Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
0 Background
g
2.0 MelakaWorldHeritageCity
3.0 Management
40
4.0 Challanges
5.0 MelakaToday
6.0 Conclusion
1.HISTORICAL: Thecityshistoricalsignificanceasa
colonial trading port where occurred the
colonialtradingportwhereoccurredthe
convergenceofcivilizationsandcultures.
Significanceasahistoricaltradingport
Significance as a historical trading port
Ameltingpotofculturesandinfluences
Townofmigrates
E l M l k (P t
EarlyMelaka(Portugueseperiod)
i d) Pl
Planshowingpositionofoldfortification
h i iti f ld f tifi ti
Tr a c i n g U r b a n M o r p h o l o g y
(1916) G e o r g e To w n
FurtherReclamation(1969)
TheOldMelaka
SURROUNDING
DEVELOPMENT
PRESSURES
FURTHERLAND
RECLAIMATION
RECLAIMATION
Melakanow(imagetakenin2009)
2.ARCHITECTURAL: Theresultantdevelopmentofuniquearchitectural
typesthatcorrespondstopolitical,cultural,
geographicalandclimaticinfluences.
Shophouse asanoutstandingexampleofabuildingtype
Godowns,Jettysheds,Warehouses,Merchanthouses
Religiousbuildings
Colonialbuildings
Colonial buildings
Mansions(MalayanBungalow,ChineseCourtyard
Houses)
3.URBAN: Anurbanitythatreflectsthecoexistenceandadaptationof
variousmultiethniccommunitiesandtheirrespective
economicactivities
FiveFootways
Streetcharacter
H k ll d ff h
Hawkerstallsandcoffeeshops
Informalmarkets
Historicalcommercialcentre
4.CULTURAL:Thecontinuityofauniqueculturaltraditionthatstemsfrom
4.CULTURAL: The continuity of a unique cultural tradition that stems from
centuriesofmulticulturaltraditions
Tradeandcrafts
ReligiousPluralism
Interethnicassimilation(mixedraces)
Multicultural
Localcuisine
Language,Customs
AU T H E N T I C I T YA N D C U LT U R A L H E R I TAG E
I N TA N G I B L E TA N G I B L E
ClockTower@
DutchSquare
JalanTunTan
Jalan Tun Tan
ChengLock
HeeranStreet
T R AC I N G EVO LU T I O N O F T H E C I T Y
Jalan
Jalan
Laksamana
Riverside
Road
Jonker
Street
T R AC I N G EVO LU T I O N O F T H E C I T Y
JalanTukang
Jalan Tukang
Besi
GoldSmith
Street
Melaka
Rivermouth
KAMPUNG KAMPUNG
CHETTI MORTEN
2.41ha 4.86
86ha
ha
On7July2008,MelakawasinscribedbyUNESCOasaWorldHeritageSite.
BUKITCINA
MelakaandGeorgeTown:HistoricCitiesofTheStraitsofMalacca
(BUFFERZONE)
BUFFERZONE 42.93ha
134.03ha
h
COREZONE
38.62ha
BUKIT
SENJUANG
(ST.JOHN)
6 54ha
6.54ha
KAMPUNG
PORTUGIS
CoreZone:38.62ha 16.86ha
B ff Z
BufferZone:176.96ha
h
TotalArea(coreandbuffer):215.58ha
Jonker
Walk
Tourist
Information
Centre
Stadhuys
Melaka
ea a
River
St. Paul
Hill
Melaka
Bastion Sultanate
House Palace
17
Jonker
Street
Tun Tan
Cheng Lock Harmony
Cheng
Street Street
Hoon Teng
Temple
JONKER
18 WALK
T H E O U T STA N D I N G U N I V E R S A LVA LU E
The context of historical cities inhabited byy an multicultural societies that
have been brought about by the slow transgression of external influences
starting from the early 1400s all the way through to present context. It
exhibits gradual growth of current Malaysian Urban society of cultural
di
diversities
iti in
i the
th historic
hi t i town.
