FRUENDLICH ISOTHERM

Carbon A

1-Calculate the values of x and x/m from the data, e.g. for beaker 1:

x 144mg / L 144mg / L
500mL
0mg
1000mL / L

x 0mg
Q= 0mg / mg
m 0mg

Similarly repeat the steps for all beakers,

Beaker # Weight of Carbon TOC logc X/M Q=x/m logq

carbon dose (g/l) conc. At
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 0 144 2.15 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 135 2.13 90 90 1.95
3 0.10 0.2 128 2.10 80 80 1.90
4 0.375 0.75 95 1.97 65 65 1.81
5 1 2 58 1.76 43 43 1.63
6 2.3 4.6 30 1.47 25 25 1.40
7 5.5 11 12 1.07 12 12 1.07

Carbon B

Beaker # Weight of Carbon TOC logc X/M Q=x/m logq

carbon dose (g/l) conc. At
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 0 144 2.15 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 132 2.12 120 120 2.07
3 0.10 0.2 110 2.04 125 125 2.09
4 0.5 1 55 1.74 89 89 1.95
5 1 2 27 1.43 58.5 58.5 1.77
6 1.75 3.5 12 1.07 38 38 1.58
7 2.85 5.7 5 0.7 24.5 24.5 1.39
 Carbon"A"
2.5 y = 0.8186x + 0.1941
y = 0.818x + 0.194
2 R = 0.999

1.5
LogQ

logq
Linear (logq)
1
Linear (logq)
0.5 Linear (logq)

0
0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2 2.3
logC

Carbon "B"
y = 0.5019x + 1.0471
2.3
2.2 R = 0.9923
2.1
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2 LogQ
1.1
1 Linear (LogQ)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Determination of coefficient from CarbonA

Qe = KF*C1/n

Logqe = logkf + 1/n logC

The constant value can be determined from the above graph.

From best fit line Calculate slope = 1/n = (1.63-1.07)/(1.76-1.07) = 0.818

N = 1.222

Intercept log KF = 0.2

KF = 1.62

Check the above results by using the above coefficients in the equation.

Beaker # Weight of TOC logc Kf 1/n Qe Qe

carbon conc. At calculated theoretical
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 144 2.15 1.62 0.818 0
2 0.05 135 2.13 1.62 0.818 89.56 90
3 0.10 128 2.10 1.62 0.818 85.74 80
4 0.375 95 1.97 1.62 0.818 67.18 65
5 1 58 1.76 1.62 0.818 44.87 43
6 2.3 30 1.47 1.62 0.818 26.16 25
7 5.5 12 1.07 1.62 0.818 12.36 12
Plot the Freundlich isotherm values (calculated values) using line along with the experimental
values (observed values) using symbol.

Carbon "A"
100
90
80
70
60
50 Qe calculated

40 Qe theoretical

30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Determination of coefficient from CarbonB

Slope = 1/n = 0.501

N=2

Intercept log KF = 1.02

KF = 10.47

Check the above results by using the above coefficients in the equation.

Beaker # Weight of TOC logc Kf 1/n Qe Qe

carbon conc. At calculated theoretical
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 144 2.15 10.47 0.501 0
2 0.05 132 2.12 10.47 0.501 120.87 120
3 0.10 110 2.04 10.47 0.501 110.32 125
4 0.5 55 1.74 10.47 0.501 78 89
5 1 27 1.43 10.47 0.501 54.58 58.5
6 1.75 12 1.07 10.47 0.501 36.35 38
7 2.85 5 0.7 10.47 0.501 23.44 24.5
Plot the Freundlich isotherm values (calculated values) using line along with the experimental
values (observed values) using symbol.

Carbon "B"
140

120

100

80
Qcalculated
60 Qtheoretical

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
 Q vs C for Carbon "A" & "B"
140

120

100

80
Q

60 Carbon"A"
Carbon"B"
40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
C

Carbon A is best based on the analysis of the result obtained from carbon A & Carbon B.

