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AGRADECIMIENTO
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.()#0+*,#$7%#.,%"73#),#7$7%4*"&.,.#.(#%(,)&;,%#(34(#4%,1,<7=
0+%,.(/(%)(# ,# >,&'(# .(# ?&+*()# $7%# 3*# 3*$(%@&3&2"# 8# ,#
?&+*()#5,%/6,#$7%#3*#.(.&/,/&2"#("#),#/7%%(//&2"#.()#4(A47=#
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1&C"#,#?,%6,#J3,1()#K,%%,#$7%#3*#.(.&/,/&2"#("#)73#4%,1,<73#
.(#/,'$7#8#.(#),17%,47%&7=#K7%#F)4&'7#,#>7L"#M(""(.8#$7%#
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QR#.(#"7@&('1%(#.(#STTU
Nota aclaratoria a la 2 edicin:
!"#("(%7#.(#STQT#3(#$*1)&/2#),#$%&'(%,#(.&/&2"#.(#(34,#5*6,=#
P*%,"4(#),#%(@&3&2"#.(#),#'&3',#3(#L,#/7"34,4,.7#V*(#()#'CI
47.7#('$)(,.7#("#()#),17%,47%&7#$,%,#()#,"H)&3&3#.(#),#,)/,)&I
"&.,.#.()#,+*,#.(#$(%'(,.7#"7#$(%'&46,#.(4(%'&",%#/7"#$%(I
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observ
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$(%'(,.7#V*(#,$,%(/(#("#),#B,1),#Q=Q#.(1&(%,#3(%#.()#7%.("#
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:7%%(3$7".&("4('("4(#()#/7"4("&.7#("#:YS#/,)/*),.7#(34(V*&7I
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@,)7%(3#.(#,)/,)&"&.,.#8#/7"4("&.7#("#:YS#.()#,+*,#.(#$(%I
'(,.7#$(%7#"7#,#)73#.()#,+*,#%('&"(%,)&;,.,=#K7%#4,"47#32)7#
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4*)7#_^=#B,'$7/7#,W(/4,#,#)73#/%&4(%&73#.(#@,)7%,/&2"#.(#),3#
,+*,3#%('&"(%,)&;,.,3#(A$%(3,.73#("#()#%(347#.(#),#5*6,=#
!34,#S`#!.&/&2"#.(#),#5*6,#V*(#3(#$*1)&/,#,L7%,#/7%%&+(#(34,#
&'$%(/&3&2"#8#,'$)6,#4,'1&C"#)73#/%&4(%&73#$,%,#()#/H)/*)7#
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
0*123%&3"4.52&36&7)849:;&<61&+8=,*2"*./&3"*2&>8*;:&*.&9?&
.49:&4.;&*.&3"43&6<&3":&@4.41?&-2,4.;2&A43:1&@:.3:1&<61&
/*B*./&9:&3":&6++6138.*3?&36&)6.;8)3&3"*2&C615#
-&C68,;&,*5:&4,26&3"4.5&D4*9:&;:&'*/8:,&<61&"*2&28+:1B*2*6.&
4.;&36&'*/8:,&>41)*4&<61&"*2&;:;*)43*6.&*.&)611:)3*./&3":&
3:E3#&&7,26&36&F*)6,G2&H1/6*3*&<61&"*2&82:<8,&)699:.32&36&3":&
61*/*.4,&3:E3#&
'?&3"4.52&36&D62:&IGJ416&71*42&4.;&36&>6.J4,6&7,=4,4;:K6&
6<&3":&,4=614361?&6<&3":&L4*=*,,4&@"4..:,&M7,*)4.3:N&<61&3":*1&
28++613&;81*./&3":&C615&6<&249+,*./&4.;&4.4,?2*2#
'?& 3"4.52& 4,26& '41O4& -24=:,& !4114& <61& ":1& ;:;*)43*6.&
;81*./&!&:,;C615&4.;&,4=614361?#
0*.4,,?&36&D6".&P:..:;?&<61&"*2&:E):,,:.3&314.2,43*6.&6<&3":&
(+4.*2"&94.82)1*+3#
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$*1:)361&6<&3":&@4.41?&-2,4.;2&A43:1&@:.3:1
F6B:9=:1&ST3"&UVVW
Explanatory note to the 2nd edition:
-.&D4.841?&UVSV&3":&!&123&:;*3*6.&6<&3":&>8*;:&C42&+8=,*2R
":;#& $81*./& *32& 1:B*:C& *3& "42& =::.& <68.;& 3"43& 3":& 9:3"6;&
82:;&*.&3":&,4=614361?&<61&3":&4.4,?2*2&6<&3":&4,54,*.*3?&6<&
3":&+:19:43:;&C43:1&)68,;&.63&;:3:19*.:&*3&C*3"&4&+1:)*2*6.&
B4,8:2&,6C:1&3"4.&X&9/&@4@YZ[I#&@611:)3*6.&6<&3"*2&*228:&
2"6C2& 3"43& 3":& 4B:14/:& B4,8:& 6<& 3":& 4,54,*.*3?& 6<& 3":& +:1R
9:43:;&C43:1&3"43&4++:41&*.&L4=,:&S#S&2"68,;&=:&4=683&S#\&
9/&@4@YZ&*.23:4;&6<&\#\&9/&@4@YZ#&
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4,54,*.*3?&9823&=:&*.&3":&61;:1&6<&T#X&9/&@YU[I&*.23:4;&6<&
Z\#S&9/&@YU[I&42&2"6C.&*.&L4=,:&S#S#&
L"*2& *.4))814)?& *.& 3":& 4.4,?3*)4,& 9:3"6;& 6.,?& 4<<:)32& 3":&
B4,8:2& 6<& 4,54,*.*3?& 4.;& @YU& )6.3:.3& 6<& +:19:43:;& C43:1&
=83& .63& 1:9*.:14,*2:;& C43:1#& L"82%& 6.,?& 269:& !&/81:2& 4.;&
34=,:2%&:2+:)*4,,?&@"4+3:1&S%&41:&4<<:)3:;#&
L"*2&*.4))814)?%&"6C:B:1%&;6:2&.63&4<<:)3&3":&C43:1&]84,*3?&
6=K:)3*B:&<61&1:9*.:14,*2:;&C43:1&ML4=,:&Z#SN&61&36&3":&+16R
+62:;&)1*3:1*4&<61&*.;*1:)3&)4,)8,43*6.&6<&3":&I(-&M@"4+3:1&
^N#& F61& ;6:2& *3& 4<<:)3& 3":& :B4,843*6.& )1*3:1*4& 2+:)*!&:;& <61&
1:9*.:14,*2:;&C43:1&*.&3":&1:23&6<&3":&>8*;:#&
L"*2&U.;&:;*3*6.&6<&3":&>8*;:&.6C&+8=,*2":;&)611:)3&3"*2&*.R
4))814)?&4.;&=164;:.2&3":&)1*3:1*4&<61&*.;*1:)3&)4,)8,43*6.&
6<&3":&I(-&<169&3":&*.)1:42:&6<&3":&_@#
L":&483"61
S`#!.&/&2"c#0+7347#STQT
JOdDc#UaRIR_I\Q_IZXSXIR
PREFACIO
LA REMINERALIZACIN, GARANTA DE
CALIDAD DEL AGUA DESALADA
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NDICE

!"#$%&'(%)#*#+,)+-'&.,)%&#"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""/

/"#0121+3%24&3.+1&#5%#-1&#16'1&#5%&1-151&#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7

8"#02.3%2.,&#9121#-1#%:1-'1+.;)#5%#-1&#16'1&#5%&1-151&#*#2%(.)%21-.<151&#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""8/

Niveles adecuados de remineralizacin """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""==

="#>.:%-%&#;93.(,&#5%#-1#2%(.)%21-.<1+.;)#

?"#0@-+'-,#.)5.2%+3,#5%-#ABC#*#5%-#BD$#5%-#16'1#2%(.)%21-.<151
# 1#9123.2#5%#-,&#513,&#5%#0E#*#9F#1)3%&#*#5%&9'G&#5%#-1#2%(.)%21-.<1+.;)#"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""?H

H"#IG+).+1&#9121#-1#2%(.)%21-.<1+.;)#5%#-1&#16'1&#5%&1-151&#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""H=

J"#K2,+%5.(.%)3,#5%#3,(1#5%#('%&321&L#+,)&%2:1+.;)#*#1)@-.&.&#5%#16'1&#5%&1-151&#*#2%(.)%21-.<151&#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""J7

M"#B,N2%#-1&#(%<+-1&#5%#16'1&#2%(.)%21-.<151&#+,)#16'1&#5%&1-151&#"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""M=

INDEX

!"#$%&&'()#'*+#,-*,.%/0-*/#"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1

2"#34'(',56(0/50,/#-7#+6/'.0*'56+#8'56(/#"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""2!

1"#3(056(0'#7-(#546#'//6//&6*5#-7#+6/'.0*'56+#'*+#(6&0*6('.0/6+#8'56(/#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""11

9"#:;50&%&#.6<6./#-7#(6&0*6('.0/'50-*#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""9=

="#>*+0(6,5#,'.,%.'50-*#-7#546#?$>#'*+#$@A#-7#(6&0*6('.0/6+#8'56(
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G"#H6,4*0I%6/#7-(#546#(6&0*6('.0/'50-*#-7#+6/'.0*'56+#8'56(/#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""G=

F"#C(-,6+%(6#7-(#546#/'&;.0*EJ#,-*/6(<'50-*#'*+#'*'.)/0/#-7#+6/'.0*'56+#'*+#(6&0*6('.0/6+#8'56(/#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""K!

K"#L0M6/#-7#(6&0*6('.0/6+#'*+#+6/.0*'56+#8'56(/#""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""K=

RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES
OBJETIVOS DE LA GUA
"#$%&'()*+%$,(-(./#$0($(1)/$234/$(1$*#31)./.5$6/.)*(-0%$6.*-7*8
6/#9(-)($0($0/)%1$0($7/96%5$#%1$7.*)(.*%1$:3($0(&(-$3)*#*;/.1($
6/./$(+/#3/.$7%..(7)/9(-)($#/$7/#*0/0$0($#/1$/,3/1$0(1/#/0/1$<$
.(9*-(./#*;/0/15$<$=/7*#*)/.$/14$(#$7396#*9*(-)%$0($#/$-%.9/)*8
+/$6/./$/,3/1$0($/&/1)(7*9*(-)%$0($#/$>"$?@A$!BCDECCFGH$
"-$7%-7.()%5$#%1$%&'()*+%1$(16(74!$7%1$0($#/$234/$1%-I$
J$"1)/&#(7(.$#%1$7.*)(.*%1$0($)%9/$0($93(1)./1$<$7K#73#%$0($
#%1$.(13#)/0%1$/-/#4)*7%1$:3($6(.9*)/-$0(!$-*.$7%..(7)/8
9(-)($#/$7/#*0/0$#/1$/,3/1$0(1/#/0/1$<$.(9*-(./#*;/0/1L$
J$"1)/&#(7(.$73K#(1$0(&(-$1(.$#%1$-*+(#(1$M6)*9%1$0($
.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-$0(-).%$0($3-$7%1)($./;%-/&#(L
J$"1)/&#(7(.$3-$9N)%0%$*-0*.(7)%$6/./$#/$+/#%./7*M-$0(#$
de los incrementos
,./0%$0($.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-$/$)./+N1$#%1$*-7.(9(-)%1$(-$
(#$6O$<$#/$P"H$
en el pH y la CE.
RESUMEN DE LOS TRABAJOS
REALIZADOS
"-$(1)/$234/$1($(-)*(-0($6%.$Q/,3/$0(1/#/0/R$/:3(##/$:3($
6.%+*(-($0*.(7)/9(-)($0($#/$M19%1*1$*-+(.1/H$"#$/,3/$0(1/8
#/0/$1($(-)*(-0($:3($(1$3-$/,3/$1*-$.(9*-(./#*;/.H$"#$/,3/$
0(1/#/0/$ .(7*&($ )/9&*N-$ (#$ -%9&.($ 0($ 6(.9(/0%H$ $ "1$ *98
6%.)/-)($)(-(.$(-$73(-)/$:3($#%1$0/)%1$:3($1($9/-('/-$6/./$
#/$ (#/&%./7*M-$ 0($ (1)/$ 234/$ 6.%7(0(-$ )%0%1$ 0($ 6#/-)/1$ 0($
0(1/#/7*M-$0($/,3/$0($9/.H$
"#$ )./&/'%$ *-7#3<(5$ (-$ 6.*9(.$ #3,/.5$ 3-/$ (S)(-1/$ 7%-13#)/$
&*&#*%,.K!$7/$1%&.($(1)%1$)(9/1$<$(-$(16(7*/#$1%&.($#%1$(18
)K-0/.(1$0($7/#*0/0$<$9N)%0%1$/-/#4)*7%1H
T/./#(#/9(-)(5$ 1($ U/-$ .(/#*;/0%$ 3-/$ 1(.*($ 0($ /-K#*1*1$ 0($
/,3/1$ 0(1/#/0/1$ 6.%7(0(-)(1$ 0($ 0*1)*-)/1$ 0(1/#/0%./1$ 7%-$
(#$!$-$0($(1)30*/.$(#$7%96%.)/9*(-)%$0($(1)/1$/,3/1$(-$7%-8
)/7)%$7%-$#/$/)9M1=(./H
V$ 7%-)*-3/7*M-5$ 1($ /-/#*;/.%-$ #%1$ 7.*)(.*%1$ 0($ (+/#3/7*M-$
9K1$=.(73(-)(1$<$(-$(16(7*/#$(#$4-0*7($0($1/)3./7*M-$0($W/-8
,(#*(.$?WXYG$<$(#$6.%7(0*9*(-)%$6/./$(#$7K#73#%$0(#$6O$0($
1/)3./7*M-$?6O1/)GH$
"-$ &/1($ )/9&*N-$ /$ 0/)%1$ 7%-7.()%1$ 1($ U/-$ (S/9*-/0%$ #/1$
7/./7)(.41)*7/1$0($#/1$/,3/1$.(9*-(./#*;/0/1$<$13$7%96%.)/8
9*(-)%$(-$7%-)/7)%$7%-$#/$/)9M1=(./H$"#$%&'()*+%$(./$0(9%18
)./.$73K#(1$1%-$#%1$-*+(#(1$M6)*9%1$0($.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-$:3($
,/./-)*;/-$3-$WXY$(1)/&#($<$3-$7%-139%$94-*9%$0($PZEH$
T/./$(+/#3/.$9('%.$#%1$.(13#)/0%15$1($.(/#*;/.%-$1*93#/7*%8
-(1$9/)(9K)*7/1$(16(74!$7/1$1%&.($#/$.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-5$3)*8
#*;/-0%$6.%,./9/1$0($7K#73#%$7%-$&/1($)(M.*7/$/'31)/0%1$/$
6/.)*.$0($0/)%1$(964.*7%1H
$CH$@"X>["\$]$PZ\PW>XYZ\"X
>-/$6/.)($*96%.)/-)($0($#%1$)./&/'%1$U/$1*0%$(-=%7/0/$U/7*/$
(#$(1)30*%$0($#%1$7/9&*%1$0($#/$7%96%1*7*M-$0($#/1$/,3/1$
0(1/#/0/1$6.%+%7/0%1$6%.$#/$.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-H$$"#$%&'()*+%$
(./$(1)/&#(7(.$3-$9N)%0%$:3($6(.9*)*(./$(#$7K#73#%$*-0*.(7)%$
0(#$WXY5$/14$7%9%$%).%1$4-0*7(15$/$6/.)*.$0(#$*-7.(9(-)%$0(#$
6O$<$0($#/$P"H
W/$ 234/$ *-7#3<($ )/9&*N-$ 3-$ .(139(-$ 0($ #/1$ )N7-*7/1$ 0($
.(9*-(./#*;/7*M-$ 7%-$ (16(7*/#$ U*-7/6*N$ (-$ #/1$ )N7-*7/1$ 0($
y
#%1$#(7U%1$0($7/#7*)/$0($0%1*!$7/7*M-$7%-$#(7U/0/$0($7/#H$X($
*-7#3<($)/9&*N-$3-/$1(.*($0($.(7%9(-0/7*%-(1$/$)(-(.$(-$
73(-)/$(-$#/$0%1*!$7/7*M-$0($PZEH
W/$234/$*-7#3<($3-$7/64)3#%$7%-$*-0*7/7*%-(1$6/./$(#$93(18
).%$<$/-K#*1*1$0($#/1$/,3/1$0(1/#/0/1$<$.(9*-(./#*;/0/1$/)(-8
0*(-0%$/$13$&/'/$/#7/#*-*0/0$<$/$#/$=/7*#*0/0$7%-$:3($+/.4/$
13$7%-)(-*0%$(-$PZEH
T%.$ ^#)*9%5$ #/$ 234/$ *-7#3<($ 3-$ (1)30*%$ 0($ 6.%,./9/1$ 0($
1*93#/7*M-$ 0($ 9(;7#/1$ <$ 13$ 3)*#*0/0$ 6/./$ /-/#*;/.$ (#$ 6%.$
7*(-)%$0($/,3/1$0(1/#/0/1$:3($63(0(-$9(;7#/.1($7%-$/,3/1$
.(9*-(./#*;/0/1$%$/,3/1$7%-)*-(-)/#(1$03./1Hcon LSI >- 0,5.
CONCLUSIONES
W/$234/$7%-1)/$0($1*()($7/64)3#%1H$V$7%-)*-3/7*M-$1($.(139(-$
#/1$7%-7#31*%-(1$9K1$*96%.)/-)(1$0($7/0/$3-%$0($(##%1H$
1. Caractersticas de las aguas desaladas
W/1$/,3/1$0(1/#/0/1$.(16%-0(-$/$3-/$1%#37*M-$7%-$3-$7%-8
)(-*0%$9(0*%$(-$1M#*0%1$)%)/#(1$0*13(#)%1$0($E_C$9,$X`ADW5$
0%-0($ /6.%S*9/0/9(-)($ (#$ aEb$ (1$ P#\/H$ $ W/1$ /,3/1$ 0(8
1/#/0/1$ )*(-(-$ 3-$ 7%-)(-*0%$ 93<$ &/'%$ 0($ OPZF8$ ?c$ B$ 9,$
OPZF8DWG5$ /14$ 7%9%$ P/Ed$ ?c$ E5e$ 9,$ P/EdDWG$ <$ [,Ed$ ?c$ B$
9,$[,EdDWGH$
"#$ 7%-)(-*0%$ (-$ 9/,-(1*%$ (1$ /6.%S*9/0/9(-)($ (#$ 0%&#($
:3($(#$0($7/#7*%5$(S6.(1/0%1$/9&%1$(-$9,DWH$
"#$6O$/$#/$1/#*0/$0($#%1$&/1)*0%.(1$0($M19%1*1$*-+(.1/$%17*#/$
0(10($e5F$/$f5a5$0(6(-0*(-0%$0($#/1$7%-0*7*%-(1$0($%6(./8
7*M-$ 0($ #/$ 6#/-)/H$ P%..(16%-0*(-)(9(-)(5$ (#$ 7%-)(-*0%$ (-$
PZE$+/.4/$(-).($C5_$<$!f$9,$PZEDWH$
V#,3-/1$/,3/1$63(0(-$1/#*.1($0($(1)($./-,%$0(&*0%$/$)./)/8
9*(-)%1$(16(74!$7%1H$W%1$7/1%1$0($6O1$/#)%1$(1)K-$.(#/7*%8
-/0%1$7%-$#/$-(7(1*0/0$0($/39(-)/.$(#$.(7U/;%$0($&%.%$0($
#/1$9(9&./-/1H$
W/$ .(#/7*M-$ #%,/.4)9*7/$ 0(17.*)/$ (-$ #/$ #*)(./)3./$ (-).($ (#$
6O$<$(#$7%-)(-*0%$(-$PZE$0(#$/,3/$1($+($7%..%&%./0/$7%-$
#%1$ 0/)%1$ %&)(-*0%1$ 6/./$ #/1$ /,3/1$ 0(1/#/0/1$ /$ #/$ 1/#*0/$
0(#$&/1)*0%.H
!
 "#$%&'()&*$+$,-*,.('/-*&'