t
( ) exhibitanimportant
(ii) hb i
interchangeofhuman The
values,overa Portuguese
Legacy
spanoftimeorwithina
p
culturalareaoftheworld,on
developmentsin
architecture ortechnology,
monumental arts
monumentalarts, The
townplanning orlandscape Dutch
Legacy
design
The
British
Legacy
(iii) bearauniqueoratleastexceptional
testimonytoaculturaltradition ortoa
civilizationwhichisliving orwhichhas
disappeared
(iv) beanoutstandingexampleofa
type of building or architectural or
typeofbuildingorarchitectural or
technologicalensemble or
landscapewhich
illustrates(a)significantstage(s)in
h
humanhistory
hi t
Jurisdiction
d
BetweenFederalgovernment,
stategovernmentandlocalauthorities
TheCentralGovernmentexclusivelyinchargeinexternalaffairs(foreign
affairs),suchastheDiplomaticties,consular,extraditionofoffenders,passport,
visas,etc.
Thecentralgovernmentcontrolallofthenationalsecurities,internalaffairs,
civilandcriminallaws.
Publicexpenditureandthepublicdebtisonthecentralgovernment.
Allofthenationalpoliciesweretobemadebythecentralgovernmentandthe
implementationtocentralgovernmentpoliciesweredistributedaccordingly
implementation to central government policies were distributed accordingly
amongthestateandgovernmentagencies.
Thecentralgovernmentwerealsoinchargeofthepubliceducationand
medical via nationwide
medicalvianation wide.
S t a te G ove r n m e n t
Thechiefminister'sdepartmentistheadministrativepillarofthestate
government,andisresponsiblefortheoveralladministrationofthestate,as
t di ibl f th ll d i i t ti f th t t
wellasitspoliticalinterest.
Thestategovernmentwereelectedeveryfiveyears,appointmayors,president
and all councilors
andallcouncilors.
Theappointsareforthreeyears,butindividualsmayreappointed.
Thedecisionmakingprocessisthroughacommitteestructuredeterminedby
the local authority including the committees provided for in legislation
thelocalauthority,includingthecommitteesprovidedforinlegislation.
Thestategovernmentalsosetremuneration.
Stategovernmentestablishedexecutivecommittees,whicharechairedbythe
mayor or president
mayororpresident
L o c a l Au t h o r i t y
TheenforcementoflocalgovernmentAct1976establishedtwo
divisionoflocalgovernment:
Municipality
RuralArea
R lA
Act171underTheConstitutionmanyagenciesestablishedand
chargewiththeroleoflocalcouncil.
I t t l th
IntotaltherearecurrentlyfourtypeofLocalGovernmentsin
tl f t fL lG t i
Malaysia:
City calledCityHallorCityCouncil(eg.KualaLumpurCityHall)
Municipality calledMunicipalCouncil(eg.Ampang
Municipality called Municipal Council (eg Ampang Jaya
Jaya
MunicipalityCouncil)
Ruralarea calledDistrictCouncil
Special and modified local authority calledCorporation,
Specialandmodifiedlocalauthority called Corporation
DevelopmentBoard,DevelopmentAuthorityorsimplyLocal
Authority.
MunicipalCitycanbeupgradedtocitiesoncetheyacquiredcertain
p y pg y q
criteria
L o c a l Au t h o r i t y ( co n t d )
Citiesareledbymayorsandthemunicipalitiesanddistrictsareledby
president.
id t
ExecutivepowerlieswithintheMayorintheCityCouncils,andpresidentsin
themunicipalanddistrictcouncils.
The ere appointed b their State Go ernment on either a part time or f ll
TheywereappointedbytheirStateGovernmentoneitheraparttimeorfull
timebasis
Councilcanestablishothergeneralorspecificcommitteesattheirdiscretion.
