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Assessment usage energetic potential from renewable

sources

Ale Folvarn/Stanislav Mik/Tom umbera/Ladislav Slva


VB-Technical University of Ostrava
17. listopadu 15
708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
ales.folvarcny@vsb.cz

AbstractThe article discusses the possibility of usefulness It offers the only possibility of reconstruction of hydro
of the energy potential of renewable energy. It focuses power plants over 50 years, especially the use of advanced
primarily on wind and solar energy, for which there is a turbine designs. Another option is the construction of small
great recently boom. The main part of the contribution is hydro power plants of less than 10mW, which can be fostered
the identification and analysis of the theoretical potential in an environment of weakening hydrological conditions,
share of the total power from renewable energy sources in especially for flows with small heads. The greatest potential of
networks selected member countries of the European water resource is in Hungary, Ireland, Poland, the Netherlands,
Union. The last part of the contribution is to analyze the Belgium, Denmark, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Lithuania and
Estonia.
reliability of electricity supply from renewable sources,
determine the coefficient of usability and power balance
B. Tidal power
for a specific location in the Czech Republic.
Tidal power uses the periodic tidal power, and thus
Keywords- potential; renewable sources; wind energy; indirectly the kinetic energy of the Earth.
solar energy; biomass; hydropower; geothermal energy Construction of tidal power can be realized only in some
coastal areas where there is a big difference between inflows
I. INTRODUCTION and outflows. Currently, however, points to their negative
Currently, there is a large air pollution greenhouse gases, effects, especially in defending the natural water flow and
especially CO2, which produce fossil fuel fired power plants. transport of rocks, then defeat the migration biosphere.
The primary objective of the environment and reducing
greenhouse gas emissions is to find an alternative energy
source that is environmentally friendly. As one alternative
among the renewable energy group, which are able to produce
so-called clean energy. These are mainly solar and wind
energy, hydropower, geothermal energy on the combustion of
biomass.
The article analyzes the usefulness of renewable energy
sources (RES). Furthermore, the share of electricity production
in selected EU countries and further development of RES.

II. ANALYSIS OF THE USEFULNESS OF


RENEWABLE
This section deals with the possibility of usefulness of
renewable energy in Europe.

A. Potential of water resource


Potential water source of energy is largely exhausted
already built hydroelectric. Construction of new hydropower
involves high costs and problems with a purchase of land and
disputes about the threat environment in which the dam would
be built. Figure 1. Hydroenergy potential in Europe [3]

This contribution was prepared in the framework of research project


SP2012/53.

978-1-4577-1829-8/12/$26.00 2012 IEEE


C. Biomass
Biomass is defined as a substance phytologic origin, which
is obtained as a result of productive activity or as waste from
agriculture, food and forest production. [1]
Biomass is the most involved of all renewable energy
sources in electricity production and can be a long time to
accumulate.
The energy terms can gain energy from biomass
thermochemical conversion almost exclusively, thus burning.
Biomass is burned directly by type, or are burned liquid or
gaseous products of its processing.
Figure 2 shows the productive forest area in relation to the
total land area. The figure shows that the most productive area
is located in the UK, Ireland, Denmark, Hungary, Moldova,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Turkey.

Figure 3. Solar energy in Europe [3]

E. Wind Energy
Wind energy, like solar energy available in every part of
our planet. The greatest potential use of wind energy is located
in seaside areas, Figure 4, where they built the so-called
offshore wind farms. Wind energy is also an unstable energy
sources. However, there are a significant step change in
performance (for VTE with frequency converters), as is the
case with solar power. An important factor influencing the
location and type of wind turbine is the wind speed at the
planned construction of wind power station.

Figure 2. Bioenergy in Europe [3]

D. Solar Energy
Solar energy is considered a clean energy source that is
available in every part of our planet. Intensity distribution of
incident solar radiation at Earth's surface is shown in Figure 3.
The map shows that the greatest potential for using solar
energy is closer to the equator toward the poles and decreases
the intensity of solar radiation.
The downside of this renewable energy source is the
instability of supply of electricity, large fluctuations in power
supply and a complete shutdown at night. Despite these major
problems in solar power the fastest growing renewable energy
source.

Figure 4. Wind energy in Europe [3]


F. Geothermal Energy B. Austria
Geothermal energy is a manifestation of heat the Earth's Austria has of selected countries share of RES in the gross
core, which stems from the decay of radioactive substances and consumption in 2010 of 48.5%. There from significantly in the
the effect of tidal forces. However, it may not always be the proportion of biomass and 13.7%.
RES, because some of the geothermal resources are exhaustible Other energy
in tens of years. 51,5%
Solar power
The greatest potential use of geothermal energy is in plant
Iceland and in Italy, Greece and Turkey. 1,4%

Biomass
14%

Geothermal
energy
0,1% Wind energy
Hydropower 15%
18%

Figure 7. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption

C. Germany
In Germany, renewable energy contributed in 2010 to
52,6% of gross electricity consumption. The largest share is in
wind energy 23%.
Geothermal
energy Other energy
0,1% 47,4%
Wind energy
23%
Figure 5. Geothermal energy in Europe [3]