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1$486<0A5;$50$B1;C<917<$BD0B8B<#$E1FC8G9$?;565971$50$;8562<$
45$?;<C05F16$45$B<;;<68H9$?<;$63$F1I<;$B<975984<$59$B0<= "#$%&'()&*$+$,-*,.('/-*&'
&0$ <CW578A<$ 45$ 01$ ;5F895;108T1B8H9$ 56P$ 2595;10F5975P$ ?;<=
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V45FD6P$65$7;171$45$B<965238;$567<$B<9$39$B<963F<$FX98F<$
&0$ ?S$ 450$ 1231$ 45610141$ 65$ 5@3808C;1$ ;D?841F5975$ B<9$ 50$
&0$1231$45610141$78595$39$.'/$89:5;8<;$1$=>$?<;$0<$@35$785945$ 3. Niveles
45$,- L ptimos
$B<9$50$!adecuados de deremineralizacin
remineralizacin
$9$45$F898F8T1;$0<6$B<6756$45$5Y?0<71B8H9#$
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L
08T14<$B<9$B38414<$I$?;5:5;5975F5975$!"#$!%&#$
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567D$597;5$KPU$I$QP"$I$50$B<975984<$59$,-L$10;5454<;$45$"P!$ ?;5659719$59$01$E1C01$"#a#$$
V45FD6P$65$7;171$45$B<965238;$567<$B<9$39$B<963F<$FX98F<$
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45$?;<C05F16$59$016$8967101B8<956#$
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M/.N916.:%
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2. Criterios de evaluacin de las aguas F<686$89A5;61$I$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9$?1;1$10B19T1;$
!"#$"% &'()% ,V%V,E&%c'E/,V'$ "PQ$j$"Pa
,-LP$F2M.$ %&,-)&*^V^V'$
desaladas y remineralizadas
.1$73;C845T$450$1231$<6F<78T141$567D$10;5454<;$45$"PL$*E(P$
[<;$\078F<P$0<6$;5630714<6$1?39719$1$@35$50$1231$45610141$ 0<6$A10<;56$45$01$E1C01$"#a#
[V%V$ .V'$ V`(V'$ ^&'V.V^V'$ ,-*$ (*$ */d&.$
.'/$J')L!!"N$ j$"PaO
?348594<$B<96845;1;65$A10<;56$63?5;8<;56$B<F<$8948B178A<$
9<$ 78595$ 2595;10F5975$ 63!$B85975$ ,-L$ B<F<$ ?1;1$ ?5;F878;$ e[E/)-$^&$%&)/*&%V./fV,/e*#$
V39@35$5Y8675$39$FG7<4<$68F?08!
45$?;<C05F16$59$016$8967101B8<956#$ $B14<P$71FC8G9$B<9<B84<$
391$;5F895;108T1B8H9$?<;$0<$@35$65$;5@385;5$39$1?<;75$148= *+,-./%&'()%012/3+45%156.1%2/%/23/2+5+7/7%712%81.91/7:%
B<F<$FG7<4<$V],^P$?1;1$50$BD0B30<$450$?S617P$65$_1B5$9<=
B8<910$45$,-L#$$ ;%2/%7:<+! %3/3+45%71%=>
E10$ I$ B<F<$ %8/./%3:5<1,-+.%-5%/,-/%.19+@
65$ 8948B1$ 59$
M/.N916.:% ? 50$ ,1?X730<$ aP$ 01$ F1I<;X1$ 45$ 016$
0/5,:
71;$ @35$ 5675$ FG7<4<$ 68F?08!$B14<$ 56$ 39$ FG7<4<$ B<9$ C165$
&0$'V%$450$1231$45610141$I$689$;5F895;108T1;$56$F1I<;$<$ 51./2+A/7/%/%8B%CD?E%;%3:5%&DF%9,%=>
?019716$4561014<;16$785959$@35$1g148;$,- G$%3:5%213H:<%71%
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2. Criterios
5F?X;8B1$
82310$ @35$
@35$ UP$9<$ de8948B1$
@35$ evaluacin
0<$ B<96845;1$ 391$ 65;85$
@35P$ 45$de
50$ 1231$ las 6<C;5$
16?5B7<6$
45610141$ aguas01$
1?08B141$ 3/23+6/'%%I/6:<%<+9-2/7:<%/%8/.6+.%71%-5%/,-/%71</2/7/%
F<686$89A5;61$I$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9$?1;1$10B19T1;$
desaladas y remineralizadas
@3XF8B1$450$1231$@35$45C59$65;$75984<6$59$B35971$1$01$_<;1$
48;5B71F5975P$?3545$65;$?5;W348B810$?1;1$01$567;3B73;1$45$0<6$ V0kP$F2$,1,-
3:5%('J%9,%=/ ?K M.$
G$%;%%??%L='
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45$A10<;1;$145B3141F5975$0<6$:1B7<;56$@35$8975;A85959$59$01$
6350<6$12;XB<016#$E1FC8G9$?3545$B1361;$?;<C05F16$45$7<Y8= S,-!=P$F2M.$ Ki$j$!
;51BB8H9$CD68B1$45$6173;1B8H9#$
B8414$?1;1$10239<6$B3078A<6$?<;$50$5YB56<$59$*1
V39@35$5Y8675$39$FG7<4<$68F?08! Z
$;56?5B7<$
$B14<P$71FC8G9$B<9<B84<$ *+,-./%&'()%012/3+45%156.1%2/%/23/2+5+7/7%712%81.91/7:%
10$,1LZ$I$)2LZ#$
B<F<$FG7<4<$V],^P$?1;1$50$BD0B30<$450$?S617P$65$_1B5$9<= ,1LZP$F2M.$
;%2/%7:<+! La$j$L
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[<;$
71;$7197<P$ 5671$FG7<4<$
@35$ 5675$ `3X1$ ;5B<F85941$
68F?08!$B14<$50$56$
36<$ 450$
39$ '71941;4$
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[<;$\078F<P$0<6$;5630714<6$1?39719$1$@35$50$1231$45610141$
5F?X;8B1$ @35$ 9<$ B<96845;1$ 391$ 65;85$ 45$ 16?5B7<6$ 6<C;5$ 01$ 3/23+6/'%%I/6:<%<+9-2/7:<%/%8/.6+.%71%-5%/,-/%71</2/7/%
.'/$J')L!!"N$ j$"PaO
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9<$ 78595$ 2595;10F5975$ 63!$B85975$ ,-L$ B<F<$ ?1;1$ ?5;F878;$
@3XF8B1$450$1231$@35$45C59$65;$75984<6$59$B35971$1$01$_<;1$ 3:5%('J%9,%=/?KG$%;%%??%L='J
391$;5F895;108T1B8H9$?<;$0<$@35$65$;5@385;5$39$1?<;75$148=
45$A10<;1;$145B3141F5975$0<6$:1B7<;56$@35$8975;A85959$59$01$
VFC<6$FG7<4<6$?;<43B59$39$A10<;$48:5;5975$450$?S617#$&0$
B8<910$45$,-L#$$
;51BB8H9$CD68B1$45$6173;1B8H9#$ E10$ I$ B<F<$ 65$ 8948B1$ 59$ 50$ ,1?X730<$ aP$ 01$ F1I<;X1$ 45$ 016$
A10<;$<C75984<$?<;$50$FG7<4<$68F?08!$B14<$56$1?;<Y8F141= ?019716$4561014<;16$785959$@35$1g148;$,-L$456?3G6$45$01$H6=
2. 7197<P$
Criterios de;5B<F85941$
evaluacin 50$ 36<$de las aguas
F5975$"PL$39841456$FD6$952178A<P$@35$50$<C75984<$?<;$68=
[<;$ 5671$ `3X1$ 450$ '71941;4$ )5= F<686$89A5;61$I$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9$?1;1$10B19T1;$
desaladas y remineralizadas
238594<$50$')L!!"#$,<;;56?<9485975F5975P$50$.'/$;563071$
7_<4$L!!"$J')L!!"NP$C1614<$59$39$BD0B30<$FD6$;823;<6<$45$ 0<6$A10<;56$45$01$E1C01$"#a#
71FC8G9$89:5;8<;$59$"PL$39841456$10$.'/$<C75984<$652\9$50$
016$;51BB8<956$@35$8975;A85959#$
')L!!"#$
V39@35$5Y8675$39$FG7<4<$68F?08!$B14<P$71FC8G9$B<9<B84<$ .1$ 4<68!$B1B8H9$ 45$ ,-LP$ 95B561;81$ ?1;1$ 10B19T1;$ 0<6$ 98A5056$
*+,-./%&'()%012/3+45%156.1%2/%/23/2+5+7/7%712%81.91/7:%
B<F<$FG7<4<$V],^P$?1;1$50$BD0B30<$450$?S617P$65$_1B5$9<=
VFC<6$FG7<4<6$?;<43B59$39$A10<;$48:5;5975$450$?S617#$&0$ 45$ ;5F895;108T1B8H9$
;%2/%7:<+! ?;<?3567<6$
%3/3+45%71%=> ?
59$ 01$E1C01$ "#a$ 45?59459$ 45$
%8/./%3:5<1,-+.%-5%/,-/%.19+@
V75948594<$1$@35$50$')L!!"$56$50$FG7<4<$14<?714<$8975;=
71;$ @35$ 5675$ FG7<4<$ 68F?08!$B14<$ 56$$B14<$56$1?;<Y8F141=
A10<;$<C75984<$?<;$50$FG7<4<$68F?08! 01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9#$&9$
39$ FG7<4<$ B<9$ C165$51./2+A/7/%/%8B%CD?E%;%3:5%&DF%9,%=>?G$%3:5%213H:<%71%
91B8<910F5975P$
5F?X;8B1$ @35$ 9<$65$ B<96845;1$ @35$
391$ 50$ B3F?08F8597<$
65;85$ 45$ 16?5B7<6$450$
F5975$"PL$39841456$FD6$952178A<P$@35$50$<C75984<$?<;$68= %^$01$
6<C;5$01$h823;1$"#a$65$F3567;19$016$4<686$;5@35;8416$?1;1$B141$1231$
3/23+6/'%%I/6:<%<+9-2/7:<%/%8/.6+.%71%-5%/,-/%71</2/7/%
a>"ML""!$45C5;D$B<967171;65$45$1B35;4<$B<9$50$FG7<4<$56=
@3XF8B1$450$1231$@35$45C59$65;$75984<6$59$B35971$1$01$_<;1$
238594<$50$')L!!"#$,<;;56?<9485975F5975P$50$.'/$;563071$ 652\9$50$?S$I$01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895=
3:5%('J%9,%=/?KG$%;%%??%L='J
71941;4$')$L!!"$I$9<$50$68F?08! $B14<$V],^#$
45$A10<;1;$145B3141F5975$0<6$:1B7<;56$@35$8975;A85959$59$01$
71FC8G9$89:5;8<;$59$"PL$39841456$10$.'/$<C75984<$652\9$50$ ;108T1B8H9#
;51BB8H9$CD68B1$45$6173;1B8H9#$
')L!!"#$ .1$ 4<68!$B1B8H9$ 45$ ,-LP$ 95B561;81$ ?1;1$ 10B19T1;$ 0<6$ 98A5056$
45$ ;5F895;108T1B8H9$ ?;<?3567<6$ 59$ 01$E1C01$ "#a$ 45?59459$ 45$
[<;$ 7197<P$ 5671$ `3X1$ ;5B<F85941$ 50$ 36<$ 450$ '71941;4$ )5=
V75948594<$1$@35$50$')L!!"$56$50$FG7<4<$14<?714<$8975;= 01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9#$&9$
7_<4$L!!"$J')L!!"NP$C1614<$59$39$BD0B30<$FD6$;823;<6<$45$
91B8<910F5975P$ 65$ B<96845;1$ @35$ 50$ B3F?08F8597<$ 450$ %^$ 01$h823;1$"#a$65$F3567;19$016$4<686$;5@35;8416$?1;1$B141$1231$ !
016$;51BB8<956$@35$8975;A85959#$
a>"ML""!$45C5;D$B<967171;65$45$1B35;4<$B<9$50$FG7<4<$56= 652\9$50$?S$I$01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895=
71941;4$')$L!!"$I$9<$50$68F?08!$B14<$V],^#$ ;108T1B8H9# con lechos de calcita.
VFC<6$FG7<4<6$?;<43B59$39$A10<;$48:5;5975$450$?S617#$&0$
A10<;$<C75984<$?<;$50$FG7<4<$68F?08!$B14<$56$1?;<Y8F141=
F5975$"PL$39841456$FD6$952178A<P$@35$50$<C75984<$?<;$68=
238594<$50$')L!!"#$,<;;56?<9485975F5975P$50$.'/$;563071$ !
71FC8G9$89:5;8<;$59$"PL$39841456$10$.'/$<C75984<$652\9$50$
')L!!"#$ .1$ 4<68!$B1B8H9$ 45$ ,-LP$ 95B561;81$ ?1;1$ 10B19T1;$ 0<6$ 98A5056$
45$ ;5F895;108T1B8H9$ ?;<?3567<6$ 59$ 01$E1C01$ "#a$ 45?59459$ 45$
V75948594<$1$@35$50$')L!!"$56$50$FG7<4<$14<?714<$8975;= 01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895;108T1B8H9#$&9$
91B8<910F5975P$ 65$ B<96845;1$ @35$ 50$ B3F?08F8597<$ 450$ %^$ 01$h823;1$"#a$65$F3567;19$016$4<686$;5@35;8416$?1;1$B141$1231$
a>"ML""!$45C5;D$B<967171;65$45$1B35;4<$B<9$50$FG7<4<$56= 652\9$50$?S$I$01$10B10898414$450$?5;F514<$19756$45$01$;5F895=
71941;4$')$L!!"$I$9<$50$68F?08!$B14<$V],^#$ ;108T1B8H9#

!

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4. Clculo indirecto del LSI y del SAR a partir
de los datos de CE25 y pH antes y despus
de la remineralizacin
<&>( +->F#/*?&>( &L/-.D?&>( *=F./*.( *( OF-( -#( <AQ( ?-#( *6F*(
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U&.?-Xsiendo (r) reminealizada y (o) sin remineralizar:
"#$(I("#$%+'(:("#$%&'
7@3!(I(7@3!%+'((:(7@3!%&'(
<*( aD6F+*( 0E3( =+->-./*( #*( +-#*BDH.( -./+-( -./+-( #*( 7@3!( ?-#(
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6&>'A&>2&'7B'CD*)'
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@#()*#&+(?-(7*%+'(?-#(*6F*(+-5D.-+*#DG*?*(=F-?-(B*#BF#*+>-(*(
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5. Tcnicas de remineralizacin
@#( *.M#D>D>( ?-( #*>( /NB.DB*>( ?-( +-5D.-+*#DG*BDH.( ?-5F->/+*(
OF-(/*./&(#*(/NB.DB*(?-(#-B^&>(?-(B*#BD/*(B&5&(?-(#-B^*?*(
?-(B*#(/D-.-.(F.(*#/&(.D)-#(?-(?->*++&##&E(@#(5-.&+(B&.>F5&(
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012$ 034512$ 63$ 4704897$ 21:$ ;:7$ 9<4:847$ =>2$ 3297?03$ @7A7$ 07$
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41:$0345767$63$470#$
.7$6128!$4748C:$63$,-F$63?3$5743A23$3:$47;670$63243:63:G
La velocidad adecuada debe ser de 0,070,02 m/s con el
93#$.7$H30148676$63243:63:93$70A36361A$63$"I"!$=J2$41:$30$
!$:$63$3H897A$30$7AA729A3$63$072$?;A?;K72$1$07$21?A3$6128!$47G
48C:#$ .7$ @A328C:$ 63$ 8:L3448C:$ 63?3$ 23A$ 630$ 1A63:$ 63$ "IFM$
?7A32$=7L1A$E;3$07$630$7D;7#$
&0$ 983=@1$ 63$ :34327A81$ @7A7$ 07$ 68210;48C:$ 630$ ,-F$ @;363$
A36;48A23$ 41:2863A7?03=3:93$ 28$ 23$ ;9808B7:$ 012$ 4A893A812$
7@;:97612$3:$30$@>AA7N1$7:93A81A#$O3:3A70=3:93$23$A3E;83A3$
;:12$M$23D;:612$@7A7$;:7$68210;48C:$63$P"GQ"$=D$,-FJ.$
;9808B7:61$012$4A893A812$=3:481:7612
&:$4;70E;83A$4721I$23$63?3$3H897A$07$6128!$4748C:$63$,-F$3:$
9;?3AR7$51A8B1:970#$
.12$63243:212$63$93=@3A79;A7$5743:$682=8:;8A$07$H30148676$
63$ 072$ A374481:32$ E;3$ 8:93AH83:3:$ 3:$ 07$ A3=8:3A708B748C:#$
&:$30$4721$63$012$034512$63$4704897I$30$983=@1$63$41:97491$
@7A7$ 7047:B7A$ ;:7$ A3=8:3A708B748C:$ 7634;767$ 7;=3:97$ 63$
P"$7$PQ$=8:;912$4;7:61$07$93=@3A79;A7$630$7D;7$632483:63$
63$FST,$7$PQT,#$
7. Simulacin de mezclas de aguas
.12$ =163012$ 63$ 28=;0748C:$ 63$ =3B4072$ 3298=7:$ 41:$ ;:7$
@A34828C:$63$;:$X"YGXMY$012$A32;097612$63$012$7:>08282$63$
07?1A791A81#$$
.72$28=;07481:32$@3A=893:$7!$A=7A$E;3$:1$23$63?3$7Z768A$
=>2$ 630$ PMY$ 63$ 7D;7$ 63270767$ 7$ ;:$ 7D;7$ A3=8:3A708B767$
41:$;:7$704708:8676$63$["$=D$,7,-\J.I$6761$E;3$30$.'/$63$
entonces menor de -0,5.
07$=3B407$23A>$=3:1A$E;3$G"IM#$
.12$4>04;012$A3708B7612$41:$=3B4072$63$7D;72$41:98:3:97032$
?847A?1:797672$ L$ 7D;7$ 63270767$ 28:$ A3=8:3A708B7A$ 8:6847:$
E;3$3:$70D;:12$47212$23$@;363$7Z768A$57297$;:$M"Y$63$7D;7$
63270767$28:$E;3$30$.'/$003D;3$7$23A$=3:1A$E;3$G"IM#$
$
)7:;30$V3A:>:63BG';>A3B
'()*)+#,)-.)+#*!/0)#1"2)#
W8A3491A$63$07$];:6748C:$,3:9A1$,7:7A81$630$^D;7
PX$63$_;:81$63$F"P"

