Houses and Placement of Houses

Three houses types:

Single-family - refers to a dwelling (house) on a property designed to be occupied by only one

family

Two-family - a property designed to be occupied by only two family

Multiple-family - This housing is designed for many families to live on the property where each
family only has exclusive use of the portion of the property that they are leasing or own (for
example, apartments, condominiums, lofts, and co-ops).

Streets
Street Pattern one of the most important elements in establishing the neighborhood character
of residential community. Streets connect the private with the public domain and also link
different parts of a neighborhood. These linkages support social interaction and exchange both
vital functions. Street design contributes significantly to the quality and character of a
community since appropriately designed streets create safe, quiet and healthy environments,
particularly for children.

Hierarchy of Street types - an urban planning technique for laying out road networks that
exclude automobile through-traffic from developed areas. It is conceived as a hierarchy of
roads that embeds the link importance of each road type in the network topology. Street
hierarchy restricts or eliminates direct connections between certain types of links, for example
residential streets and arterial roads, and allows connections between similar order streets (e.g.
arterial to arterial) or between street types that are separated by one level in the hierarchy (e.g.
arterial to highway and collector to arterial.)

Sidewalks and Pedestrian Ways

Sidewalk located at least one side of the roads or a path along the side of the road.

Pedestrian a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running.

Circulation System - a schematic empirical projection/model of how pedestrians and/or vehicles

flow through a given area and used by city planners and other officials to manage and monitor
traffic and pedestrian patterns in such a way that they might discover how to make future
improvements to the system.

Mixed Use Development

The term mixed use development refers to development projects that comprise a mixture of land
uses, or more than just a single use. In terms of planning permissions, mixed use refers to land or
buildings used for different uses which fall into more than one use class.
Mixed use developments can be vertical, in which a single building accommodates multiple uses,
such as a skyscraper that has floors of office space as well as a hotel complex, or a terrace
building that has a flat on the first floor and a shop on the ground floor.
Alternatively, they can be horizontal mixed use development where a range of different buildings
on the same site each fulfill a specific purpose, such as a community area that has
accommodation as well as playing facilities, shops, parking and other amenities.

Residential - is a land use in which housing predominates. It is a real estate development for
residential purposes. Some such developments are called a subdivision, when the land is divided
into lots with houses constructed on each lot.

Commercial - are areas, districts, or neighborhoods primarily composed

of commercial buildings, such as a downtown, central business district, financial district, Main
Street, commercial strip, or shopping center. Commercial activity within cities includes the
buying and selling of goods and services in retail businesses, wholesale buying and
selling, financial establishments, and a wide variety of uses that are broadly classified as
business. It is a real estate intended for use by for-profit businesses, such as office complexes,
shopping malls, service stations and restaurants.

Cultural - cultural properties that represent the combined works of nature and of man.

Institutional - Institutional land uses are mostly associated with land that is occupied by public
buildings such as schools, universities, government office buildings, art galleries, and museums.

Industrial uses - is the use of a piece of land for industrial purposes such as manufacturing.
Normally heavy industrial uses are where large pieces of land are required and pollution is likely
to be high. Light industrial uses which may include smaller, cleaner industries like small
processing plants. Industries are normally placed away from urban residential areas.
Six Benefits of mixed use development

greater housing variety and density, more affordable housing (smaller units), life-cycle
housing (starter homes to larger homes to senior housing)
reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and other amenities and
destinations
better access to fresh, healthy foods (as food retail and farmers markets can be accessed on
foot/bike or by transit)
more compact development, land-use synergy (e.g. residents provide customers for retail
which provide amenities for residents)
stronger neighborhood character, sense of place
walkable, bike-able neighborhoods, increased accessibility via transit, both resulting in
reduced transportation costs

Contemporary Type of Mixed Use

commercial zoning convenience goods and services, such as convenience stores, permitted
in otherwise strictly residential areas
residential/commercial two to three-story buildings with residential units above and
commercial units on the ground floor facing the street
Urban residential/commercial multi-story residential buildings with commercial and civic
uses on ground floor
Office convenience office buildings with small retail and service uses oriented to the office
workers
Office/residential multi-family residential units within office building(s)
Shopping mall conversion residential and/or office units added (adjacent) to an existing
standalone shopping mall
Retail district retrofit retrofitting of a suburban retail area to a more village-like appearance
and mix of uses
Live/work residents can operate small businesses on the ground floor of the building where
they live
Studio/light industrial residents may operate studios or small workshops in the building
where they live
Hotel/residence mix hotel space and high-end multi-family residential
Parking structure with ground-floor retail with ground floor retail
Single-family detached home district with standalone shopping center -