III. THE SHARE OF RENEWABLES IN TOTAL


COMSUMPTION OF SELECTED EU COUNTRIES IN 2010
Biomass Hydropower
Chapter deals with the share of renewables in gross 6,5% Solar power plant 4%
electricity consumption. Data available on the Web are
19%
updated only till 2010. Currently the share is due to huge
support and use of renewable energy sources higher than in the Figure 8. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption
mentioned year. [4]
D. Poland
A. Denmark
Renewable energy sources (RES) are involved in the Dane
Poland in the selected countries had a share of RES in the
in 2010, 55.5% of gross electricity consumption. The largest
gross consumption in 2010 and 27,1%. The largest share is in
proportion of biomass and 15%. Denmark is before of a high
proportion of wind power (30%) of gross electricity wind energy.
consumption.
Other energy
Geothermal Other energy 72,9%
energy 44,5%
0,1% Geothermal
energy
Biomass 0,1%
15%
Biomass
Hydropower 5%
0,3% Solar power plant
Solar power plant Wind energy 0,1% Wind energy Hydropower
0,1% 30% 12% 10%
Figure 6. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption Figure 9. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption
E. France H. Czech Republic
In France, in 2010 the share of RES was on 47,1% of gross Czech Republic in 2010 had the worst share of RES in
electricity consumption. gross electricity consumption and 39%.
Geothermal Other energy Geothermal
energy Other energy
52,9% energy 61%
0,1% 0%

Wind energy
25% Solar power
plant
15%

Biomass Hydropower Biomass


Hydropower
6,5% Solar power plant 10% Wind energy 5%
12%
4% 6%
Figure 10. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption Figure 13. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption

F. Slovakia
Slovakia is in the rankings, just above the Czech Republic
with 40.2% share of RES in gross electricity consumption in Share of renewables in gross inland energy consumption
2010.

Other energy
60,8%

Solar power plant


3%

Biomass
4% Geothermal Wind energy
energy Hydropower 0,1%
0,1% 18,8%
Figure 11. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption Figure 14. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption

G. Switzerland
Switzerland has in year 2010 the share of RES in gross
electricity consumption of 31.9%. The largest share of RES is IV. POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN
in hydropower plants (15%). THE CZECH REPUBLIC
This chapter examines the exploitable potential of
Other energy renewable energy sources in Czech Republic and energetics
68,1% development.
Geothermal
energy A. Energetic state in Czech Republic
1%
Total installed capacity in the Czech Republic was the year
2010 18 724.19 MW. The largest share of installed capacity in
the steam power and to 10 685.16 MW.

Hydropower Wind energy


15% Biomass 0,1%
Solar power plant
3% 12,8%
Figure 12. Share of renewables in groos isla energy consumption
In renewable energy, which includes hydro, wind and solar The expected growth of the PV system for 2011 at the
power is an installed capacity of 3381.36 MW. request of authorized.
SLE
PE 0,22%
52,51%
JE
21,21%

PSE
PPE VE PVE 1,85%
3,21% 6% 15%

Figure 15. Energic state in Czech Republic


MW
Explanation: PE - steam power plant; PPE - Combined Figure 17. Solar energy energy in Czech Republic
cycle power plant; VE - hydroelectric power station; PVE -
hydroelectric power plant; PSE - gas and combustion power
plant; JE - Nuclear power plant; VTE -wind power; SLE -
Solar power
C. Wind energy in the Czech Republic
B. Solar energy in the Czech Republic The total installed wind power (VTE) system in the Czech
Currently is in the electrical system in Czech Republic Republic is to 31.12.2011 to 217 MW. Wind power stations in
installed capacity of Czech Republic in solar power stations 2011 produced 397 GWh of electricity.
(FVE) to 31.12.2009 411 MW, to January 31, 2010 increased Suitable locations for the exhibition of VTE are in the
the installed capacity of 1727 MW. For 2009, the PV system Highlands, Moravia-Silesia region and the region of Carlsbad.
produced 88.8 GWh of electricity.
On the map shown in Figure 16, is the distribution of
intensity of solar radiation on the territory of the Czech
Republic. The most suitable area for the location of the PV is in
South Moravia and Central Bohemia.

Figure 18. Wind energy in Czech republic [2]

V. CONCLUSION
Exploitable potential of RES in the Republic is almost
Figure 16. Solar energy energy in Czech Republic [2] depleted of greater exhausted existing resources. In comparison
with other EU countries is in the Czech Republic a few places
suitable for construction of a particular wind and solar power.
Most suitable for the construction of wind power is Highlands,
where the average wind speed reaches 6 m / s. For solar power
is the best location in South Moravia and Central Bohemia,
where the intensity of incident solar radiation is 1056-1140
KWh/m2.
The Czech Republic adopted the Act 180/2005 Coll. of 31
March 2005 on the promotion of electricity from renewable
energy sources and change some laws. On the basis of Law
180/2005, the proportion of renewable energy sources should
be 8% of gross electricity consumption by 2010 and create
conditions for further increasing this share by 2010.
Solar and wind power stations belongs to unstable sources
of energy and cause major problems in distribution and
transmission networks. Furthermore, takes greater demands on
the dispatcher's stores, which is economically disadvantageous.
Boom of solar power stations with installed capacity of close to
power nuclear power stations and progressively replaced the
rotary power source which affects the short-circuit conditions
in the network, because it is a soft source.

REFERENCES

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[3] S. Mik, T. umbera, R. Holkov, A. Folvarn Energetic potential
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anisotropy, in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
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[5] Global Energy Network Institute, datasheet, 2010. Available on internet:


http://www.geni.org/index.html.
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