6. Tcnicas de muestreo

&0$=;329A31$63$7D;72$632707672$63?3$23A$A3708B761$63$=7G
:3A7$E;3$23$3H893$07$@<A6867$63$,-F#$U7A7$3001$23$A341=83:G
67:$072$=368481:32$!"#$!%&$21?A3$9161$630$@VI$07$93=@3A79;A7$
L$07$,&#$

.7$7:19748C:$63$072$41:68481:32$63$=;329A31$72R$41=1$63$
9A7:2@1A93$ L$ 70=743:7=83:91$ 57297$ 07$ A3708B748C:$ 63$ 012$
7:>08282I$41:14867$41=1$4763:7$63$4;291687I$7L;67$41:28G
63A7?03=3:93$3:$07$$8:93A@A39748C:$63$012$A32;097612#$

.7$2303448C:$630$=<9161$7634;761$@7A7$30$7:>08282$63$07$70G
4708:8676$63?3$5743A23$63$74;3A61$41:$30$:8H30$32@3A761$63$
704708:8676$630$7D;7#$W3$:1$5743A01$@;363$21?A33298=7A23$
41:2863A7?03=3:93$30$41:93:861$3:$,-FI$32@34870=3:93$3:$
072$7D;72$28:$A3=8:3A708B7A#$

!
 $B8$FRVRFM"VWLMXFRL$N"$>RL$R:YRL$N"LR>RNRL

1. CARACTERSTICAS DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS

1.1 Introduccin /.#4.$4'/C5I#$7'0;'$*'$2'#45-'-$-.$%6*5-1%$414'*.%$-5%,.*41%$

KLMNO$@$*'$21#-,24575-'-$.*I24052'$KF"O8
"#$ "%&'(')$ *'%$ '+,'%$ -.%'*'-'%$ -.$ '+,'$ -.$ /'0$ &012.-.#)$
&032452'/.#4.$.#$%,$414'*5-'-)$-.$&*'#4'%$-.$6%/1%5%$5#7.0%'8$ 1.2 Materiales y mtodos
910$4'#41)$.#$.%4'$:,;'$%5./&0.$<,.$%.$-52.$'+,'$-.%'*'-'$%.$
0.!$.0.$'*$'+,'$1%/145='-'$-.$-.%'*'-10'%$-.$'+,'$-.$/'08 9'0'$.*$.%4,-51$-.$*'%$'+,'%$-.%'*'-'%$%.$41/'01#$/,.%40'%$
.#$-5%45#4'%$-.%'*'-10'%$@$%.$0.'*5='01#$'#3*5%5%$!"#$!%&$-.$
>'$ 21/&1%5256#$ -.*$ '+,'$ 1%/145='-'$ 7'0;'$ %.+?#$ .*$ 45&1$ &E)$F")$M./&.0'4,0')$EFGPJ$@$FGPQ8$
-.$&*'#4'$@$*'$A10/'$-.$1&.0'256#8B$>'$'-5256#$-.$325-1%$$1$
C'%.%$'#4.%$-.$*'$6%/1%5%$D'2.$7'05'0$.*$&E$-.*$&.0/.'-1$@)$ R$21#45#,'256#$%.$**.7'01#$*'%$/,.%40'%$'*$*'C10'41051$-1#J
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-.$ *1%$ &'03/.401%8$ 91%4.0510/.#4.)$ %.$ &012.-56$ '$ -.S'0$ *'$
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25.041$45./&1)$D'%4'$,#1%$BU$-;'%8
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IN SITU.
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7'*10.%$
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i"FER hHfhjfh! hUfhefh! hUfhefh!$ Hfhefh!$@$ BBfhefh! 124 /.-5'
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G.%4.

&E e)eh c)cH c)HH c)Pc c)H! c)!H c)ec h)Uk j)!Jk)P

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0,7
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VLBkh)$/+f> HjU !j PUh BjH HHh)ec Bhj)ce

VLBkhfF"Hc h)Uj h)UB h)U! h)Uk h)Ue h)hU

LMN'n2)$/+f> HjU)Uk BBj)e QHc)jB Bek)He HHB)cB !c)P!

LMN'n2fF"Hc h)Uj h)U! h)Uj h)Uj h)Uj h)hB

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LRV BB)Hk P)!h BH)cB k)Bc k)!e P)PP

&E.<$21#$F'FGP !)j! !)hk k)je k)eH k)!h !)Pc !)hk h)Uh

permiti determinar con
bO$"*$EFGP$D'$%5-1$.%45/'-1$'$&'0450$-.$*'$F"Hc$@$*'%$.%&.25!$2'251#.%$-.$*'%$/./C0'#'%$-'-1$<,.$.*$/I41-1$./&*.'-1$.#$.*$*'C10'41051$#1$&.0/54.$-.4.0/5#'0$21#$
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'?F6#:=# b;?7##;43214:61T# b;?7##;43214:61T# b;?7##;43214:61T#
(con saturador) b;?7##;43214:61T#
(con saturador) b;?7##;43214:61T#
(con saturador) b;?7##;43214:61T#
$4$KHi#$KG#
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320=1A4 :=FC;?36 :=FC;?36 :=FC;?36 :=FC;?36 :=FC;?36

56]6;#96;3=16;## ,1=7=;#96;3=16;##
B=]9<4:4# B=]9<4:4#
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:21473=#B2=;31=6

1.3 Resultados y discusin 01234"# 561# 347368# 94:4# 94;6# 967<<=>4# 27# =;32:?6# :=34<<4:6#
@2=14#:=<#4<9479=#:=#=;34#.2A4"#
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:?>=1;4;#:=;4<4:614;#;=#?<2;314#=7#<6;#1=;2<34:6;#:=#<4#'40<4# +7@61B49?C7#:=34<<4:4#;601=#<4#94<?:4:#:=<#4D24#:=#B418#<6;#
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esto es,
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(7#924<V2?=1#94;68#<4#94<?:4:#:=<#4D24#6;B63?]4:4#:=F=7:=# permiti determinar con
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Z-"
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!!
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1.3.1 Sobre la relacin CO2-pH en las aguas

desaladas

)4$ 71$ (1671$ !#!$ 23$ ?623>A1$ 71$ A1>51;5I4$ 837$ JK$ 34$ 712$
J714=12$ @:3$oscila
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%?>>32J?48534=3<34=3D$ 37$el;?4=3458?$
contenido34$en%MLCO 2 vara
$ @:3$ A1>N1$
34=>3$ODGC$<9$%MLP.$F$!E$<9$%MLP.#$.?2$81=?2$>3!$3Q14$
71$>371;5I4$34=>3$37$%ML$F$37$JK#$$.1$B59:>1$!#!$J>3234=1$
la relacion entre el pH el contenido en CO2 para las plantas
7?2$>32:7=18?2$?6=3458?2$F$8?483$23$<:32=>1$71$>371;5I4$
estudiadas.
;71>1$34=>3$1<6?2$J1>R<3=>?2#$
$

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-1' .&A7%&27%"7' 6' /&./$.&978' &' J&%2"%' 9-' %-.&/"01' 9-'
@"..C&18)N

)2=1$>371;5I4$;?>>32J?483$J>R;=5;1<34=3$1$71$SI><:71$J>3T !"#$%&' ()B+' ,-.&/"01' -12%-' CD7.' 3.:EF' 6' CD7.' <&=EF''
234=181$J?>$(577<142G$F$J:675;181$34$!U!L$F$8?483$712$;?4T 8-#G1'.78'9&278'9-'.&'@&A.&'()()
estn expresadas en mg/L.
;34=>1;5?432$83$%ML$F$&7V$32=R$3WJ>321812$34$<9P.#$

1.3.2 Sobre la relacin entre la CE25 y la

presencia de Cl- y Na+

)7$19:1$83217181$>32J?483$1$:41$2?7:;5I4$;?4$17>3838?>$837$
GLX$83$%7Y1#$&2ND$71$;?48:;=5A5818$837$19:1$83217181$32$
85>3;=1<34=3$J>?J?>;5?417$17$54;>3<34=?$83$%7T$F$Y1Z#$.1$
B59:>1$!#L$<:32=>1$32=1$>371;5I4#

.1$>371;5I4$34=>3$37$%7T$F$37$Y1ZD$32$83$!DLC$<[?7$%7T$J?>$
<[?7$Y1Z#$.1$B59:>1$!#"$57:2=>1$32=1$>371;5I4#

1.3.3 Sobre los contenidos en Ca2+ y Mg2+

.?2$;?4=3458?2$34$%1LZ$F$37$[9LZ$<14=53434$:41$;53>=1$J>?T
J?>;5?4175818$239H4$23$>3!$3Q1$34$71$B59:>1$!#\#$-3$1;:3>8?$
;?4$ 32=?2$ 81=?2D$ F$ 83$ S?><1$ 1J>?W5<181D$ J:383$ 12:<5>23$
@:3$[9LZ$]<9P.^$$!DG$W$%1LZ$]<9P.^#
+54$3<61>9?D$4?$23$_1$34;?4=>18?D$;?4$7?2$81=?2$852J?45T
6732D$ :41$ >371;5I4$ ;71>1$ 34=>3$ 71$ %)LC$ F$ 7?2$ ;?4=3458?2$ 34$
%1LZ$F$[9LZ#
!"#$%&'()H+',-.&/"01'-12%-'.&'3&*='6'D#*='8-#G1'.78'9&278'
9-'.&'@&A.&'()()'
1.3.4 Comportamiento del agua desalada en
contacto con la atmsfera
.1$234256575818$837$19:1$83217181$1$71$;175818$837$<:32=>3?$
@:381$3A5834;5181$;?4$7?2$>32:7=18?2$83$712$B59:>12$!#CD$!#E$
F$!#G#$+39H4$32=?2$>32:7=18?2D$712$19:12$832171812$=534834$

!"
 !#$%&'&%()'*+(,%&+$-)$.&+$&/0&+$-)+&.&-&+

1$234565781892$:;<$26$%=>$?2$61$1@AB9C281$2<$D;:19$E;819#$
)9@;$;765F1$1$2G@82A18$D82:14:5;<29$1$61$E;81$?2$5<@28D82@18$
619$A429@819$?2$D28A21?;$H1$342$2<$4<19$>$E;819$H1$D42?2$
I2892$1C2:@1?;$26$DJ$?2$C;8A1$95F<5!$:1@5I1#$
.1$ K5F481$ !#L$ A429@81$ 342$ 26$ 1F41$ ?29161?1$ 2<$ 234565785;$
:;<$61$1@AB9C281$:;<@52<2$1682?2?;8$?2$MNO$AF$%=>P.#$)9@2$
I16;8$:;<@819@1$:;<$26$I16;8$?2$MNLQMNR$AF$%=>P.$D181$619$
1F419$82A5<28165S1?19#$TU28$%1DV@46;$W$9;782$619$:181:@28V9Q
@5:19$?2$619$1F419$82A5<28165S1?19X#
%;A;$D42?2$?2?4:5892$?2$619$K5F4819$!#"N$!#L$H$!#RN$26$?29Q
:2<9;$?26$:;<@2<5?;$2<$%=>$29$A4H$8YD5?;$H$29@Y$8261:5;Q
<1?;$ :;<$ 61$ 71Z1$ 16:165<5?1?$ ?2$ 619$ 1F419$ ?29161?19N$ TI28$
%1DV@46;$>$D181$AY9$5<C;8A1:5B<$9;782$61$I16;81:5B<$?2$61$
16:165<5?1?$?26$1F41$;9A;@5S1?1X#
.1$K5F481$!#[$5649@81$61$2I;64:5B<$?26$.+,Q>OOM[$2<$26$@52AQ
D;$D181$6;9$A59A;9$?1@;9$342$61$K5F481$!#"#$%;A;$D42?2$
;7928I1892$ 26$ .+,Q>OOM$ 92$ A1<@52<2$ 1682?2?;8$ ?2$ QWN$ 1\<$
?29D4]9$ ?2$ I185;9$ ?V19$ ?2$ 29@18$ 26$ 1F41$ 2GD429@1$ 1$ 61$ 1@Q
AB9C281#$ )6$ I16;8$ <2F1@5I;$ ?26$ .+,Q>OOM$ 1D4<@1$ 16$ E2:E;$
?2$342$26$1F41$?29161?1$A1<@52<2$61$@2<?2<:51$1$?59;6I28$26$
:187;<1@;$:Y6:5:;$2<$4<$959@2A1$17528@;#
.1$K5F481$!#^N$D;8$94$D18@2N$5649@81$61$8261:5B<$2<@82$26$DJ$H$
26$.+,Q>OOM$4@565S1<?;$6;9$?1@;9$?2$619$K5F4819$!#R$H$!#[#$+2$
;7928I1$4<1$8261:5B<$:6181$2<@82$1A7;9$D18YA2@8;9#$
_Y9$?2@16629$9;782$26$:Y6:46;$?26$V<?5:2$?2$.1<F26528$T.+,Q
>OOMX$H$94$95F<5!$:1?;$D42?2$;7@2<2892$2<$26$%1DV@46;$>$?2$
29@1$/4V1#
$$

!"#$%&'()*+',-./$0"12'34/'0.2546
2"3.'42'789'34:;$<:'34'/&'5.=&'
34' =$4:5%&:' ;&%&' /&:' &#$&:' 34'
;4%=4&3.)'
.19$ A429@819$ 92$ A1<@4I528;<$ 2GQ
D429@19$ 1$ 61$ 1@AB9C281$ H$ 1F5@1?19$
941I2A2<@2$2<$26$617;81@;85;$?29Q
D4]9$?2$82:;F5?19#$

!"#$%&'()>+',-./$0"12'34/'0.2546
2"3.'42'789'34:;$<:'34'/&'5.=&'
34' =$4:5%&:' ;&%&' /&:' &#$&:' 34'
;4%=4&3.)$ _59A;9$ ?1@;9$ 342$ 61$
K5F481$ !#"$ D28;$ :;<$ 61$ 29:161$ ?2$
%=>$ 82?4:5?1#$ .19$ A429@819$ 92$
A1<@4I528;<$2GD429@19$1$61$1@AB9Q
C281$ H$ 1F5@1?19$ 941I2A2<@2$ 2<$ 26$
617;81@;85;$?29D4]9$?2$82:;F5?19#

!"#$%&' ()?+' ,-./$0"12' 34/' ;@'

34:;$<:'34'/&'5.=&'34'=$4:5%&:'
;&%&'/&:'&#$&:'34';4%=4&3.)'.19$
A429@819$ 92$ A1<@4I528;<$ 2GD429Q
@19$1$61$1@AB9C281$H$1F5@1?19$941Q
I2A2<@2$2<$26$617;81@;85;$?29D4]9$
?2$82:;F5?19#
$

