm

Brine tank = 35753.8319 Btu/hr x 0 = 516.8824cfm

Ice storage room = 49859.84338 Btu/hr x 0 = 720.8088 cfm

3
Chicken = 691.3942 Btu/hr x 0 =0.283

3
Potatoes = 952.9453 Btu/hr x 0 =0.39

3
carrot = 787.0836 Btu/hr x 0 =0.322

3
fish = 543.76 Btu/hr x 0 =0.223

3
banana = 682.78 Btu/hr x 0 =0.28

Solving for mass:



Mass of air (slugs) = x2.2


Brine tank room = x 32.2x =0.5867 = 0.2667


Brine tank = x 32.2x = 2.3707 = 1.0776

Ice storage room = x 32.2x = 1.501


Chicken = x 32.2x = 7.18x10-3


Potatoes = x 32.2x = 0.0287


carrot = x 32.2x =0.0237

7.86
fish= x 32.2x 60
=0.0164

9.871cfm
banana = x 32.2x 60
=0.0206
V. DESIGN OF EVAPORATOR FOR EACH SECTION
After calculating heat load, it is necessary to decide what size evaporator will give enough
refrigeration. Some important things to remember are:

The evaporator removes heat from the cabinet only when the condensing unit is running.
The refrigerating unit usually runs from 16 to 20 hours out of each 24 hours. This means that the
unit must have a refrigerating capacity in 16 hours of operation equal to the total load in 24 hours.
VI. SELECTION OF CONDENSER

EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER CXV 164


VII. SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR (SIZE, CAPACITY, ETC)
VIII. DESIGN/SELECTION OF OTHER AUXILLIARY EQUIPMENT (COOLING TOWER, PUMPS,
FANS, BLOWERS, DUCTING SYSTEM, ETC.)

1. COOLING TOWER
2. PUMPS

HEAT PUMPS
LIQUID PUMPS

3. FANS & BLOWERS

a. FANS
Air movement is generally produced by
some type of fan. Usually, fans are located in the inlet of the air conditioner. Air can be moved by
creating positive pressure.

RCF-1220
2. BLOWERS

S-ar putea să vă placă și