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INDIVIDUAL Sugar Lab Writeup

TITLE The Effect of Mass on Density in a Sucrose Solution (Sugar dissolved in water)
For most labs: Reference the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable
Example: The effect of indicators on various biological molecules

2. ABSTRACT
Sugar is a sweet edible component that is small, solid, white, and is a carbohydrate. When sugar is placed in heated water, it
dissolves and mixes into the water, making it sweeter. The procedures are as following: Gather beakers, label them for each
mixture of sugar and water, measure the different masses of sugar by weighing on the scale, dissolve the sugar in measured mass
of water by gently swirling it, apply heat to dissolve the sugar, swirl the water to make sure it is completely dissolved, do not
overheat, make sure all solutions are the same temperature, measure a beaker of room temperature water with Vernier probe,
liquid will expand from the molecules making them move faster, add a drop of die of a different color to each solution(gently
swirl if after), and finally drip 20 milliliters of each solution down the side of the cylinder. A lot of my results came out in
decimal form and some of them came out as whole numbers. In conclusion, after completing my lab I see that sugar will dissolve
in hot water. You need the right measurements and to weigh it correctly if you want your results to come out exact.

3. INTRODUCTION
Sugar is the generic name for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. There are various types of sugar
derived from different sources. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
sugar dissolves in water especially in hot water, for example when sugar is placed inside tea or coffee. Sugar is sweet, edible,
and there are different types of it. Sugar is a carbohydrate. Its appearance is white, small, solid, and crystal.

Citation(s):
- https://www.britannica.com/topic/sugar-chemical-compound

Observations
- Sugar is edible. Its appearance is white and looks like its broken down into tiny pieces. It smells sweet and is a solid
component. Sugar looks a lot like salt and if you dont taste it first the two may be confused.

4. QUESTION & HYPOTHESIS

What happens to sugar when it is placed in hot water?
If sugar is into hot water, then it will dissolve because the heat is dissolving the sugar until it disappears.

5. MATERIALS (list):

4 - 250 mL Beakers Disposable dropper

Beaker tongs 100 mL Graduated cylinder

Scale Food dye - 4 colors

Hotplate 400 mLs Distilled water

Temperature probe with computer 120 grams Table Sugar (Sucrose)

Spoon

6. PROCEDURE (list):
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1. Label beakers for each mixture of sugar and water:

a. 60 (most sugar), 40 (middle amount), 20 (least amount), water alone
b. Water 100 grams (100 milliliters)
2. Measure different masses of sugar by weighing on the scale.
a. SCALE PROCEDURE
i. Have scale ready to measure.
ii. Place beaker on scale and tare to zero.
iii. Add mass of sugar slowly to equal mass listed in the data table as closely as
you can in one minute or two. Record all masses in the table each time
something is added.
iv. Add the volume of water listed from a measured graduated cylinder and record
the mass.
v. Repeat for each labeled beaker.
3. Dissolve sugar in measured mass of water by gently swirling. This makes what is called an
aqueous solution.
4. Apply heat if need to dissolve the sugar to form a solution in each labeled beaker.
5. Gently swirl the solution to completely dissolve the sucrose.
6. Some heat will be necessary to fully dissolve the sugar.
7. Do not overheat or this will change the density.
8. All solutions must be the same temperature.
9. Measure a beaker of room temperature water with a Vernier probe.
10. Heat can change density because the liquid may expand from the molecules moving faster.
This would increase the volume of the liquid.
11. Once all of your solutions are to room temperature add a drop of die of a different color to
each solution. Gently swirl to mix.
12. Into a 100 milliliter glass graduated cylinder, using a dropper and, carefully drip 20 milliliters of
each solution slowly down the side of the cylinder.
13. Starting with solution 4, then 3, then 2, and last with water to form a density column.

7. RESULTS: (data table, graph and 2 sentences):

Data Table: Record the data in table form (with labeled columns). Include the units (cm, km, etc.)

TARE TARGET MEASURED VOLUME OF MASS OF DENSITY OF

BEAKER MASS MASS OF WATER SUGAR + SOLUTION
MASS IN OF SUGAR IN In milliliters WATER IN You calculate
GRAMS SUGAR GRAMS GRAMS MASS/VOLUME

112.2 60 60 100 159 1.59 cm^3

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111.2 40 40 100 137.7 1.377 cm^3

118.5 20 20 100 117.8 1.178 cm^3

0 100 99.3 .993 cm^3

Graph:

Pattern Statement: The pattern of this chart shows that it decreases for every single one. It is decreasing by
approximately 2 or 3 units each.
Evidence: The evidence proving this graph is decreasing shows when you count down the units. For example, if you
compare the first bar with the second bar, it starts from approximately 1.5 and decreases to approximately 1.3.

8. CONCLUSION:
My hypothesis was that the sugar would dissolve in the heated water. My data supports my hypothesis, and my hypothesis was
accepted because the sugar ended up dissolving, however in order to make it dissolve more rapidly I had to mix it. Two sources
that could have affected my results were that, when I placed the sugar and water onto the heater, it may have not dissolved
completely, which could have changed my results. The second error that I could have possibly made is that, when measuring the
sugar the weight may have not been exact. If I didnt get the exact weight then it would definitely affect my results. My results
are most likely exact, and if they are not exact then they are at least accurate, therefore I am confident about my results. I believe
I collected enough data because at the end of it all I had all the results needed and was able to absorb all the information I needed
to know. It is possible that I could have made errors, but mostly I doubt I did because I doubled checked twice in order to make
sure my answers were exact. I compared my lab results to other groups and most of their results did not come out the same as
mine.
My concluding inference is that as long as the water is heated, sugar will always dissolve in it. Not everyone will have the same
results as you. The water needs to be at a certain heat because if it is not hot enough it will not dissolve. The way you perform
your lab will have an affect on your results. My findings are scientifically interesting because it has a lot to do with chemical
and physical reactions. I think a lot of people would like to know how their sugar dissolves.

9. CITATIONS:
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/348315/why-does-sugar-dissolve-faster-in-hot-water-compared-to-cold-water