Local Government is responsible for public health and sanitation waste
LocalGovernmentisresponsibleforpublichealthandsanitation,waste
removalandmanagement,townplanning,environmentalprotectionand
buildingcontrol,socialandeconomicdevelopmentandgeneralmaintenance
functionsofurbaninfrastructureintheirareaofadministration.
a)Legislation
1. NationalHeritageAct2005(Act265)
2 Conservation
2. ConservationandPreservationofCulturalHeritage
and Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Enactment1988(Amendment2008)
3. Town
TownPlanningAct1976(Act172)
Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)
StructurePlan
LocalPlan
SpecialAreaPlan
p
4. ConservationAreaActionPlan,MelakaHistoricCityCouncil2002
5. UniformBuildingByLaws
6. Street,BuildingandDrainageAct
Traditionalbuiltlandscapeandmulticulturalmeaningofspace
g
Centreforreligious andcultural activities andfestivals
IntangibleHeritage
Strength
Livingmulticulturalpopulation
Li i lti lt l l ti
Largestock ofprewarshophouses
Economicbaseremains relativelyintact
Centreoffinancial activity(GT)
Culturaltourism
Trafficcongestion
Lackpedestrianconnections
Lack pedestrian connections
Needforpublic openspaces
Weakness
Urbanregeneration
Supportingarts
Supporting arts andculture
and culture
Theshophouse asmodelforsustainablebuilding
Conservationpractice: encouragebestpracticeand
portu
capacity building
capacitybuilding
Culturaltourism
Opp
Incompatibledevelopments
Largenumbersofdilapidated
b f d l d d andvacant
d properties
Noncomplianceandenforcement capability/capacity
Threats
Displacementoftraditionalcommunitiesandgentrification
Decliningtraditionaltradesandactivity
Pollution
Masstourismandvisitormanagement
Conflict ofconservation/heritagewithlifestylechanges
Ownershipbyforeigners
S o l u t i o n / O u tco m etot h e C h a l l e n ge s
Throughourstrengths,webeingreferencetoother
citiesinmanagementofWorldHeritageSitewiththe
multiculturalcommunityandtherichnessofthebuilt
heritagewhichwasstillexist.
Wemanagetoovercometheweaknessandthreatsas
below:
1. ReducethetrafficcongestionbybuilttheCoastalHighwayas
an alternative road
analternativeroad
2. ProposedTramandAerorailtotheWorldHeritageSite
3. ProposedtheRiverTaxiandPark&RideatSpiceGarden
4. 30milliongrantfromMinistryofInformation,Communication
g y ,
andCultureforUrbanBeautificationprojectwhichprovidethe
pedestrianwalkwayalongthestreet
5. Awarenessprogramforcommunityforpreservationofheritage
6. GrantfromFederalGovernmentonupgradingtheinfrastructure
andutilities
7. Signagecontrolandallapplicationhavetogetapprovalfrom
conservationdepartmentbyfollowingheritagebuilding
guideline
guideline
8. Trainingforstakeholdersandcontractorwhoinvolvedin
conservationandpreservationofheritage
i d i fh i
9 N
9. NewtourismdestinationforvisitormanagementintheWorld
i d i i f ii i h W ld
HeritageSite
10. MelakaStateImplementtheSmokeFreeZoneforEnvironment
QualityControl
11. MelakaisnowdeclaredasDevelopStatein2010,the
unemploymentratecomparedeachyearis2.1%in2007,1.1%
in 2008 and 2 6% in 2009 It is still below the 5 8% of OECDs
in2008and2.6%in2009.Itisstillbelowthe5.8%ofOECDs
(OrganisationforEconomicCoOperationandDevelopment).