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 !*%=P^P=(#^e3(K=P3%4#%DP3%P]XP3%4#3PDP4P3
1.3.5 Sobre los slidos totales disueltos (STD)
#$%&'%(')&'%!*!%+,%-.,+,$/'$%&0+%1'&0.,+%2,%3(4%0)/,$520+%
-0.% ,&% 67/020% /.'25850$'&% 2,% 2,+,8'859$% '% !:;<=% 0% -0.% &'%
+>6'%2,%'$50$,+%?%8'/50$,+*%=060%->,2,%0)+,.1'.+,%&'%25@
A,.,$85'%,$/.,%&0+%1'&0.,+%6,250+%0)/,$520+%-0.%'6)0+%67@
/020+%,+%2,%/'$%+0&0%!%6BCD%?E%-0.%/'$/0E%6,$0+%2,&%!F*%3,%
'->$/'E%+5$%,6)'.B0%G>,%,&%67/020%2,%&'%+>6'%2,%'$50$,+%
?%8'/50$,+%+,%80$+52,.'%6H+%-.,85+0%?'%G>,%,&%67/020%-0.%
2,+,8'859$%'%!:;<=%->,2,%-.02>85.%-,G>,I0+%,..0.,+*J
#$%8>'&G>5,.%8'+0E%,&%1'&0.%2,%&0+%3(4%'A,8/'%6>?%-080%'&%
8H&8>&0%2,&%D3K@LMM;%N17'+,%='-O/>&0%LE%P-'./'20%L*Q*RS%?%
+,&,8850$'.%>$%1'&0.%,$/.,%;EQ"%?%;EQT%$0%-.02>8,%>$'%25A,@
.,$85'%+5B$5!%8'/51'*
1.3.6 Sobre la turbiedad del agua desalada
D'%/>.)5,2'2%0%/>.)52,U%2,%&'+%'B>'+%2,+'&'2'+%-0.%9+60+5+%
5$1,.+'%,+%)'V'%?%'&.,2,20.%2,%;EL%W(X*%Y'&0.,+%6'?0.,+%2,%
/>.)5,2'2%+>,&,$%+,.%5$258'/510%2,%-.0)&,6'+%2,%80..0+59$%
,$%&'+%5$+/'&'850$,+%0%2,%6,6).'$'+%2,A,8/>0+'+*
1.3.7 ndice de Larson-Skold
13 2,&% 'B>'% 2,+'&'2'% '..0V'% >$%
#&% O$258,% 2,% D'.+0$@3Z0&2!M%
1'&0.%6,250%2,%!R!*%#+/0%,+%5$258'/510%2,%>$%'B>'%80$%>$'%
!"#$%&'()*+',-./$0"12'34/'56789::;'
34<=$><' 34' /&' ?.@&' 34' @$4<?%&<'
=&%&'/&<'&#$&<'34'=4%@4&3.)'%D'+%
6>,+/.'+%+,%6'$/>15,.0$%,[->,+/'+%'%
&'%'/69+A,.'%?%'B5/'2'+%+>'1,6,$/,%
,$% ,&% &')0.'/0.50% 2,+->7+% 2,%
.,80B52'+*
!"#$%&'()A+'B4/&0"12'42?%4'4/'=C'
D'4/'56789::;'=&%&'/&<'&#$&<'34'
=4%@4&3.)' =06)5$'859$% 2,% &0+%
2'/0+%2,%&'%d5B*%!*"%?%d5B*%!*:*%
/,$2,$85'%,[/.,6'%'%-.02>85.%80..0+59$%-0.%-58'2>.'%2,%&'+%
80$2>8850$,+%2,%\5,..0%0%'8,.0%2,+-.0/,B520*%#$%,&%='-O/>@
&0%L%2,%,+/'%]>O'%+,%5$8&>?,%6H+%5$A0.6'859$%+0).,%,&%O$258,%
2,%D'.+0$@3Z0&2%?%+>%5$/,.-.,/'859$*%
1.3.8 SAR
#&% 1'&0.% 6,250% 2,&% 3P^!Q% 0% O$258,% 2,% ')+0.859$% 2,% +0250%
2,&%'B>'%0+60/5U'2'%,+/H%'&.,2,20.%2,%J*%#+/0%'->$/'%'%>$%
'B>'%G>,%->,2,%8'>+'.%2'I0+%$0%+9&0%'&%+>,&0%+5$0%/'6)57$%
'% '&B>$0+% 8>&/510+% -0.% ,[8,+0% 2,% +0250% .,+-,8/0% '&% 8'&850%
?% '&% 6'B$,+50*% % _0.% /'$/0E% 80$15,$,% 80..,B5.% ,+/,% '+-,8/0E%
)5,$% 80$% >$'% .,65$,.'&5U'859$% 0% 80$% &'% '25859$% 2,% 8'&850%
?% 6'B$,+50% 25.,8/'6,$/,% 80$% &0+% A,./5&5U'$/,+*% `H+% 5$A0.@
6'859$%+0).,%,&%3P^%->,2,%0)/,$,.+,%,$%,&%='-O/>&0%L%2,%
,+/'%]>O'*%
1.3.9 pH en equilibrio con la calcita
_0.%a&/560E%,$%&'%(')&'%!*!%+,%-.,+,$/'%,&%-b%2,%,G>5&5).50%
80$%&'%8'&85/'*%%3,Ba$%,+/0+%2'/0+%?%/'&%8060%+,%1,.H%6H+%
'2,&'$/,%'%&0%&'.B0%2,%,+/'%]>O'E%$5$B>$'%2,%&'+%'B>'+%2,+'@
&'2'+%2,%&'%(')&'%!*!%80$/5,$,$%+>!%85,$/,%=cL%'%&'%+'&52'%2,&%
)'+/520.%-'.'%806-&,/'.%>$%-.08,+0%2,%.,65$,.'&5U'859$%2,%
A0.6'%'2,8>'2'*%#$%8>'&G>5,.%8'+0E%,&%80$/,$520%,$%=cL%2,&%
'B>'%0+60/5U'2'%2,-,$2,%2,&%-.,/.'/'65,$/0%2,%&'%9+60+5+%
1,2
5$1,.+'*!EL
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1.4 Conclusiones
)D$ BKQB$ F:=BDBFB$ <:=L?CF:A$ K:C:<BD>:CE:A$ B$ QCB$ =?DQJ@aC$
J?C$QC$J?CE:C@F?$:C$+(-$BD<:F:F?<$F:$UbV$>K\.$G$J?C$QC$
J?CE:C@F?$:C$%D6B$F:D$?<F:C$WUn#$+?C$BKQB=$J?C$QC$J?CE:7
C@F?$>QG$HBo?$:C$1%3[7$Y$U$>K\.Z$B=p$J?>?$5KUf$Y$UA]$
>K\.Z$G$%BUf$Y!A]$>K\.Z$)D$J?CE:C@F?$:C$5KUf$G$%BUf$=?C$
L<?L?<J@?CBD:=A$:c@=E@:CF?$QCB$J@:<EB$<:DBJ@aC$:CE<:$B>H?=9$
>K$5KUf\.$$!AW$c$>K$%BUf\.#$
)D$ L1$ ?=J@DB$ :CE<:$ _A[$ G$ ^A^$ G$ :D$ J?CE:C@F?$ :C$ %3U$ :CE<:$
VAW_$G$!^$>K$%3U\.A$BQCqQ:$BDKQCB=$BKQB=$LQ:F:C$=BD@<=:$
F:$:=E:$<BCK?#^$
)C$BDKQC?=$JB=?=$F?CF:$=:$:>LD:BC$QC$=:KQCF?$LB=?$J?C$
E<BEB>@:CE?=$:=L:Jp!$J?=$LB<B$<:FQJ@<$:D$J?CE:C@F?$:C$2?<?A$
:D$L1$F:D$L:<>:BF?$!$CBD$LQ:F:$=QL:<B<$:D$;BD?<$F:$b$G$DB$
J?CFQJE@;@FBF$F:=J:CF:<$L?<$F:HBo?$F:$!VV$+\J>#
+:$J?C!$<>B$qQ:$DB$<:DBJ@aC$:CE<:$:D$L1$F:D$BKQB$?=>?E@gBFB$
G$:D$J?CE:C@F?$:C$%3U$<:=L?CF:$B$J<@E:<@?=$:=EBHD:J@F?=$:C$
DB$qQp>@JB$F:$BKQB=#W
.?=$pCF@J:=$F:$J?<<?=@;@FBF$BLQCEBC$B$qQ:$:D$BKQB$?=>?E@7
gBFB$E@:C:$QC$JB<rJE:<$J?<<?=@;?$F:H@F?$B$QCB$HBoB$BDJBD@C@7
FBFA$HBo?$JBDJ@?$G$HBo?$L1#$(B>H@sC$E@:C:$JB<rJE:<$J?<<?=@7
;?$ F:H@F?$ B$ QCB$ >BG?<$ L<?L?<J@aC$ F:$ JD?<Q<?=$ G$ =QDNBE?=$
<:=L:JE?$B$D?=$H@JB<H?CBE?=#
)C$BDKQC?=$JB=?=A$:D$L:<>:BF?$@C>:F@BEB>:CE:$B$DB$=BD@FB$
F:$ D?=$ EQH?=$ F:$ L<:=@aC$ E@:C:$ QC$ J@:<E?$ J?CE:C@F?$ :C$ %3U$
qQ:$=:$L@:<F:$:C$L?JB=$R?<B=$=@$:=Er$:C$J?CEBJE?$J?C$DB$BE7
>a=N:<B#$&=pA$:D$L1$F:D$BKQB$F:=BDBFB$F:L:CF:$>QJR?$F:$DB$
>BC@LQDBJ@aC$F:$DB$>Q:=E<B$BCE:=$F:D$BCrD@=@=#
)D$ J?CE:C@F?$ :C$ %3U$ F:D$ BKQB$ ?=>?E@gBFB$ F:L:CF:$ F:D$
L<:E<BEB>@:CE?$ $ qQ:$ RBGB$ <:J@H@F?$ :D$ BKQB$ F:=BDBFB#$ .?=$
BCrD@=@=$ BLQCEBC$ B$ qQ:$ :D$ J?CE:C@F?$ :C$ %3U$ F:$ DB=$ BKQB=$
F:=BDBFB=$C?$=Q:D:$=:<$=Q!$J@:CE:$LB<B$L:<>@E@<$QCB$<:>@C:7
<BD@gBJ@aC$BF:JQBFB$=@C$C:J:=@FBF$F:$BtBF@<$>r=$%3U#$
.B$EQ<H@F:g$F:D$BKQB$?=>?E@gBFB$:=Er$BD<:F:F?<$F:$VAU$6(0$
J?C=@F:<rCF?=:$ ;BD?<:=$ =QL:<@?<:=$ J?>?$ @CF@JBE@;?=$ F:$
L<?HD:>B=$:C$DB=$@C=EBDBJ@?C:=#$
)C$:qQ@D@H<@?$J?C$DB$BE>a=N:<BA$:D$L1$F:D$BKQB$?=>?E@gBFB$
:=Er$ BD<:F:F?<$ F:$ ^A"$ 7$ WAV$ G$ :D$ J?CE:C@F?$ :C$ %3U$ BD<:F:7
F?<$F:$VA[$>K$%3U\.#$)D$pCF@J:$F:$.BCK:D@:<$Y.+,7U[[VZ$=:$
>BCE@:C:$BD<:F:F?<$F:$7]#$
)D$J?J@:CE:$+(-\%)U_$E@:C:$QC$;BD?<$BD<:F:F?<$F:$VA]W#
)D$+&'$F:D$BKQB$?=>?E@gBFB$:=$BDE?$L?<$D?$qQ:$F:H:$E:C:<7
=:$:C$JQ:CEB$LB<B$:;@EB<$L?=@HD:=$FBt?=$B$DB$:=E<QJEQ<B$F:D$
=Q:D?$?$D?=$JQDE@;?=#$
1.5 Referencias
!#$ (1)$ /0,-)2334$ (3$ 5)52'&6)$ -)+&.,6&7
(,36$()%163.3/8$9$':;:<=:$3=>?=@=A$6BC?!$DE<B7
E@?C$BCF$1GH<@F$+G=E:>=$I<?J:==A$-:=@KCA$&LLD@JBE@?C=$
BCF$)J?C?>@J=$HG$5#$M@DNO$.#$&P:<HQJRO$%#$2B<E:D=O$
5#$5@JSD:GO$/#$I:B<J:O$6#$T?QEJRS?;A$)Q<?L:BC$-:=7
BD@CBE@?C$+?J@:EGA$UVVW
U#$ ')T)'+)$ 3+53+,+$ &6-$ 6&63X,.('&(,36#$
5BCQBD$?N$PBE:<$=QLLDG$L<BJE@J:=A$&MM&#$YUVVWZ#
[#$ PPP#D:CCE:JR#:=\F:=BDBJ@?C\F:=BDBJ@?C#RE>$ J?C=QDEB7
FB$:D$!U\!!\UVV"#
]#$ 6#$-).,36A$/#$5&0/0,6A$&6-$I#$%3'+,6A$,>L?<7
EBCJ:$BCF$@>LBJE$?N$L?=E$E<:BE>:CE=$?C$F:=@KC$BCF$?L:<B7
E@?C$?N$+M'3$LDBCE=#$-:=BD@CBE@?C$7$!^_$`$&QK$!_A$UVV]
_#$ %&2&..)'3A$ %&'.3+$ T,%)6()#$ -:=J<@LJ@aC$ F:D$
NQCJ@?CB>@:CE?$F:$DB$F:=BDBF?<B$F:$BKQB$F:$>B<$F:D$JBCBD$
F:$ &D@JBCE:#$ Y)C:#$ UVVbZ$ REEL9\\R@=LBKQB#J:F:c#:=\F?JQ7
>:CEBJ@?C\<:;@=EB=\FGCB\UV#LFN#$Y':J?K@FB$:D$!U\!!\V"Z
^#$ 1)'6d6-)eA$5#A$X#$+0d')eA$.#$I',)(3A$X#$+&67
(&6&#$ ,f-$ =?H<:$ DB$ <:>@C:<BD@gBJ@aC$ F:$ DB=$ BKQB=$
F:=BDBFB=$J?C$D:JR?=$F:$JBDJ@EB#$XQCFBJ@aC$%:CE<?$%B7
CB<@?$F:D$&KQBA$>B<g?$UVV]#$,+269$b]7^V"7V]_^7[
W#$ (,..5&6+A$h#$&6-$1)02.),6A$3#$$,C;:=E@KBE@?C$?N$
ER:$%B<H?C$-@?c@F:$MR@JR$&EEBJS=$%BDJ@Q>$%B<H?CBE:$
@C$6BEQ<BD$MBE:<=#$/:=QCFR#$,CK#$Y/:<#ZA$[_9^^"$Y!"!UZ#$
b#$ +(&6-&'-$ 5)(13-+$ X3'$ (1)$ )i&5,6&7
(,36$ 3X$ M&()'$ &6-$ M&+()M&()'#$ 5:ER?F$
U[[V9$ %BDJ@Q>$ %B<H?CBE:$ +BEQ<BE@?C#$ U!=E$ :F#$ UVV_#$
,+26$V7bW__[7V]W7b#
"#$ &.2&.&-)h3A$/36e&.3#$.BH?<BE?<@?$F:$DB$5BC7
J?>QC@FBF$F:$D?=$%BCBD:=$F:D$(B@H@DDBA$%B<EBK:CB#$%?7
>QC@JBJ@aC$L:<=?CBD#
!V#$ -)+&.,6&(,36$ /0,-).,6)+$ -)T).3I5)6($
X3'$ -',64,6/$ M&()'9$ 2BJSK<?QCFA$ (BHD:$ ,,9$
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2. CRITERIOS PARA LA EVALUACIN DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS Y

REMINERALIZADAS

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].i "Dh" "D!" eDhT "Dh" eDSe "DST "DAA

2.2 Materiales y mtodos

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TABLA 2.4: EXPRESIONES EQUIVALENTES A 10 mg/L

.*/0*-(12&-)f0'/-.)2%'-$)2(&)$.-+$3'/)&+-+$ 5$89:;<=>$?<@$8ABA$?<@$=A$C9DC@D;BACE>D$F@$%A%*"G:H$8@BI
DE CaCO3 DE DUREZA
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2.4 Alcalinidad 8B@CE8E;A#$)D$@:;A:$C9DFECE9D@:$F@$@?<E=EKBE9$D9$:@$8B9F<I
C@D$CAJKE9:$@D$=A$A=CA=EDEFAFY$@=$C9D;@DEF9$@D$CA=CE9$9$=9:$
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89D@D;@:$F@$<DA$:9=<CE>D$AC<9:A$F@$D@<;BA=EaAB$hCEF9:#$+@$
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CEA$F@$KECABK9DA;9:$V$CABK9DA;9:#
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C9D;BEK<V@D$A$=A$A=CA=EDEFAF#$):;9$8<@F@$9C<BBEB$89B$EDdBAI J@FEFA$C9D$=A$`@=EAD;EDA$9$DABADWA$F@$J@;E=9$EJ8=ECA$?<@$@=$
F9:E!$CACE>D$F@$%*!$F<BAD;@$=A$B@JED@BA=EaACE>DY$:9KB@$;9F9$ ZEBAW@$:@$B@A=EaA$A$<D$8T$F@$]Y"$A8B9[EJAFAJ@D;@$V$C9BB@:I
C9D$=9:$;BA;AJE@D;9:$@D$KA:@$A$%AG*TH!$V$%*!# 89DF@$A$;9F9:$=9:$CABK9DA;9:$V$KECABK9DA;9:#\

,ABA$=A:$;cCDECA:$F@$J@FECE>D$F@$=A$A=CA=EDEFAF$:@$B@C9JE@DI +@$AC@8;A$?<@$:E$@=$8T$b$^$;9FA$=A$A=CA=EDEFAF$@:$F@KEFA$A=$
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$
En la Tabla 2.5 se resumen los criterios
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=A$A=CA=EDEFAF#$+@MkD$=9:$FA;9:$F@$=A:$(AK=A:$!#\$V$!#!$=A:$
AM<A:$F@:A=AFA:$;E@D@$<DA$A=CA=EDEFAF$J<V$KAWA$V$=A:$B@JEI F9DF@$N
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8X!=N$=9MABE;J9$D@MA;EZ9$F@$=A$C9D:;AD;@$F@$E9DEaACE>D$F@=$
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2.5 ndice de saturacin o de Langelier
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2.5.1 Mtodo simplificado para el clculo del
pHsat
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2.5.2 El SM2330 para el clculo del pHsat
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2.5.3 El factor para el clculo de la fuerza
inica (I)
A2%.-=26/0%-0:%2$%'3!445<%2$%-M$-=$0%/2%$.%N=26?.%*F:*-.%
`(a%)2%,=2/2%L.-26%2:%8.)2%.%$.%-0:/=-7*I*/./%)2B]:%/.70)%
2+,T6*-0)%0872:*/0)%/2%.B=.)%-0:7*:2:7.$2)G
V72:/*2:/0%.%$.)%,.67*-=$.6*/./2)%/2%$.)%.B=.)%/2).$./.)%K%
62+*:26.$*?./.)% )2% L.% 62I*)./0% 2)72% -02!%-*2:72% =7*$*?.:/0%
,.6.%2$$0%2$%+970/0%/2%-M$-=$0%/2%$.%.-7*I*/./%`Va%.%,.67*6%/2%
$.%-0:/=-7.:-*.%*F:*-.%/2%-./.%=:0%/2%$0)%-.7*0:2)%K%.:*0>
:2)<%)*)72+.%,60,=2)70%-0+0%.$726:.7*I0%2:%2$%'3!445GO
A2%.-=26/0%-0:%2)70)%-M$-=$0)%2$%I.$06%-0662-70%)26T.%/2%(%
)26T.%O<5"%_%O5>D%_%C#!D%K%:0%O<S%_%O5>D%_%C#!DG
2.5.5 Sobre el valor de los STD
#$%&'(%)*+,$*!%-./0%12$%'3!445%$0%,26+*72%7.+8*9:;<%=7*>
$*?.%$0)%'@A%2:%$=B.6%/2%C#!D%,06%$0%E=2%,=2/2%$$2B.6)2%.%
,2:).6%E=2%2)7.%62$.-*F:%2)%*+,067.:72G%para el LSI.
&.%@.8$.%!GH%*$=)76.%$0)%I.$062)%+2/*0)%/2$%-0-*2:72%'@AJC#!D%
,.6.% $.)% .B=.)% /2).$./.)% K% 62+*:26.$*?./.)% /2% -=.760% /2% $.)%
,$.:7.)%2)7=/*./.)G
'*%8*2:%)2%L.%/2+0)76./0%E=2%:0%L.K%,6M-7*-.+2:72%/*N262:>
-*.<%,.6.%$.%0872:-*F:%/2%$0)%I.$06)%/2%'@A%)2%L.%=7*$*?./0%
$.%)=+.%/2%.:*0:2)%K%-.7*0:2)%2:%$=B.6%/2$%,60-2/*+*2:70%
/2%/2)2-.-*F:%.%OH5P<%.72:/*2:/0%.%E=2%,=2/2%-0:)*/26.6)2%
+M)%!%.8$2%2)72%+970/0GOO%