Reason: carbon A shows more resemblance based on the calculated and theoretical values.
Carbon A has values closely equal to both theoretical and calculated values, so we would
recommend carbon B to study more.

Langmuir isotherm:
Carbon A

Beaker # Weight of Carbon TOC 1/c X/M Q=x/m 1/q

carbon dose (g/l) conc. At
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 0 144 6.94*10-3 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 135 0.0074 90 90 0.011
3 0.10 0.2 128 0.00781 80 80 0.0125
4 0.375 0.75 95 0.010 65 65 0.015
5 1 2 58 0.0172 43 43 0.023
6 2.3 4.6 30 0.0333 25 25 0.04
7 5.5 11 12 0.083 12 12 0.0833
 0.09
y = 0.9469x + 0.0058
0.08

0.07

0.06

1 0.05
/ 1/Q
q 0.04 Linear (1/Q)
0.03 Linear (1/Q)
0.02

0.01

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
1/c

1/K = 0.005

K = 200

Slope = 1/(kQ) = 0.946

Q = 5.28*10-3

General equation is written as,

1/Q = 1/k +1/(KQ)*1/C

= 1/200 + 1/(200*0.00528C)

Calculation of q from equation,

Beaker # Weight Carbon TOC K q 1/q Q=x/m 1/q

of dose conc. calculated theoretical
carbon (g/l) At
added equl.
(g) (C)
200
1 0 0 144 0.00528 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 135 200 0.00528 0.012 90 0.011
3 0.10 0.2 128 200 0.00528 0.012 80 0.0125
4 0.375 0.75 95 200 0.00528 0.015 65 0.015
5 1 2 58 200 0.00528 0.021 43 0.023
6 2.3 4.6 30 200 0.00528 0.036 25 0.04
7 5.5 11 12 200 0.00528 0.083 12 0.0833
 carbon "A"
0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05
1/q calculated
0.04
1/q theoretical
0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

For Carbon B:

Beaker # Weight of Carbon TOC 1/C X/M Q=x/m 1/Q

carbon dose (g/l) conc. At
added (g) equl. (C)
1 0 0 144 2.15 0 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 132 0.00757 120 120 0.0083
3 0.10 0.2 110 0.00909 125 125 0.0083
4 0.5 1 55 0.018 89 89 0.011
5 1 2 27 0.037 58.5 58.5 0.017
6 1.75 3.5 12 0.083 38 38 0.026
7 2.85 5.7 5 0.2 24.5 24.5 0.040
 0.045
y = 0.1652x + 0.0087
0.04

0.035

0.03

1 0.025
/ 1/Q
Q 0.02 Linear (1/Q)
0.015 Linear (1/Q)

0.01

0.005

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
1/C

1/K = 0.0085

K = 125

Slope = 1/(kQ) = 0.165

Q = 0.048

General equation is written as,

1/Q = 1/k +1/(KQ)*1/C

= 1/125 + 1/(125*0.048C)

Calculation of q from equation,

Beaker # Weight Carbon TOC K q 1/q Q=x/m 1/q

of dose conc. calculated theoretical
carbon (g/l) At equl.
added (C)
(g)
125
1 0 0 144 0.048 0 0
2 0.05 0.1 132 125 0.048 0.0092 120 0.0083
3 0.10 0.2 110 125 0.048 0.0095 125 0.0083
4 0.5 1 55 125 0.048 0.011 89 0.011
5 1 2 27 125 0.048 0.014 58.5 0.017
6 1.75 3.5 12 125 0.048 0.021 38 0.026
7 2.85 5.7 5 125 0.048 0.041 24.5 0.040

Carbon"B"
0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015 1/q calculated

1/q theoretical
0.01

0.005

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Q vs C for Carbon "A" & "B"

140

120

100

80
Q

60 Carbon"A"
Carbon"B"
40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
C

According to Langmuir carbon A is also more precise than carbon B. Carbon A has almost
equal values both theoretical and calculated so we would recommend carbon B to study more
as his values both calculated and theoretical has somehow different.