12. a) FundingfromFederalDepartment
MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment
MelakaRiverBeautificationProject(20032010)
Phase1 RM91.2million
Phase2 RM49.95million
Phase3 RM93.0million
Phase4 RM90.4million
MinistryofHousingandLocalGovernment
InfrastructureupgradingProject(2008 2010)
Cost:RM4million
MinistryofInformation,ComunicationandCulture
UrbanBeautificationProject(2009 2012)
AwarenessProgram
BuildingConservationProject
ld
Cost:RM30million
MinistryofTourism
y
UrbanBeautificationProject(2008 2010)
RM10million
b) FundingfromFederalGovernmentunder
10th MalaysiaPlanBudget
M l i Pl B d
MinistryofTourism
HangTuah,TheMalayWarriorVillage
Cost:RM135million
C RM 135 illi
MinistryofTourism
Cablecar(2km)
( )
Cost:RM49million
MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment
ExtensionofMelakaRiverRehabilitationand
Extension of Melaka River Rehabilitation and
BeautificationProject(4.5KM)
Cost:RM150million1st rollingstock
Totalcost:RM500million
MinistryofTourism
2nd PhaseMonorailProject(1.6km)
Cost:RM13million
c) FundingfromStateGovernment
ii) MelakaStateGovernment
MelakaConservationandPreservationTrust
establishedunderMelakaConservationandPreservation
bli h d d M l k C i dP i
ofCulturalHeritageEnactment1988(Amendment1993)
forbuildingconservationandawarenessprogram
RM1millionallocatedeachyear
y
iii) LocalAuthority
MelakaHistoricCityCouncil
Melaka Historic City Council
InfrastructureUpgradingProject(20082010)
Cost:RM30million
Me l a k aa sa D e ve l o p e d S t a teI n d i c a to r s
a sa t 2 0 O c to b e r 2 0 1 0
NO INDICATOR ACHIVEMENTS
Melaka Malaysia
1 GDPPerCapita(PPPUS$CurrentPrices) 15,578.0 14,015.3
2 AccesstoWater(%ofpopulation) 100.0 100.0
3 AccesstoElectricity(%ofpopulation) 100.0 100.0
4 AccesstoTelephone+Mobile (per1,000 1,332.1 1,028.0
people)
MelakaRiver
l k
TheView
QueenVictoria
Fountain
MelakaRiverCruise
TheRuinofStPauls
Church
h h TheMiddelburgBastion
TheView
MelakaSultanatePalace
WorldHeritageSite
MelakaRiver
TheView
MalayVillage Kampung
StJohnFort Morten
Proclaimation ofIndependence
MelakaPlenetarium MiddelburgBastion
Recreation
Melaka
M l k TamingSari
International Observation
BowlingCentre Tower
(MIBC)
Melaka
Trishaw
DuckTour
Recreation
MiniMalaysia&MiniAsean
The best place to witness and learn apart from
about the unique cultures of people beingg a
from Malaysia and ASEAN.
perfect place
to rest and
relax after a
tiring day,
da is
also a perfect
place to soak
in the sights
and sounds of
the locals.
Recreation The grounds
feature pools and
50,000
, plants,
p , with
fountains leading
to the council
building.
1. O
1 Orna Golf
G lf Resort.
R t
2. A Famosa Golf Resort.
3. Ayer Keroh Country Club.
4. Tiara Melaka Golf & Cuntry Club.
MelakaGo
MelakaGoKart
Shopping
HotelInformation
EquatorialHotel(Rate:)
RenaissanceHotel(Rate:)
HolidayInnHotel (Rate:)
MajesticHotel(Rate:
MajesticHotel(Rate:)
)
CityBayviewHotel(Rate:)
AvillionLegacyHotel(Rate:)
g y ( )
CasaDelRioHotel
(Rate:)
TouristArrival(2008 2010)
CATEGORY
2008 2009 2010
OF TOURIST
(Jan-Oct) (Jan-Oct) (Jan-Oct)