#)7.%/*N262:-*.%*+,$*-.%E=2%2$%'3!445%-.$-=$./0%-0:%2$%I.>
$06%/2%(%b%O<S%_%O5>D%_%C#!D%%2)%5<5O>5<5!%+M)%:2B.7*I0%E=2%2$%
0872:*/0%-0:%2$%I.$06%(%b%O<5"%_%O5>D%_%C#!DG%%'*:%2+8.6B0<%
.72:/*2:/0%E=2%2)7.%/*N262:-*.%2)%,2E=2c.%K%-0:%2$%!%:%/2%:0%
/*!%-=$7.6% 2$% =)0% /2% $0)% ,60B6.+.)% /2% -M$-=$0% 2_*)72:72)% )2%
62),27.%2:%I.$06%/2$%'3!445%.%$0%$.6B0%/2%2)7.%d=T.G
Q06%0760%$./0<%=:%.:M$*)*)%/2$%&'(%-0:%+970/0%)*+,$*!%-./0%
-0:%I.$062)%'@A%/2%5<R"%0%/2%5<DS%/2+=2)76.%E=2%2$%&'(%:0%
en 0,01 unidades.
I.6T.<%0%2:%70/0%-.)0%)F$0%5<5O%=:*/./2)G%
!"#$"% &'()% UV&WX#'% A#&% CWC(#Y@#% '@AJC#!D%
QVXV%A('@(Y@V'%Q&VY@V'%A#'V&VAWXV'

2.5.4 Comparacin entre el clculo del LSI Q$.:7.%

!V
Q$.:7.%
!k
Q$.:7.%
4V
Q$.:7.%
4k
+2/*.
por el mtodo simplificado y el SM2330
'@AJC#!D%/2).$./. 5<R" 5<Rl 5<R" 5<R" 5<R"

V72:/*2:/0% .% E=2% .+80)% +970/0)% )2% =).:% 2:% $.% ,6M-7*-.<% '@AJC#!D%62+*:26.$*?./. 5<DR 5<SO 5<D5 5<D" 5<DS
-0:I*2:2% I26% $.% /*N262:-*.% 2:762% 2$% &'(% )*+,$*!%-./0% K% 2$%
&'(% /2$% '3!445G% #$% .:M$*)*)% /2% 2)7.)% /*N262:-*.)% ,.6.% $.)% 2.6 Sobre el pHsat y el pHeq
.B=.)%/2).$./.)%K%62+*:26.$*?./.)%.,.62-2%2:%$.)%@.8$.)%!GS%
K% !G"% 62),2-7*I.+2:72G% A2% .-=26/0% -0:% 2)70)% /.70)% 2_*)72% #$% ,Z2E% -0662),0:/2% .$% ,Z% /2% 2E=*$*86*0% E=T+*-0% M-*/0>
=:.% /*N262:-*.% 5<!% ,=:70)% 2:762% .+80)% +970/0)% /2% -M$-=> 8.)2%/2%$.%62.--*F:[%%
$0<%*:/2,2:/*2:72+2:72%)*%)2%76.7.%/2%.B=.)%/2).$./.)%0%/2% %
.B=.)%62+*:26.$*?./.)G% C.CW41);%\%CW!1.E;%\%Z!WC.!\1.E;%\%!ZCW4>1.E;
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Ce&Cf&W%A#&%&'(%QWX%#&%3g@WAW%'(3Q&(^(CVAW%
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:0%).7=6./.%/2%-.$-*7.G%
Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.%
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A*N262:-*. >5<OH >5<!O >5<!4 >5<OH >5<!! >5<OH
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!"#$"% &'+)% VYe&('('% CW3QVXV@(UW% #Y@X#% #&%
Ce&Cf&W%A#&%&'(%QWX%#&%3g@WAW%'(3Q&(^(CVAW%h% 2.7 Efecto de la temperatura en el LSI
QWX%#&%%'3!445%QVXV%VdfV'%X#3(Y#XV&(iVAV'G
#$% &'(% )2% I2% .N2-7./0% ,06% $.% 72+,26.7=6.% /2$% .B=.% 7.$% K%
Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% Q$.:7.% -0+0%)2%*$=)76.%2:%$.%^*B=6.%4GO!%/2$%C.,T7=$0%4%,.6.%.B=.)%
O !V !k 4V 4k R 62+*:26.$*?./.)%-0:%/*N262:72)%:*I2$2)%/2%.$-.$*:*/./G%
&'(%1)*+,$*!%-./0; >5<45 >5<H5 >5<4! >5<S5 >5<R! >5<S!

&'(%1'3!445; >5<O4 >5<S5 >5<5l >5<R5 >5<!5 >5<RD

2.8 El LSI en la legislacin espaola
A*N262:-*. >5<O" >5<!5 >5<!4 >5<!5 >5<!! >5<O"
#:%2$%XA%OR5J!554<%V:2_0%O<%@.8$.%C[%Q.6M+2760)%*:/*-.>
/062)%2:%$.%62/%/2%/*)76*8=-*F:<%)2%2)7.8$2-2%E=2%`2$%.B=.%
2:%:*:B]:%+0+2:70%,0/6M%)26%:*%.B62)*I.%:*%*:-6=)7.:72%K%

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?K$A?89KC@<F$<?$>@K>9K@A$?K$=:<=>?$<?$.@:J?K=?A$<?I?A;@$?8C@A$ 2.12 ndice de Puckorius

>FDEA?:<=<F$?:CA?$]aT$bWHq#
)8$ 9:$ ;:<=>?$ <?$ >@AB>C?A$ ?DE;A=>FGH$ FIC?:=<F$ @$ E@AC=A$ <?$
+=$I=?:$?K$&3$GXba!bbe$:F$?8E?>=!$>@$8=$8?$<?I?$9C=K=M@A$?K$ @J9@8$ >F:C=:?:C@K?8$ L$ 8=D=K@A$ @K$ <?$ &LM:@A$ E?AF$ <F:<?$ ?K$
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<?8@K@<@8$L$A?D=:?A@K=M@<@8#
2.9 ndice de Larson-Skold
,+'$Q$!REN8@CS$T$EN?RE9>UFA=98S
)8$8=D=K@A$@$K@$:FAD@$3'2$Hb"eb$R^?A$DB8$@I@gFS$L$C@DI=r:$
=:<=>@C=^F$<?K$EFC?:>=@K$<?$>FAAF8=P:$EFA$E=>@<9A@#$)K$;:<=T 3F:<?V
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EN?RE9>UFA=98S$Q$GWXYH$Z$.FJ$[-KU\$]$XWHX
.@'$Q$R[%KT\$]$[+*X!T\SaR[N%*eT\$]$[%*e!T\S
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2.13. SAR
2.10 Normas DIN
o ndice de absorcin de sodio del agua16
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>?$ <?$ .@A8F:T+UFK<#$Estas
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2.11 ndice de Ryznar K=C?A@C9A@$?8E?>=@K=M@<@#GY

14
)8$ 9:$ ;:<=>?$ <?$ >@AB>C?A$ ?DE;A=>FGX$ E?:8@<F$ E@A@$ @J9@8$ 2.14 Referencias
>F:C=:?:C@K?8$ E?AF$ c9?$ :F$ @EFAC@$ A?@KD?:C?$ =:OFAD@>=P:$
las aguas desaladas y remineralizadas.
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"Y$% ,).34.'4% 7*)d+4,% e+'% )d*% *f.7(3.B
)(+3% +e% L.)*'% .34% L.,)*L.)*'$% 7E?Q=C%
#!#a`9% .G^;GDHD?@9% )D?>;?D=H% 7E?Q=C$% #"F?% EC$% #aaN$%
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 NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN $
$!E$]AOK?K"$^LTA_G"$`K$?R$aK_A]KaR?AbRFA^]$

3. NIVELES ADECUADOS
PTIMOS DEDE
LAREMINERALIZACIN
REMINERALIZACIN

3.1 Introduccin L*+$S.&',*=$5#$)+#5#%&-%$(-&*5$5*>+#$.-$#;*.30'1%$(#.$)I=$

"#$ #%&'#%(#$ )*+$ +#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%$ #.$ 0*%23%&*$ (#$ &40%'0-5$
63#$.*7+-%$-3,#%&-+$.-$(3+#/-$8$.-$-.0-.'%'(-($(#.$-73-$9-5:
&-$ ;-.*+#5$ 63#$ )+*03+-%$ 3%$ <%('0#$ (#$ 5-&3+-0'1%=$ &-,>'4%$
..-,-(*$ (#$ ?-%7#.'#+$ @?"AB=$ '73-.$ *$ )+1C',*$ -$ 0#+*$ 8$ #%$
#63'.'>+'*$0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-E$
.*5$ >'0-+>*%-&*5$ 8$ #.$ ?"A$ (#$ .-5$ -73-5$ +#,'%#+-.'/-(-5$ 8$
#%$ 0*%&-0&*$ 0*%$ .-$ -&,15D#+-=$ 0*%$ #.$ !$%$ (#$ 0*++*>*+-+$ #.$
-%M.'5'5$&#1+'0*$(#$.-$)+',#+-$)-+&#$(#.$0-)<&3.*$8$-83(-+$-$
(#!$%'+$.*5$%';#.#5$1)&',*5$(#$+#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%E$
3.2 Materiales y mtodos

?-$0*%0#%&+-0'1%$(#$FGH$(#$3%$-73-$#%$#63'.'>+'*$0*%$#.$
FGH$(#$.-$-&,15D#+-$(#!$%#$(#$D*+,-$%-&3+-.$#.$)I$8$.-$0*,:
>'%-0'1%$(#$0-+>*%-&*5$8$>'0-+>*%-&*5$63#$0*++#5)*%(#$0*%$
('09*$)IEJ
K%$.*5$5'5&#,-5$->'#+&*5=$03-%(*$#.$0*%&#%'(*$#%$FGH$(#.$
-73-$ #5$ 53)#+'*+$ -.$ 63#$ (#>'#+-$ #5&-+$ #%$ #63'.'>+'*$ 0*%$ #.$
-'+#=$#.$FGH$5#$#50-)-$-$.-$-&,15D#+-$8$#.$)I$-3,#%&-E$L*+$#.$
0*%&+-+'*=$5'$#.$0*%&#%'(*$#%$FGH$#5$'%D#+'*+$-.$63#$(#>'#+-$
#5&-+$#%$#63'.'>+'*$0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-$#.$-73-$->5*+>#+M$FGH$
(#$.-$-&,15D#+-$8$#.$)I$('5,'%3'+ME
K.$*>2#&';*$(#$.-$+#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%$#5=$)*+$3%$.-(*=$-.0-%/-+$
#.$)3%&*$(#$#63'.'>+'*$0-.0*0-+>1%'0*E$K5&*$#5=$(*%(#$#.$)I=$
#.$0-.0'*$('53#.&*$8$-.0-.'%'(-($%*$;-+<-%$*$;-+<-%$,38$)*0*$
#%$0*%&-0&*$0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-E$N$)*+$*&+*$.-(*=$9-0#+.*$(#$.-$
D*+,-$,M5$)+#0'5-$)*5'>.#$0*%$#.$!$%$(#$,'%','/-+$#.$0*%53:
,*$(#$#%#+7<-$8$)+*(30&*5$63<,'0*5=$#%$#5)#0'-.$(#.$FGHE$
@O#+$F-)<&3.*$P$(#$#5&-$Q3<-$)-+-$3%-$+#0*)'.-0'1%$(#$.-5$
&40%'0-5$(#$+#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%$,M5$',)*+&-%&#5BE
K.$)+*0#5*$(#$#63'.'>+'*$(#.$FGH$0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-$(#)#%(#$
(#$.-$&#,)#+-&3+-$8$.-$)+#5'1%$)-+0'-.$(#$FGHEJ$"'%$#,>-+:
7*=$ #%$ .-5$ 0*%('0'*%#5$ (#$ &+->-2*$ (#$ .-5$ (#5-.-(*+-5$ 5*.*$
.-$ &#,)#+-&3+-$ (#.$ -73-$ )3#(#$ ..#7-+$ -$ ;-+'-+$ (#$ D*+,-$
5'7%'!$0-&';-E$ K5&-5$ ('D#+#%0'-5$ 5*%$ 51.*$ #5&-0'*%-.#5$ 8$ %*$
*03++#%$#%$)#+<*(*5$0*+&*5$8$(3+-%&#$#.$D3%0'*%-,'#%&*$(#$
+#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%E
L-+-$-%-.'/-+$#.$0*,)*+&-,'#%&*$(#$.-5$-73-5$+#,'%#+-.'/-:
(-5$#%$#63'.'>+'*$0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-$5#$&*,-+*%$,3#5&+-5$#%$
('5&'%&-5$(#5-.-(*+-5$(#5)345$(#.$&+-&-,'#%&*$(#$+#,'%#+-:
.'/-0'1%$8$5#$+#-.'/-+*%$-%M.'5'5$!"#$!%&$(#$)I=$FK=$T#,)#:
+-&3+-=$IFG!:$8$FG!UE
R$0*%&'%3-0'1%$5#$..#;-+*%$.-5$,3#5&+-5$-.$.->*+-&*+'*$(*%:
(#$5#$+#)'&'#+*%$.*5$-%M.'5'5$8$5#$0*,).#&-+*%$0*%$#.$+#5&*$
(#$ .*5$ )-+M,#&+*5E$ L*5&#+'*+,#%&#=$ 5#$ )+*0#('1$ -$ (#2-+$ .-$
,3#5&+-$#C)3#5&-$-$.-$-&,15D#+-$8$-7'&-(-$53-;#,#%&#$(#$
D*+,-$ ,#0M%'0-=$ &*,M%(*5#$ ,3#5&+-5$ )-+-$ -%M.'5'5$ 0-(-$
0'#+&*$&'#,)*$9-5&-$3%*5$JP$(<-5E
3.3 Resultados y discusin
3.3.1 Equilibrio con el CO2 de la atmsfera
?*5$(-&*5$(#$.-5$V'73+-5$!EJ$8$!EH$(#,3#5&+-%$63#$#.$-73-$
+#,'%#+-.'/-(-$ &'#%(#$ -$ #63'.'>+-+5#$ 0*%$ 3%$ 0*%&#%'(*$ #%$
FGH$-.+#(#(*+$(#$W=XYW=J$,7$FGHZ?E$"#$9-0#$%*&-+$63#$.-$
0*%0#%&+-0'1%$(#$FGH$#%$.-$-&,15D#+-$#63';-.#$-)+*C',-:
(-,#%&#$-$W=[\$,7$FGHZ?

K%$ #5&#$ 0-)<&3.*$ 5#$ &+-&-=$ #%$ )+',#+$ .37-+=$ (#$ -%-.'/-+$ #.$
0*,)*+&-,'#%&*$ (#$ ('5&'%&-5$ -73-5$ +#,'%#+-.'/-(-5$ )-+-$
0*,)+*>-+$ 03-.$ #5$ .-$ 0*%0#%&+-0'1%$ (#$ FGH$ #%$ #63'.'>+'*$
0*%$.-$-&,15D#+-$8$#%$.-5$0*%('0'*%#5$(#$.-$0*5&-$,#('&#:
++M%#-E

R$ 0*%&'%3-0'1%$ 5#$ -%-.'/-=$ )*+$ ,#('*$ (#$ 3%$ ,*(#.*$ ,-:

&#,M&'0*=$ .-$ #;*.30'1%$ (#.$ )I5-&=$ )I#6$ 8$ #.$ )I$ (#.$ -73-$
@;#+$F-)<&3.*$H$(#$#5&-$Q3<-$)-+-$.-5$(#!$%'0'*%#5$(#$)I5-&=$
)I#6B$-$('D#+#%&#5$%';#.#5$(#$+#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%E$K.$*>2#&';*$
#5$ '(#%&'!$0-+$ 03-.$ #5$ #.$ %';#.$ 1)&',*$ (#$ +#,'%#+-.'/-0'1%$ !"#$%&'()*+',-./$0"12'34/'567'34/'&#$&'%48"24%&/"9&3&'
63#$)+*(30#$3%$?"A$,38$)+1C',*$-$0#+*$8$0*%$3%$0*%&#%': 34'-&%"&:'34:&/&3.%&:'0.2'"2;%&3.:"!'0&0"12'34'567)
(*$#%$FGH$#%$#63'.'>+'*$0*%$#.$(#$.-$-&,15D#+-E$"#$#;-.S-$ $
&-,>'4%=$-$)-+&'+$(#$.*5$(-&*5$*>&#%'(*5=$.-$+#.-0'1%$#%&+#$#.$
0*%&#%'(*$#%$FGH$8$#.$)I$(#.$-73-E$

!!
 NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN $
!#$%&'()(*$+,-&./*$0($)1$2(.&%(21)&314&+%$

!"#$%&'()A*'+,-.$/"01'23.'E>A'23.'&#$&'%3C"13%&."K&2&'23' !"#$%&'()(*'+,-.$/"01'23'2"45"15-4'67'8'23.'9:;'23.'&#$&'
,&%"&4'234&.&2-%&4'/-1'."#3%&'4-L%32-4"!'/&/"01'23'E>A)' 234&.&2&'/-1'.&'&2"/"01'23'<&=>7?)''

(5$ <=$ V@89>=$ !#`$ 67$ C976?>=5$ 95=$ 67>@7$ :7$ N<=5?=6$ :;5:7$
7<$ 4/H$ :7$ 6=<@:=$ 76$ @5Q7>@;>$ =$ EGP$ C8$ 4/HF)G$ <;$ U97$ :=$ =$
75?75:7>$U97$5;$67$^=$:;6@!$D=:;$69!$D@75?7$4/H$M$67$^=$D;5K
69C@:;$ ?;:;$ :9>=5?7$ 7<$ N>;D76;$ :7$ >7C@57>=<@A=D@B5#$ ,;>$
?=5?;G$7<$=89=$?@75:7$=$=X6;>X7>$4/H$:7$<=$=?CB6Q7>=$^=6?=$
7U9@<@X>=>67$D;5$7<<=#$
(5$<=$V@89>=$!#H$7<$Q75BC75;$76$=<$>7T\6#$1U9]G$7<$D;5?75@:;$
75$4/H$=$<=$6=<@:=$:7$<=$>7C@57>=<@A=D@B5$76$69N7>@;>$=<$:7$
<=$=?CB6Q7>=#$,;>$?=5?;G$67$N>;:9D7$95=$N\>:@:=$:7$4/H$:7<$
=89=$^=6?=$U97$<<78=$=$7U9@<@X>=>67#$
4;CN=>=5:;$<;6$:=?;6$:7$<=6$V@89>=6$!#`$M$!#H$D;5$<;6$:7$
<=6$V@89>=6$`#"$M$`#J$:7<$4=N]?9<;$`$67$;X67>T=$U97$7<$NO$
:7$ 7U9@<@X>@;$ :7<$ =89=$ :76=<=:=$ 76?[$ =<>7:7:;>$ :7$ EG!$ C8$
4/HF)$75$<98=>$:7$EGP$C8$4/HF)$D;C;$;D9>>7$D;5$7<$=89=$
>7C@57>=<@A=:=#$
(5$ 67895:;$ <98=>$ 67$ 9?@<@AB$ 95$ =89=$ >7C@57>=<@A=:=$ D;5$
!EE$C8$-0*F)G$HH$C8$4=HIF)G$JE$C8$4=4/!F)$:7$=<D=K
<@5@:=:G$ HEL4$ M$ =$ NO$ P$ M$ 67$ Q97$ =9C75?=5:;$ 7<$ NO$ D;5$
%=R/OS$ D;5$ 7<$ !$5$ :7$ T7>$ @89=<C75?7$ <=$ 7T;<9D@B5$ :7<$
NO6=?G$NO7U$M$7<$)*&#$
(5$ <=$ V@89>=$ !#W$ 67$ ;X67>T=G$ 75$ 76?7$ D=6;G$ U97$ 7<$ NO6=?G$
NO7U$M$NO$:7<$=89=$67$D>9A=5$75$95$T=<;>$N>BY@C;$=$ZGH$
:;5:7$7<$)*&$76$D7>;$M$U97$=$76?7$NO$7<$D;5?75@:;$75$4/H$
76?[$ =<>7:7:;>$ :7$ EGP$ C8$ 4/HF)#$ )978;G$ \6?=$ 67>]=5$ <=6$
condiciones donde, en teora, esta agua permanecer estable
D;5:@D@;576$:;5:7$75$?7;>]=$76?=$=89=$N7>C=57D7>[$76?=X<7$
D;5$<=$=?CB6Q7>=G$D;567>T=5:;$=:7C[6$7<$)*&$@89=<$;$C9M$
N>BY@C;$=$D7>;#$
$

3.3.2 Simulacin matemtica de la

remineralizacin

,=>=$=5=<@A=>$C7_;>$76?7$Q75BC75;$:7$@5?7>=DD@B5$:7<$=89=$
:76=<=:=$ M$ >7C@57>=<@A=:=$ 75$ 7U9@<@X>@;$ D;5$ <=$ =?CB6Q7>=$
67$^=5$^7D^;$:;6$6@C9<=D@;576$C=?7C[?@D=6$:7<$N>;D76;$:7$
>7C@57>=<@A=D@B5#W$

(5$N>@C7>$<98=>$67$9?@<@AB$95$=89=$:76=<=:=$RHEE$C8$-0*F)a$
4,5 mg CaCO3/L;20C)
NO$b$JGHa$EG"$C8$4=HIF)a$$WG"$C8$4=4/ !
y se aumen-
a$HEL4S$M$67$=9C75K
?B$7<$NO$D;5$%=R/OS$D;5$7<$!$5$:7$:7C;6?>=>$U97$<=$Q=<?=$:7$
D=<D@;$76$95$Q=D?;>$@56=<T=X<7$U97$5;$N7>C@?7$<<78=>$=$D;567K !"#$%&' ()@*' +,-.$/"01' 23' .-4' 2"45"15-4' 67' 8' 23.' 9:;'
89@>$95$)*&$:7$D7>;$N;>$C9D^;$U97$67$=9C75?7$7<$NO# /-1'.&'&2"/"01'23'<&=>7?'&'$1'&#$&'/-1'AB'C#D9'E&AFG'
HB'C#D9'E&E>(G'ABIEG'"1"/"&.C3153'&'67'J)'
);6$ >769<?=:;6$ =N=>7D75$ 75$ <=$ V@89>=$ !#!#$ 4;C;$ N97:7$
D;CN>;X=>67G$ =$ 95=$ D;5D75?>=D@B5$ :7$ 4/H$ :7$ EGP$ C8F)G$ (5$<=$6@89@75?7$6@C9<=D@B5$67$^=5$:;6@!$D=:;$:@6?@5?=6$D=5?@K
:;5:7$7<$=89=$76?=>]=$75$7U9@<@X>@;$D;5$<=$=?CB6Q7>=G$7<$NO$ :=:76$:7$4/H$=$95$=89=$:76=<=:=$M$:7_[5:;<=$75$7U9@<@X>@;$
:7<$=89=$=<D=5A=$7<$T=<;>$=<>7:7:;>$:7$P$M$7<$)*&$N7>C=57D7$ D;5$D=<D@?=$^=6?=$U97$=<D=5A=67$7<$NO6=?$M$N;>$?=5?;$)*&$:7$
578=?@T;$=<>7:7:;>$:7$KW$=$K!#$$*7$;X67>T=$?=CX@\5$U97$7<$ D7>;#$$(5$<=$V@89>=$!#"$67$C976?>=$U97$<=$7T;<9D@B5$:7<$NOG$
NO6=?$M$7<$NO7U$5;$<<78=5$=$D>9A=>67$=95U97$7<$NO$=<D=5D7$ 4=HI$M$4/H$75$=89=6$D;5$:@6?@5?;$8>=:;$:7$>7C@57>=<@A=D@B5$
7<$T=<;>$:7$c#$(<$D>9D7$67$N>;:9D7$=$NO$d`H# M$75$7U9@<@X>@;$D;5$<=$D=<D@?=#, esto es, el LSI = 0.

!"

!#$%&'()(*$+,-&./*$0($)1$2(.&%(21)&314&+%$
*@$DN8@=C7$L<@$@5$8:B<7E:F5$G@$@L<:6:N=:D$S)*&$:;<76$7$E@=DTQ$
@6$C76D=$G@$VQ"$J;$4/?\)$S"$J;\)$@5$67$@8E767$G@$67$9:;<=7$
!#^T$8@$ED==@8AD5G@$ED5$<57$76E76:5:G7G$G@$][$J;$474/!\)Q$
<5$AH$G@$WQ?[$I$?[Q"$J;$47?_\)#$'76D=@8$L<@$ED5E<@=G75Q$
EDJD$@=7$G@$@8A@=7=Q$ED5$6D8$G@$67$9:;<=7$!#[#$
Alcalinidad (mg CaCO3/L)
$ L<@$@6$7;<7$A:@=G@$4/?#$4<75BD$J7ID=$67$8DN=@GD8:!$E7E:F5$
!"#$%&'()>+'?"7$/&0"12'34'/&'0.75.9"0"12'34'/&9'&#$&9'
0.2'3"9@"2@.9'#%&3.'34'%47"24%&/"8&0"12'A'0.2'B?C'D'E)'
3.3.3 Obtencin del pH en equilibrio con el
CO2
(5$67$9:;<=7$!#]$8@$:6<8B=7$67$=@67E:F5$@5B=@$@6$AH$G@6$7;<7$I$
@6$ED5B@5:GD$@5$4/?$A7=7$678$7;<78$=@J:5@=76:K7G78Q$7$A7=B:=$
G@$6D8$G7BD8$$=@ED;:GD8#$$16$:;<76$L<@$@5$@6$E78D$G@$678$7;<78$
G@8767G78$8@$ED5!$=J7$<57$N<@57$=@67E:F5$ED5$67$OF=J<67$G@$
-:66J758#>$SC@=$9:;$>#>Q$47A`B<6D$>T#
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!a4/?6:N=@b
$AH(c"R6D;$$
a 17C
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$VQ]>a16Eb$$$7B$>"d4$
!"#$%&'()F+'G4/&0"12'42@%4'4/'56'A'4/';<='5&%&'/&9'&#$&9'
%47"24%&/"8&3&9'94#H2'3&@.9'34/'/&I.%&@.%".'A'4/'0J/0$/.'
0.2'/&':1%7$/&'34'K"//7&29)L
,7=B:@5GD$G@$67$=@;=@8:F5$G@$67$9:;<=7$!#]$DNB@5:G7$7$A7=B:=$
G@$ 6D8$ G7BD8$ G@6$ 67ND=7BD=:D$ A<@G@$ E76E<67=8@$ L<@$ A7=7$ <5$
ED5B@5:GD$@5$4/?$G@$VQ"$J;\)$@6$AH$G@6$7;<7$=@J:5@=76:R
K7G7$@8B7=`7$76=@G@GD=$G@$WQVU$SWQ>!$8:$8@$<87$67$=@;=@8:F5$
DNB@5:G7$ED5$67$OF=J<67$G@$-:66J758T#$(8B@$@8$<5$C76D=$J<I$
E@=E75D$76$WQ?[$DNB@5:GD$ED5$@6$A=DE@G:J:@5BD$G@$8:J<67R
E:F5$B@F=:ED$G@8E=:BD$@5$@6$AP==7OD$75B@=:D=#$
NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN $
3.3.4 Evolucin del pH y del LSI de las aguas
remineralizadas segn datos de campo
(5$678$9:;<=78$!#"$7$!#>?$8@$A=@8@5B7$67$@CD6<E:F5$G@6$AH$
I$ G@6$ )*&$ A7=7$ 678$ 7;<78$ =@J:5@=76:K7G78$ A=DE@G@5B@8$ G@$
G:8B:5B78$G@8767GD=78$7;=<A7G78$ED5$@6$J:8JD$E=:B@=:D$L<@$
678$9:;<=78$!#>$I$!#?#$
)D8$G7BD8$G@$67$9:;<=7$!#"$J<@8B=75$L<@$@6$AH$G@8E:@5G@$
M78B7$@L<:6:N=7=8@$7$J@G:G7$L<@$@6$7;<7$8@$@L<:6:N=7$ED5$@6$
4/?$G@$67$7BJF8O@=7#$(6$G@8E@58D$G@$AH$@8$JP8$7E@5B<7GD$
E<75BD$ J@5D=$ @8$ 67$ =@J:5@=76:K7E:F5Q$ :#@#$ J@5D=$ GD8:!$E7R
E:F5$G@$4/?#$S,675B7$!1T#
)78$9:;<=78$!#U$I$!#>V$EDJA6@J@5B75$6D8$G7BD8$G@$67$9:;<=7$
!#"$A7=7$6D8$N:E7=ND57BD8$I$@6$)*&$=@8A@EB:C7J@5B@#$
)D8$G7BD8$G@$67$9:;<=7$!#W$J<@8B=75Q$AD=$@6$ED5B=7=:DQ$L<@$@6$
AH$78E:@5G@$E<75GD$67$=@J:5@=76:K7E:F5$@8$@XE@8:C7$Q$G7GD$
G@$4/?$J7ID=$@6$78E@58D$G@6$AH$G@8A<Y8$G@$67$=@J:5@=7R
6:K7E:F5#
)78$9:;<=78$!#>>$I$!#>?$EDJA6@J@5B75$6D8$G7BD8$G@$67$9:;<R
=7$!#W$A7=7$6D8$N:E7=ND57BD8$I$@6$)*&$=@8A@EB:C7J@5B@#$
confirman
)D8$G7BD8$G@$67$9:;<=7$!#>>$ED5! $=J7$B7JN:Y5$L<@$6D8$C7R
6D=@8$G@$@L<:6:N=:D$G@6$7;<7$=@J:5@=76:K7G7$@8BP5$76=@G@GD=$
"!Z[$J;$H4/!R\)$S]V$Z$!$J;$474/!\)T$I$@6$AH$76=@G@GD=$
G@$WQ?#$(8BD8$G7BD8$ED:5E:G@5$ED5$6D8$G7BD8$DNB@5:GD8$AD=$
8:J<67E:F5#
!"#$%&'()*+',-./$0"12'34/'56'34/'&#$&'%47"24%&/"8&3&'
34'-&%"&9'349&/&3.%&9'0.2'"2:%&3.9"!'0&0"12'34';<=)'
$
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 NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN $
!#$%&'()(*$+,-&./*$0($)1$2(.&%(21)&314&+%$
!"#$%&'()A+',-./$0"12'34/'B5'34/'&#$&'%49"24%&/":&3&'34'
-&%"&;'34;&/&3.%&;'0.2'/"#4%&';.<%43.;"!'0&0"12'34'67=)'
!"#$%&'()C+',-./$0"12'34/'567(8'34/'&#$&'%49"24%&/":&8
3&'34'-&%"&;'34;&/&3.%&;'0.2'"2D%&3.;"!'0&0"12'34'67=)'
!"#$%&'()*E+',-./$0"12'34/'>?@'34/'&#$&'%49"24%&/":&3&'
34'-&%"&;'34;&/&3.%&;'0.2'"2D%&3.;"!'0&0"12'34'67=)'
!"#$%&'()**+',-./$0"12'34/'567(8'34/'&#$&'%49"24%&/":&3&'
34'-&%"&;'34;&/&3.%&;'0.2'/"#4%&';.<%43.;"!'0&0"12'34'67=)'
!"#$%&'()*=+',-./$0"12'34/'>?@'34/'&#$&'%49"24%&/":&3&'
34' -&%"&;' 34;&/&3.%&;' 0.2' /"#4%&' ;.<%43.;"!'0&0"12' 34'
67=)'
3.3.5 Relacin entre de la alcalinidad y la
dosificacin de CO2
)5$6789:5$!#;!$7<9=>:5$<5$:?<5@7AB$?B>:?$<5$5<@5<7B7C5C$C?$9B$
5895$ :?D7B?:5<7E5C5$ F$ <5$ CG=7!$@5@7AB$ :?H9?:7C5$ C?$ 4/IJ$
5=9D7?BCG$H9?$BG$K5F$LM:C7C5$C?$4/I$C?=L9M=$C?$<5$=5<7C5$
C?<$ N5=>7CG:$ C?$ A=DG=7=$ 7BO?:=5$ F$ H9?$ <5$ ?!$@7?B@75$ ?=$ C?<$
;PPQ#$
(=>G=$C5>G=$=?$K5B$GN>?B7CG$LG:$=7D9<5@7AB$D5>?DR>7@5S$F$
L5:5$9B$5895$@GB$-0*T;UP$D8V)J$;JW$D8$45IXV)$F$IPY4#$
(=>5N<?@7?BCG$9B$LZ$GN[?>7OG$C?$UJI$F$9B$@GB>?B7CG$?B$4/I$
C?=L9M=$C?$<5$:?D7B?:5<7E5@7AB$C?$PJ\$D8$4/IV)#$
,
4GDG$K5$LGC7CG$O?:=?$5B>?:7G:D?B>?$?B$@GBC7@7GB?=$BG:]
D5<?=$, <5$ 5<@5<7B7C5C$ C?<$ L?:D?5CG$ =9?<?$ ?=>5:$ 5<:?C?CG:$
C?$ ;]I$ D8$ 454/!V)J$ LG:$ <G$ H9?$ C?L?BC7?BCG$ C?<$ LZ$ C?<$
L?:D?5CG$ <5$ CG=7=$ C?$ 4/I$ L9?C?$ ?=>5:$ ?B>:?$ ;I$ F$ IS$ D8$
4/IV)
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 NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN %
#$%&'()*)+%,-.'/0+%1)%*2%3)/'&)32*'425',&%

!"#$%&'()*(,'-./&0"12'.23%.'/&'&/0&/"2"8&8'8./'9.%;.&8?'7'/&'8?:"!'0&>
0"12'8.'CDE'9&%&'0?2:.#$"%'0?2'/.0F?:'8.'0&/0"3&'$2'&#$&'%.;"2.%&>
/"<&8&'&'9G'HIE'7'0?2'JIK';#'CDEL4)''=&3?:':";$/&8?:'&'9&%3"%'8.'$2'
&#$&'8.:&/&8&'0?2'*HJ';#'5@=L4I'*)M';#'C&ENL4'7''EJ'OC)+

3.3.6 Efecto de la temperatura en la 40C

remineralizacin 30C
20C
*C%R>7<BC%#$"!%>E<:;BC%EC%B6ECA>S9%69;B6%EC%CEACE>9>=C=%=6%<9%
10C
C7<C%A?9%=>:;>9;?:%9>T6E6:%=6%B6F>96BCE>GCA>S9%L%6E%*+'@%C%
=>:;>9;C:%;6FJ6BC;<BC:%L%JCBC%<9%:>:;6FC%CH>6B;?@%6:;?%6:@%69%
6D<>E>HB>?%A?9%EC%C;FS:U6BC$%*?:%=C;?:%VC9%:>=?%?H;69>=?:%
J?B%:>F<ECA>S9%FC;6FI;>AC!%L%:6%B6!%6B69%C%<9C%B6F>96BCE>W
GCA>S9%A?9%50M%L%E6AV?%=6%ACEA>;C$

+6%?H:6BTC%<9C%B6ECA>S9%=>B6A;C%69;B6%6E%C<F69;?%=6%CEACE>W
9>=C=%L%6E%C<F69;?%=6E%*+'$%*C%CEACE>9>=C=%D<6%:6%?H;>696%
CXC=>69=?%FI:%50M%>FJE>AC%<9%6YA6:?%=6%50M%=6:J<Z:%=6%
EC%B6F>96BCE>GCA>S9$%):;6%6YA6:?%=6%50M%:6%J>6B=6%C%EC%:CE>W
=C%=6%EC%JEC9;C%=6%B6F>96BCE>GCA>S9%C%F6=>=C%D<6%6E%C7<C%:6%
6D<>E>HBC%A?9%EC%C;FS:U6BC$%2:[@%6E%*+'%JC:C%C%:6B%J?:>;>T?$%2% !"#$%&'()*+,'-./&0"12'.23%.'./'456'7'/&'&/0&/"2"8&8'9&%&'
:<%T6G@%<9%C<F69;?%=6%;6FJ6BC;<BC%>9AB6F69;C%C89%FI:%6:;6% &#$&:'%.;"2.%&/"<&8&:'7'&'8":3"23&:'3.;9.%&3$%&:)''=&>
6U6A;?@%LC%D<6%6E%50M%=>:<6E;?%=>:F>9<L6%A?9%6E%>9AB6F69;?% 3?:':";$/&8?:)+
69%EC%;6FJ6BC;<BC$%)E%6U6A;?%=6%E?:%ACFH>?:%=6%;6FJ6BC;<BC%
69%6E%*+'%69%E?:%BC97?:%=6%;BCHC\?%69%EC:%JEC9;C:%=6:CEC=?BC:% 3.4 Conclusiones
6:%=6E%?B=69%=6%]^@"%*+'$
+6789%6:;6%6:;<=>?@%:6%A?9:>=6BC%D<6%6E%C7<C%B6F>96BCE>GC=C%
)9%EC%R>7<BC%#$"!@%J<6=6%?H:6BTCB:6%;CFH>Z9@%D<6%<9%C7<C% =6H6BI%;696B%EC:%A?9=>A>?96:%D<6%:6%JB6:69;C9%69%EC%.CHEC%
B6F>96BCE>GC=C% VC:;C% "^^% F7% 5C50#_*% =6% CEACE>9>=C=% L% C% #$"%JCBC%<9%BC97?%=6%;6FJ6BC;<BC:%69;B6%"!K5%L%MNK5$
!^K5%9?%:<J6BC%6E%TCE?B%*+'%`%^@a@%<9C%T6G%6D<>E>HBC=C%A?9%
EC%C;FS:U6BC$%2%6:;6%9>T6E%=6%B6F>96BCE>GCA>S9%E6%A?BB6:J?9W @AB4A' ()*,' 52325.)3O+.'52+% 3)50/)&1212+%
=6%<9C%A?9A69;BCA>S9%=6%!^%F7%5CMb_*$ -232% *2+% 2PQ2+% 1)+2*212+% 50&% Q&% &'()*%
,-.'/0%1)%3)/'&)32*'425',&$
ADECUADO DE REMINERALIZACIN.
)9%6:;6%J<9;?%A?9T>696%CAECBCB%D<6@%;CE%L%A?F?%VC%:>=?%>9=>W
AC=?%J?B%?;B?:%C<;?B6:M@#@%EC:%C7<C:%B6F>96BCE>GC=C:%9?%JB6W -CBIF6;B? 3C97?
A>J>;C9%UIA>EF69;6%C<9D<6%6E%*+'%CEAC9A6%TCE?B6:%=6%^@a%L%EC% Jc %d@M%]%^@"
;6FJ6BC;<BC%!^K5%:>6FJB6%D<6%Jc%9?%:<J6B6%6E%TCE?B%=6%d@!%
2Eg@%eF7%5C50#_*f Nh%]%#
=6:J<Z:%=6%EC%B6F>96BCE>GCA>S9$%):;?%6:%B6EC;>TCF69;6%:69W
A>EE?%=6%A?9:67<>B%A?9%E?:%E6AV?:%=6%ACEA>;C$%/>69;BC:%D<6% c50#W@%eF7_*f hd%]%#
9?%B6:<E;C%;C9%UIA>E%A?9%E?:%;BC;CF>69;?:%C%HC:6%=6%5Ce0cfM$% 5CMb@%eF7_* M"%]%M
(ZC:6%2JCB;C=?%N$#%=6%6:;C%P<[C$% 50M@%eF7_*f ^@a%]%^@"