/ YEAR
TOTAL 53
5.3 66
6.6 78
7.8
DOMESTIC 4.4 5.4 6.1
MILLIONS
7.8
8
6.6
7
6 5.3
5 2008
4
2009
3
2
2010
1
0 YEAR
2008 2009 2010
57
57 COPY RIGHT MELAKA STATE GOVERNMENT
1. AwardasasustainableCityin2008 2010fromMinistry
ofHousingandLocalGovernment
2. GoldAward:TheMalaysianInternationalLandscape&
GardenFestival2008DepartmentofNationalLandscape
3. InscriptionasaWorldHeritageSitein2008byUnited
NationofEducation,ScientificandCulturalOrganization
4 MSISOCertificateRecognition9001:2008byUKAS2009
4. MS ISO Certificate Recognition 9001:2008 by UKAS 2009
5. NationalIQNETRecognition2009bySIRIM
6. AppointedasaBoardofDirectorofOrganizationof
WorldHeritageCitiesin20092011
7. LocalAuthorities4StarsRatingSystemRecognition(SSR
PBT)2009byMinistryofHousingandLocalGovernment
8. Chi
8 ChiefMinisterQualityAward2009.
f Mi i Q li A d 2009
9. EternalCityAward:MelakaRiverManagement
SpecialAward2009fromMinistryofNatural
ResourcesandEnvironment
10. NationalAwardofCheerfulLanguageinconjunction
g g y
withlanguagemonth2010fromMinistryof
Education
11. AwardofExcellence5starRating:Malaysia
Government Portals and Website Assessment 2010
GovernmentPortalsandWebsiteAssessment2010
(MDEC)2010fromMinistryofHousingandLocal
Government
INTRODUCTIONOFOWHC
Internationalnonprofit,nongovernmentalorganizationwithin
citiesthathasbeeninscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.
Foundedin1993:
FavortheimplementationoftheUNESCOWorldHeritage
Convention.
Convention
Encourageonbothregionalandinternationallevels,cooperation
andtheexchangeofinformationandexpertiseamonghistoric
cities on matters of conservation and management in close
citiesonmattersofconservationandmanagementinclose
collaborationwithotherorganizationspursuingsimilargoals.
Promotepublicawarenesstoheritagevaluesandtheirprotection.
Fosterasenseofsolidarityamongitsmembercities.
Foster a sense of solidarity among its member cities.
OWHCorganizesWorldCongresses,regional
conferences,seminarsandworkshopsdealingwith
conferences, seminars and workshops dealing with
thechallengestobefacedintherealmof
managementaswellasstrategiespertainingtothe
i dd l f hi i ii
preservationanddevelopmentofhistoriccities.
GOALS
OWHC has followed the example of the UNESCO
OWHChasfollowedtheexampleoftheUNESCO
WorldHeritageCommitteewhichoutlinedinits
Budapest Declaration(2002) :
BudapestDeclaration(2002):
1)StrategicObjectives
1) Strategic Objectives
2)TheoriginallyfourandNowfiveCs
Credibilityy
Conservation
Capacitybuilding
Communicationand
Communities
MISSION
TheOWHChassetitselffivestrategicdirections
topursueitsmission:
1)Collectingexperiences
2)Capitalizingonknowhow
) i li i k h
3)Consolidatingheritageenhancement
4) C t ti i t it
4)Constructingintercitypartnerships
t hi
5)Contributingtotheinternationaldebate
ROLESOFOWHC
Providedavitallinkbetweenthecitiesofeachregion
andtheGeneralSecretariatinQuebecCity.
Facilitatetheimplementationofprogramsand
projectsoftheOWHC,adjustingthemtothecultural
j f h dj i h h l l
requirementsofeachregion.
Activitiesinitiatedbytheregions,especiallythe
RegionalConferencesheldeverytwoyearsbetween
g y y
WorldCongresses,whichcanbetterrelatetothe
needsofthosecitiesthatsharecultural,linguisticor
geographic affinities
geographicaffinities.
Whataretheotherbenefitstomember
cities
2) Mayors&Heritage:
Interviews
Mayorsaregivenaplatformto
express their opinions
expresstheiropinions
throughouttheworld
3)TheJeanPaulLAllier
3) Th J P l LAlli HeritagePrize
H i Pi
Awarded by the OWHC