*+' ]%^@"N

!"
 NIVELES ADECUADOS DE REMINERALIZACIN $
"#$%&'()(*$+,-&./*$0($)1$2(.&%(21)&314&+%$

(56789$ :;$ <=>6?@$ A9$ ;B;A6C$ DE7$ 4/F$ =;C;$ ;GD9@8;C$ :;$ ;:H
>;:6@6A;A$I$:;$AGC9J;$=9C<$KG9$9@8<@>97$9:$4/F$C9D;@9@89$
79CE$95>976L<$=;C;$978;C$9@$9KG6:6MC6<$><@$:;$;8D?7N9C;$I$79$
=9CA9CE$9@$;:OG@;7$P<C;7$P;>69@A<$7GM6C$9:$=Q$I$<M89@69@A<$
A9$978;$N<CD;$G@$)*&$=<7686L<#$$
$
(:$9N9>8<$A9$:<7$>;DM6<7$A9$89D=9C;8GC;$9@$9:$)*&$9@$:<7$
C;@O<7$ A9$ 8C;M;R<$ 9@$ :;7$ =:;@8;7$ A97;:;A<C;7$ 97$ A9:$ <CA9@$
A9$STUV$)*&#

(@$DG>P;7$C9A97$A9$A678C6MG>6?@$79$C9KG69C9@$L;:<C97$A9$)*&$
9@8C9$ $ WTUV$ I$ WTUX$ ><@$ 9:$ !$@$ A9$ =C<89O9C$ :;7$ 6@78;:;>6<@97#$
(78<$79$><@76OG9$;GD9@8;@A<$:6O9C;D9@89$9:$=Q$A97=GY7$A9:$
=<78C;8;D69@8<$A9$>;:>68;$><@$:;$;A6>6?@$A9$%;Z/Q[$ZFH!$DO$
%;/Q\)[#$(@$:;7$6@78;:;>6<@97$><@$4;Z/Q[F$79$><@76OG9$=<C$
D9A6<$G@;$:6O9C;$7<MC9A<76!$>;>6?@$A9$4;Z/Q[F#$(@$;:OG@;7$
<>;76<@97$:6D68;>6<@97$8Y>@6>;7$9@$9:$><@8C<:$A9$:;$A<76!$>;H
>6?@$95;>8;$A9$4;Z/Q[F$=G9A9$O9@9C;C$G@$6@>C9D9@8<$A9$:;$
8GCM6A9J$=<C$9@>6D;$A9$V$%-]#

3.5 Referencias

V#$ -&)).1%*U$^#$1%0$Q(]_)(&%U$/#$$&@L9786O;86<@$<N$
8P9$4;CM<@$06<56A9$`P6>P$188;>a7$4;:>6GD$4;CM<@;89$
6@$%;8GC;:$`;89C7#$b97G@AP#$&@O#$Zb9C#[U$"XcddeU$VeVF#
F#$ f('&%$21gg(2-hU$*>;:6@O$6@$O9<8P9CD;:$P9;8$=GD=$
7I789D7#$b9<HQ9;8$49@89CU$bQ4$_G::986@U$.;C>P$FTTT
"#$ 2/_(2-$2#$41'1%/$i$*>C;@8<@$177<>6;897U$&@><CH
=<C;89AU$*;8GC;86<@U$*8;M6:68I$;@A$*>;:6@O$&@A6>97U$4<H
CC<76<@$ZFTTX[$,;=9C$%<#$TXTd"$9@$jjj#@;>9#<CO$
!#$ `1-(2H,2/$ *>P<88$ *<N8j;C9U$ ,GM:6>;A<$ =<C$
4P9D*`kU$&@>#$P88=c\\jjj#>P9D7j#><D
X#$ ^1.(*$ %#$ _]-)(2U$ b#$ ZFTT"[#$ &<@6>$ (KG6:6MC6GDc$
*<:GM6:68I$ ;@A$ =Q$ >;:>G:;86<@7U$ VeelU$ ^<P@$ `6:9I$ m$
*<@7$&@>#

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4. CLCULO INDIRECTO DEL LSI Y DEL SAR DEL AGUA
REMINERALIZADA A PARTIR DE LOS DATOS DE CE25 Y PH ANTES Y
DESPUS DE LA REMINERALIZACIN
4.1 Introduccin
#$%&'&()*)&+,&-./-($&,.&,%&0$1234%)&56&,%&789&+,&($%(4%$&$&
1$:3-:&/,&%)+&;$%):,+&/,&%$&()./4(3-;-/$/&,%<(3:-($&=0>5"?&)&
%)+&+@%-/)+&3)3$%,+&/-+4,%3)+6&,%&($%(-)6&%$&$%($%-.-/$/6&,%&1A&
'&%$&3,*1,:$34:$B
& %$K):$3):-)&1$:$&,+3-*$:&,%&;$%):&/,&%$&:$F@.&0>5"]Z%[B
>.&%$&1:C(3-($6&%$&0>5"6&,%&1A&'&%$&3,*1,:$34:$&+,&+4,%,.&*,/-:&
,.&().3-.4)&,.&%$&*$'):2$&/,&%$+&/,+$%$/):$B&D)&$+2&,%&($%(-)&
/$/)&E4,&:,E4-,:,&/,&4.$&+)./$&,+1,(2!&($&'&*C+&()+3)+$B&&7$&
$%($%-.-/$/6&1):&+4&1$:3,6&.)&+,&14,/,&$.$%-F$:&,.&().3-.4)&'$&
E4,&.)&,G-+3,.&,E4-1)+&()*,:(-$%,+&E4,&%)&1,:*-3$.B
>.&$%H4.$+&/,+$%$/):$+&+,&I$.&()%)($/)&*,/-/):,+&/,&($:J
K).)&-.):HC.-()&3)3$%6&%)&E4,&14,/,&+,:&()::,%$(-).$/)&().&
%$&$%($%-.-/$/6&1,:)&+).&,E4-1)+&($:)+&1):&%)&E4,&+4&-*1%$.J
3$(-@.&,+&%-*-3$/$B&
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1,:*-3$&,+3-*$:&().&(-,:3$&1:,(-+-@.&,%&$4*,.3)&/,&%$&$%($%-J
.-/$/&'&/4:,F$&E4,&+,&I$&%)H:$/)&().&%$&:,*-.,:$%-F$(-@.B&
>.& ,%& ($+)& /,& %$& :,*-.,:$%-F$(-@.& 3:$/-(-).$%6& 3$%& (4$%& +,&
1%$.3,$&,.&,+3$&L42$6&%$+&:,$((-).,+&-*1%-($/$+&+).M&
0$0NO&P&0N5&P&A5N&&0$5P&P&5A0NOJ& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&QRS
A5N
0$=NA?5&P&5&0N5&&0$5P&P&5A0NOJ&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Q5S
& \H5P6&0$5P&'&8N!5J&+,&($%(4%$:).&+,HX.&&\H5P&Y&R6a&G&`Pb&
Se deduce a partir de
>+&,;-/,.3,&$&1$:3-:&/,&,+3$+&,(4$(-).,+&E4,&,%&-.(:,*,.3)&
/,&%$&()./4(3-;-/$/&,%<(3:-($&1:)/4(-/)&1):&%$&:,*-.,:$%-F$J
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el
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K-($:K).$3)+&'&/,&($%(-)B&
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/,&%$&$%($%-.-/$/&.)&,+&,%&*-+*)&,.&4.&$H4$&/,+$%$/$&().&
K$T$& ()./4(3-;-/$/6& -B,& K$T)& ().3,.-/)& ,.& (%):4:)& +@/-()6&
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+,:&3,.-/)&,.&(4,.3$B&
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U):&3$.3)6&$%&+,:&$+26&:,+4%3$&T4+3-!&($/)&-.;,+3-H$:&%$&:,%$J
(-@.& ,.3:,& %)+& -.(:,*,.3)+& /,& 0>5"& Y& 0>5"=:?& J& 0>5"=)?& '&
/,&Z%[&Y&Z%[=:?&J&Z%[=)?6&().&,%&!&.&/,&1)/,:&,G3:$1)%$:&%)+&
;$%):,+&/,&$%($%-.-/$/&/,%&$H4$&:,*-.,:$%-F$/$B&
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/-+3-.3$+&/,+$%$/):$+&$+2&()*)&$&(C%(4%)+&3,@:-()+&K$+$/)+&
&!B&0f70g7N&9Dh9i>0#N&h>7&789&j&h>7&8Zi
,.&%$&$1):3$(-@.&/,&($/$&-).&$&%$&()./4(3-;-/$/&/,%&$H4$&'&
+,HX.&+,&14K%-($.&,.&,%&83$./$:/&\,3I)/+BR
4.2 Materiales y mtodos
>.&1:-*,:&%4H$:&+,&I$.&43-%-F$/)&/$3)+&:,$%,+&$.$%-F$/)+&,.&,%&
U):&)3:)&%$/)6&+,&I$&)K3,.-/)&,%&;$%):&/,%&()(-,.3,&43-%-F$.J
/)6& ,.& 1:-*,:& %4H$:6& 4.& *)/,%)& /,& :,*-.,:$%-F$(-@.& ().&
($%(-3$5& ().& /-+3-.3)+& .-;,%,+& /,& /)+-!&($(-@.& /,& 0N5& '& ,.&
+,H4./)&%4H$:&($%(4%$./)&%$&0>5"&/,%&$H4$&:,*-.,:$%-F$/$&
$& 1$:3-:& /,%& *<3)/)& /,& $1):3$(-@.& -@.-($& 14K%-($/)& ,.& ,%&
83$./$:/&\,3I)/+BR
4.3 Resultados
se presentan los resultados
>.&%$&^-H4:$&!BR&+,&-.(%4',.&%)+&:,+4%3$/)+&/,&%)+&(C%(4%)+&
/,&0>5"]Z%[6&)K3,.-/)+&$&1$:3-:&/,&%)+&/$3)+&:,$%,+&/,&3:,+&
/,+$%$/):$+6&'&1):&*,/-)&/,%&(C%(4%)&/,&%$&$1):3$(-@.&-@.-($&
$&%$&0>5"&1$:$&3:,+&$H4$+&:,*-.,:$%-F$/$+&321-($+&1,:)&().&
.-;,%,+&/,&0>5"&(:,(-,.3,B&
U$:$&%$&+-*4%$(-@.&/,&%$&($%-/$/&/,%&$H4$&:,*-.,:$%-F$/$&+,&
I$&().+-/,:$/)&E4,&,%&$H4$&$%($.F$&4.&789&-H4$%&$&(,:)&$&
1$:3-:&/,&4.&1,:*,$/)&().&4.&1A&/,&_65&'&/)./,&%)+&;$%)J
:,+&/,&D$6&`&'&0%&;$:2$.&1:)1):(-).$%*,.3,&+,HX.&%$&0>5"&
+-H4-,./)& %$+& :,%$(-).,+& /,& %$& ^-H4:$& RB5B& 7)+& ;$%):,+& /,&
0$5P&Y&\H5P]R6c&'&8N!5J&Y&d6e&G&`PB&
7$& #$K%$& !BR& -%4+3:$& %$& ()*1)+-(-@.& /,& 1$:3-/$& /,& ,+3$+&
$H4$+&/,+$%$/$+B&Z&1$:3-:&/,&$I2&+,&I$&/)+-!&($/)&5d6&5c&'&
O"& *H& 0N5]7& '& +,& I$& ($%(4%$/)& %$& ()*1)+-(-@.& /,%& $H4$&
:,*-.,:$%-F$/$&1):&+-*4%$(-@.&*$3,*C3-($5B&>%&;$%):&/,&%$&
0>5"&3,@:-()&/,%&$H4$&:,*-.,:$%-F$/$&+,&I$&($%(4%$/)&+,HX.&
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1$:$&%)+&3:,+&.-;,%,+&/,&0>M&Odd6&"dd&'&cdd&8](*6&$14.J
3$.&$&4.$&(%$:$&:,/4((-@.&/,%&()(-,.3,&0>5"]Z%[&().&4.&
-.(:,*,.3)& /,& %$& ()./4(3-;-/$/B& 0)*)& 14,/,& )K+,:;$:+,&
3$*K-<.&,.&%$&^-H4:$&!BR&,+3,&,W,(3)&+,&()::,+1)./,6&$4.E4,&
/,&W):*$&K$+3$.3,&/-W4+$6&().&%)+&/$3)+&)K3,.-/)+&/,&/-+3-.J
3$+&/,+$%$/):$+B&
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;$%):& /,%& ()(-,.3,& 0>5"]Z%[& +,& I$& $*1%-$/)& ,%& ,+34/-)&
3,@:-()&1$:$&)K3,.,:&%$&:,%$(-@.&,.3:,&%$&0>5"&/,%&1,:*,$/)&
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cociente CE25/Alk 64A>4<;6@<;$84D45E$><4F4<4564A4564E$34<$69A;8;3$45$=G54;#$.5$
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4.4 Conclusiones
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1,6 (o bien la frmula [3] de laKIFig.

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5. TCNICAS PARA LA REMINERALIZACIN DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS

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Figura 5.1: Aspectos del equilibrio CO2 <=>

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calidad de la calcita
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5.2.3 Efecto de la temperatura
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9:$76C7E;6#$.6$JEK?>6$!#L$EC?B;>6$:B;:$9:B7:AB@$=6>6$?A$C:7I@$
9:$76C7E;6$7@A$MNOP$<EA$9:$/Q'%$H$6$D:C@7E969$6B7:ABE@A6C$
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9:$MNOL$<RI#$.@B$96;@B$9:<?:B;>6A$:A$S?:$<:9E96$:C$:AT>E6F
minutos, el pH, y por consiguiente la remineralizacin alcan-
<E:A;@$9:C$C:7I@$A@$=:><E;EG$6C76AU6>$:C$>:<EA:>6CEU67EGA$
zada, desciende linearmente con la temperatura.
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5.2.4.Prdida de carga del lecho y fluidizacin
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la velocidad ascensional y la perdida decarga
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para un lecho de calcita de 1 - 3 mm de dimetro de par-
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tculas.
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5.2.5. La calidad de la calcita
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partculas de 2-4 mm.
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conseguir un LSI positivo
necesario
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2 0,5
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5.2.7 Configuracin de los lechos de calcita

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5.2.8 Dosificacin de CO2

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:;?:;@8@D:D%D7%QM#%<G%(:(E"%>7%97VB@797%B8:%DA>@!%?:?@J8%
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/:%DA>@!%?:?@J8%D7%(EF%YB8?@A8:%N@78%?A8%@8K7??@J8%D@97?=:%
=BN79L:%?A8%"%BOA%D7>?78D78=7$%/:%P7;A?@D:D%D7;%:GB:%78%;:%
=BN79L:%D7%@8K7??@J8%D7N7%<:8=7879>7%78%ZMZ[%\%ZMZF%<X>%
Figura
!"#$%&'5.13:
()*+,'Planta de 12/13'
-.&/0&' lechos de43'calcita
".$40%&'donde se ilustra13'
.&' %352#"1&' C:9:%:>L%7P@=:9%7;%:99:>=97%D7%;:>%NB9NBO:>$%/:%C97>@J8%D@Y7I
de forma
&#$&4' esquemtica la8'
%36"/3%&."7&1&4' recuperacin de aguas
3.' 5"%5$"02' 13' turbias13'
%3"/8355"9/' 978?@:;%78=97%7;%:GB:%K%;:%D7;%G:>%D7N7%>79%D7;%A9D78%ZMF#%
de los contralavados.
&#$&4'0$%:"&4) N:97>$%68:%<:KA9%C97>@J8%D@Y7978?@:;%@8?97<78=:%7;%=:<:]A%
D7%;:>%NB9NBO:>%D78=9A%D7;%:GB:$%0;%=@7<CA%D7%?A8=:?=A%78=97%
7;%CB8=A%D7%@8K7??@J8%K%;:%78=9:D:%:%;A>%;7?^A>%D7%?:;?@=:%>7%
CB7D7%97DB?@9%^:>=:%B8A>%#%>7GB8DA>%>@7<C97%VB7%>7%97>C7I
=78%;:>%?A8D@?@A87>%:8=79@A97>$

!"#$%&' ()*;,' <355"9/' 0%&/4=3%4&.' 13' .&4' 53.1&4' 13'
5&.5"0&'13'!'$>2'&453/13/03'8'&.0$%&'52/40&/03'12/13'43'
".$40%&'.&'&."63/0&5"9/'8'.&'%352#"1&'13'&#$&4'0$%:"&4'8'
%36"/3%&."7&1&4
)A%>7%97?A<@78D:%;:%DA>@!%?:?@J8%D7%(EF%78%=BN79L:%^A9@I
HA8=:;% D:DA% VB7% ;:>% NB9NBO:>% =@78D78% :% >BN@9% 9_C@D:<78=7%
:% ;:% C:97D% >BC79@A9% K% :P:8H:9% :99:>=9:D:>% ?A8% 7;% :GB:$% /:%
?A;A?:?@J8% D7% B8% <7H?;:DA9% 78% ;:% DA>@!%?:?@J8% ^A9@HA8=:;%
@<C;@?:%B8:%C`9D@D:%D7%?:9G:%K%8A%>7%^:8%CAD@DA%78?A8=9:9%
D:=A>%7aC79@<78=:;7>%VB7%OB>=@!%VB78%7>=:%>A;B?@J8$%/:%DA>@I
!%?:?@J8%D7%C:9=7%D7;%?:BD:;%:%<:KA9%C97>@J8%SFI!%N:97>T%7>%
7879G`=@?:<78=7%?A>=A>:%CA9%;A%VB7%7>%CA?A%Y97?B78=7%78%;:>%
D7>:;:DA9:>$%+D7<_>% @<C;@?:% C`9D@D:% D7% (EF% :;% ?A8=:?=A%
?A8%;:%:=<J>Y79:$%
5.3 Remineralizacin con Ca(OH)2 + CO2

0;%:CA9=7%D7%DB97H:%K%:;?:;@8@D:D%>7%97:;@H:%78%7;%:GB:%D7>:I
;:D:%>7GR8%;:%97:??@J8b%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%
cFE
Fd%
(:SEcTF%d%F(EF%%(: d%FSc(E"IT%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%eFf

(A<A%>7%<B7>=9:%78%;:%U@GB9:%#$Q!%;:%97>CB7>=:%D7;%:GB:%D7>:I
;:D:%:%;:%DA>@!%?:?@J8%D7%(:SEcTF%7>%C9_?=@?:<78=7%@8<7D@:=:$

,@8%7<N:9GAM%?A8%B8%:B<78=A%78%7;%?A8=78@DA%78%(EF%D7;%
:GB:%;:%?B9P:%P:%C79D@78DA%C78D@78=7M%C79<@=@78DA%B8:%DAI
>@!%?:?@J8%<_>%C97?@>:$%&`8G:>7%78%?B78=:%VB7%;:%C97?@>@J8%
VB7% >7% ?A8>@GB7% ?A8% 7>=7% >@>=7<:% 7>% D7;% A9D78% D7% \F% <G%
(:(E"X/$%08%?B:;VB@79%?:>AM%>7%=9:=:%D7%B8%C9A?7>A%D@YL?@;%
D7%?A8=9A;:9$

!"#$%&' ()*(,' ?"40&' 13' .&' 72/&' 13' 5&%#&' 13' .24' 4".24' 13' /:%U@GB9:%#$Q[%@;B>=9:%;A>%?A<CA878=7>%D7%B8:%@8>=:;:?@J8%
5&.5"0&' 13' $/&' @.&/0&' 13' 5&.5"0&' 13' !'$>2' &453/13/03' 8' =LC@?:%D7%DA>@!%?:?@J8%D7%;7?^:D:%D7%?:;%K%(EF$%(A<A%CB7D7%
&.0$%&'52/40&/03) P79>7%.7;%
El(E
COF2% >7%
se inyecta
@8K7?=:%en algunos casos
D@97?=:<78=7% antes
:8=7>% D7%de;:%la;7?^:D:%
lecha-
da de cal y en el propio depsito de agua tratada. El tiempo
D7%?:;%K%78%7;%C9AC@A%D7CJ>@=A%D7%:GB:%C9ADB?=A$%0;%=@7<CA%
de contacto en el depsito suele%?@78=7%C:9:%G:9:8=@H:9%B8:%
D7%?A8=:?=A%78%7;%D7CJ>@=A%7>%>B! ser suficiente para garanti-
zar una reaccin completa aunque, a veces, surgen proble-
97:??@J8%?A<C;7=:$
mas de turbiedad.
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8;B$97$IL9>!$8;$7@$NA@8>M@$I7$B;$'/O"$I7$B;$B78H;I;#$.;$'/O"$
79$ 7@$ 79:L9$ 8;9L9$ A@$ <7PLG$ >@I>8;:>6L$ I7$ B;$ 8;B>I;I$ I7$ B;$
IL9>!$8;8>M@$QA7$7B$FR#$

.;$B78H;I;$97$FG7F;G;$7@$A@$8L@87@:G;ILG$H;9:;$A@$$<ST><L$
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67BL8>I;I$;987@8>L@;B$7@$7B$I78;@:;ILG$I7=7$97G$I7B$LGI7@$
I7$[Z\$<]H$D$B;$;B:AG;$I7B$<>9<L$I7Z$;B$<7@L9Z$^Z"$<#$

.;$_>KAG;$"#[\$<A79:G;$A@;$NL:L$I7$A@;$>@9:;B;8>M@$:>FL$I7$
G7<>@7G;B>C;8>M@$;$=;97$I7$B78H;I;$I7$8;B#

*+,-./%&'01)%234/5+67%378.3%4/%9:;+!%5/5+67%93%</=>?@A%
B% 34% /-C378:% 934% D?% D/./% /,-/;% 93;/4/9/;% 5:7% 8.3;%
7+E343;%93%5:7837+9:%37%<>A'%"9/D8/9:%93%F-8;5GC/77%
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97G>L9$I7=>IL$;$B;$:7@I7@8>;$I7$?9:;$;$;=9LG=7G$;KA;$D$;$;IE
H7G>G97$;$B;9$F;G7I79$D$B;9$F;B;9$I7$;K>:;8>M@$I7B$9>BL#$
,LG$ :;@:LZ$ 79$ ><FLG:;@:7$ <;@:7@7G$ B;$ HA<7I;I$ I7@:GL$ I7B$
9>BL$BL$<S9$=;P;$FL9>=B7$D$G7IA8>G$BL9$F7GJLIL9$7@:G7$G78;GE
K;9$F;G;$N;8>B>:;G$B;$G7@L6;8>M@#[!$

.;$I>N7G7@8>;$NA@I;<7@:;BZ$7@$:7<;9$I7$8L9:79Z$8L@$7B$FGLE
879L$I7$G7<>@7G;B>C;8>M@$FLG$!$B:G;8>M@$FLG$B78HL$I7$8;B8>:;$
79$QA7$7B$FGL879L$8L@$';WXRYO$G7QA>7G7$7B$IL=B7$I7$'XOZ$
;I7<S9$I7$NG78A7@:79$G78;GK;9$D$8L@:GLB$I7$B;9$L=9:GA88>LE
@79$FLG$FG78>F>:;8>M@$I7$8;G=L@;:L$8SB8>8L#

5.3.1 Calidad del Ca(OH)2

*F;G:7$I7B$87G:>!$8;IL$F;G;$A9L$7@$;=;9:78><>7@:LZ$B;$8;B$I7E
Figura 5.17: Esquema de una instalacin de preparacin
*+,-./%&'0J)%K;L-3C/%93%-7/%+7;8/4/5+67%93%.3C+73./M =7GS$:7@7G$B;$8L<FL9>8>M@$QA7$97$>@I>8;$7@$B;$%;=B;$"#^
de lechada de cal.
4+N/5+67%5:7%D.3D/./5+67%93%435G/9/%93%5/4%B%93%9:;+!%M
5/5+67%93%<>A'% !"#$"%&'()%%-/'X0/(3*')X($,*-*$'*.)3*3$3/$
.*$'*.$W';WXRYOY$#$`*.X-/+$/($V$/($,/+X$+/'X#
CO2
,;GS<7:GL `;BLG$G78L<7@I;IL

->QA7C;$ a!EabV
Ca(OH)2 4G;@ABL<7:GJ;c adZ$<

';WXRYO$9LBA=B7$ e$\bV$7@$F79L

-79>IAL$>@7G:7$ f[dV$7@$F79L

';'X^$ e$"V$7@$F79L

*G9?@>8L f$^$V$7@$F79L

';I<>L f$[$V$7@$F79L
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(JQA7B f$O$V$7@$F79L

*+,-./%&'0O)%P4/78/%93%8./8/C+378:%5:7%</=>?@A%B%<>A'% ,BL<L f$"$V$7@$F79L

*@:><L@>L f$[$V$7@$F79L
/@$;BKA@L9$8;9L9$B;$IL9>!$8;8>M@$I7$'XO$97$H;87$I79FA?9$I7$
+7B7@>L f$[$V$7@$F79L
B;$IL9>!$8;8>M@$I7$B;$B78H;I;$I7$8;B#$
37@9>I;I$;$KG;@7B$ f$dZ!$:]<^

/@$L:GL9Z$B;$IL9>!$8;8>M@$97$H;87$I>G78:;<7@:7$7@$:A=7GJ;#$*$

!"
 #$%&'()*(+,%-+.+%/+%.01*)0.+/*2+(*3)%40%/+,%+56+,%40,+/+4+,

5.4 Conclusiones 7$% 1+)60/% +4.80.% *5/0,*+,% 9% :8,0-% (81+%

0>% JI=>EHEH% BC% >JH% Zq?IE?JH% BC% GCSEICGJ>EpJ?EOI% BCS@CHZGJ%
D@C%ZJIZA%>J%Zq?IE?J%BC%>C?bAH%BC%?J>?EZJ%?ASA%BC%>C?bJBJ%
BC%?J>%ZECICI%@I%J>ZA%IEkC>%BC%BCHJGGA>>A$%0>%SCIAG%?AIH@SA%
BC%(8e%N%>J%SCIAG%?ASg>CrEBJB%BC>%gGA?CHA%Jg@IZJI%J%D@C%
>AH% >C?bAH% BC% ?J>?EZJ% HAI% @IJ% Zq?IE?J% S=H% CHZJF>C% gJGJ% >J%
GCSEICGJ>EpJ?EOI%BC%>JH%JP@JH%BCHJ>JBJH%D@C%>J%BAHE#%?J?EOI%
?AI%>C?bJBJ%BC%?J>$%
/J%BAHE#%?J?EOI%BC%(8e%[@I?EAIJ%FECI%?AI%EINC??EOI%BEGC?ZJ%
en tubera con%@rA%BCH?CIBCIZC$%/J%kC>A?EBJB%BC>%JP@J%CI%>J%
Z@FCGQJ%?AI%! flujo descendente.La velocidad del agua en la
Z@FCGQJ%BC%EINC??EOI%BCFC%SJIZCICGHC%CI%W<W"%s%W<We%SjH%
gJGJ%JHQ%CkEZJG%C>%JGGJHZGC%BC%>JH%F@GF@rJH$%/J%gGCHEOI%BE[CK
GCI?EJ>%CIZGC%C>%JP@J%N%>J%BC>%PJH%BCFC%HCG%BC>%AGBCI%W<e#%
FJGCH$%6IJ%SJNAG%gGCHEOI%BE[CGCI?EJ>%EI?GCSCIZJ%C>%ZJSJtA%
a la salida del difusor. El tiempo de contacto
BC%>J%F@GF@rJ$%0>%ZECSgA%BC%?AIZJ?ZA%CIZGC%C>%g@IZA%BC%EIK
entre el punto de inyeccin de la solucin sobresaturada de
NC??EOI%N%>J%CIZGJBJ%J%>AH%>C?bAH%BC%?J>?EZJ%HC%g@CBC%GCB@?EG%
CO 2 y la entrada a los lechos de calcita se puede reducir has-
bJHZJ%@IAH%#%HCP@IBAH%HECSgGC%D@C%HC%GCHgCZCI%>JH%?AIBEK
ta unos 5 segundos, siempre que se respeten las condiciones
?EAICH%JIZCGEAGCH$%
de diseo apuntadas. En cualquier caso, no se recomienda
nunca la dosificacin del CO2 directamente %?J?EOI%BC%(8
0I%?@J>D@ECG%?JHA<%IA%HC%GC?ASECIBJ%>J%BAHE# en tubera hori-e%
CI%Z@FCGQJ%bAGEpAIZJ>$
zontal.
/AH%BCH?CIHAH%BC%ZCSgCGJZ@GJ%bJ?CI%BEHSEI@EG%>J%kC>A?EBJB%
BC% >JH% GCJ??EAICH% D@C% EIZCGkECICI% CI% >J% GCSEICGJ>EpJ?EOI$%
0I%C>%?JHA%BC%>AH%>C?bAH%BC%?J>?EZJ<%C>%ZECSgA%BC%?AIZJ?ZA%
gJGJ% J>?JIpJG% @IJ% GCSEICGJ>EpJ?EOI% JBC?@JBJ% J@SCIZJ% BC%
UW%J%Ud%SEI@ZAH%?@JIBA%>J%ZCSgCGJZ@GJ%BC>%JP@J%BCH?ECIBC%
BC%eVu(%J%Udu($%
5.5 Referencias
,+/;+),<%(=>?@>A%BC%CD@E>EFGEAH%CI%HA>@?EAICH%J?@AK
HJH%L*M%N%L**M<%-@F>E?J?EOI%*IPCIECGQJ%R@QSE?J<%%0ICGA%N%
TCFGCGA%U77V$
UW$% X$%/64Y*5%+)4%1$%X0&,(X0/<%&GCJZSCIZ%A[%4EHZEK
>>JZCH%JIB%-CGSCJZCH%[GAS%,CJ%YJZCG%4CHJ>EIJZEAI%->JIZH%
ZA%1J\C%-AZJF>C%YJZCG<%4CHJ>EIJZEAI%:A@GIJ><%>7V]
UU$% -0..9^,%(X01*(+/%0)5*)00.,%X+)4_88`<%
,EaZb% 0B$<% 1?5GJcKXE>>% _AA\>% (A$% .AFCGZ% X$% -CGGN<%
4AI%5GCCI<%U7Vd
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U7VU
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4$%,?bGACBCG<%U7V#<%+BBEHAIKYCH>CN%0B$
Ud$% Y+&0.K-.8% ,?bAZZ% ,A[ZcJGC<% -@F>E?JBA% gAG%
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GEA%BC>%+P@J<%SJGpA%eWWd$%*,_)i%VdK!W7KWd#!K]$
UV$% 4GEI&C?%?AIZJ?ZAG%ZJI\%BCHEPI%JIB%AgCGJZEAI<%CI%ccc$%
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!"

6. PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA TOMA DE MUESTRAS, CONSERVACIN Y
ANLISIS DE LAS AGUAS DESALADAS Y REMINERALIZADAS
6.1 Introduccin
#$%$&'()$%*$+,('-,'./'-,0$,1('%*'-,0$,2-)2-3-,3%4$&-',*3$%$%,
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$((2+,1$C/$D2-,5')732-,$%,$(,52%*$%302,$%,>?E,F'5$%,4'&3'&,
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6.2 Material
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6.3 La toma de muestra
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0$,(',72*$(('A
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6.4 Conservacin de la muestra
Z, Q%, 5'-2, 0$, '%'(3W'&-$, $%, $(, )2)$%*2, 2, $%, )$%2-, 0$, :,
F2&'+,1&25/&'&,52%-$&4'&,-3$)1&$,(',72*$((','(.2,)S-,G&I',
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Z, Q%, $(, 5'-2, 0$, C/$, ('-, )/$-*&'-, 0$7'%, '()'5$%'&-$, 1'&',
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1$&'*/&','(.2,3%G$&32&,',(',0$(,1$&)$'02A,
6.5 Etiquetado de la muestra
Z, B2%$&, $%, (', $*3C/$*'+, (/.'&+, G$5F'+, F2&', 6, 27-$&4'532%$-,
$-1$5I!,5'-,52)2,)$030'-,!"#$!%&,0$,*$)1$&'*/&'+,>QEL,6,
1=A,
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/%,1&2*252(2,0$,5'0$%',0$,5/-*203'A
6.6 Procedimiento de anlisis en el laboratorio
Z,X'5'&,(',72*$((',0$,(',%$4$&',6,0$8'&(','*$)1$&'&,$(,*3$)12,
%$5$-'&32,1'&',C/$,C/$0$,'1&2V3)'0')$%*$,',(',*$)1$&';
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/%,1'&,0$,4$5$-,-2(')$%*$A,
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-$&,12-37($+,$,3%*&20/53&,03&$5*')$%*$,(',-2%0',0$,1=A,
Z,H.3*'&,)/6,-/'4$)$%*$,(',-2%0',2,(',72*$((',/%'-,],T,L,
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6.7 Recomendaciones a tener en cuenta
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6.7 Referencias
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 #!$#%&'()*+

7. SOBRE LAS MEZCLAS DE AGUAS REMINERALIZADAS CON AGUAS

DESALADAS

7.1 Introduccin

,-./0.12.3.12.# 4.# 5-6561.# 78# 9:.8# :.# 3.;/78-# 8<084# :.=

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/61#8<084#/61291.1287.4$#
Figura 7.2: Relacin entre la alcalinidad medida y calcu-
7.2 Materiales y mtodos lada para las mezclas de agua de la MCT utilizando
!"#$%&'()@+',-.&/"01'.&'&./&."1"5&5'4-5"5&'6'/&./$.&5&'7&%&'
Water-Pro.
.&8'4-9/.&8'5-'&#$&8'5-'.&':;<'$2"."9&153'=&2-%>?%3)
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7.3 Resultados de la validacin de programas

de simulacin de mezclas

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Figura 7.3: Relacin entre el pH medido y calculado para

!"#$%&'()A+',-.&/"01'-.'7B'4-5"53'6'/&./$.&53'7&%&'.&8'
las mezclas de agua de la MCT utilizando Water-Pro.
4-9/.&8'5-'&#$&8'5-'.&':;<'$2"."9&153'=&2-%>?%3)

#!"#$%&'()*+',-.&/"01'-12%-'-.'/&./"3'4-5"53'6'/&./$.&53'7&%&'
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7.5 Estudio de la mezcla de agua desalada y

remineralizada
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A01.$!#D$;1-5-46.$935$875835$2.635$2-$L318.$A1>!$/.#$
Figura 7.6: Valor del LSI segn el porcentaje de agua
!"#$%&'()*+',-.&/"01'-12%-'-.'34%/-12&5-'6-'&#$&'6-7&.&8
desalada aadida a un agua remineralizada con 60 mg
6&'&9&6"6&'&.'&#$&'%-:"1-%&.";&6&'6-'*<':#'=&=> @A'
?
CaCO3/L de alcalinidad.
6-'&./&."1"6&6)
En caso de querer aumentar el porcentaje de mezcla de
agua no remineralizada es necesario aumentar la dosis de
CO2 y por tanto el grado de remineralizacin. Esto implica
tambin un mayor contenido de CO2 despus de la mecla
que debe eliminarse aireando o con la adicin de Na(OH).

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7.6 Estudio de la mezcla de agua desalada y

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portadaBil(ConLomo)OK.pdf
25/8/10
12:07:19

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