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100
90
80
MK SF PFA ISSA
Cumulative Volume (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 <150um Sand
0
1 10 100 1000
particle diameter (um)
1.00
SAI (decimal relative to control strength)
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
7d
28d
0.00
sand ISSA FA SF MK
Test pozzolan
Figure 2 Strength activity index of five different test materials after 7 and 28 days. Results are
averages of triplicate determinations and expressed as % of control sample strengths, which were
39.9MPa after 7 days and 49.6MPa after 28 days.
20
18
Lime solubility curve
16
14
[CaO] mmol
12
20% SF
10 20% Sand
8 20% ISSA
Control
6
20% PFA
4
2
20% MK
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
[OH] mmol
Figure 3 - Frattini test results for 5 test pozzolans after 8 days curing at 40oC. Test mixtures consisted
of 4g pozzolan and 16g PC in 100ml distilled water in a sealed plastic bottle. Duplicate samples were
prepared and individual results plotted above.
100
90
80
70
% Total CaO removed
Sand
60 ISSA
PFA
50
MK
40 SF
Control
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (days)
Figure 4 Saturated lime test results for the 5 test pozzolans after 1, 3, 7 and 28 days of curing in
sealed plastic bottles at 40oC. Each bottle contained 1g of test pozzolan and 75ml of a saturated lime
solution (2g Ca(OH)2/L).
100
MK
90
Frattini test result (% CaO removed)
80 R2 = 0.8593
70
60
50 FA
40
SF
30
20
10
sand ISSA
0
0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
28d SAI result (% of control sample strength)
Figure 5 Correlation between measured pozzolanic activity of 5 test materials using the Frattini test
and the strength activity index test
100
Saturated Lime test result (% Ca removed)
90
80
70
60 7d R2 = 0.2188
28d R2 = 0.2467
50
40 3d R2 = 0.13
1d R2 = 0.0114
30
1 day SL test
20 3 day SL test
10 7d SL test
28d SL test
0
60 70 80 90 100
28d SAI result (% of control sample strength)
Figure 6 Correlation between measured pozzolanic activity of 5 test materials using the saturated
lime test (at 1, 3, 7 and 28d) and the 28d strength activity index test results
100
7d R2 = 0.2526
Saturated Lime test result (% Ca removed)
28d R2 = 0.2407
80
60
3d R2 = 0.0176
40
1d R2 = 0.0104
1 day SL test
20 3 day SL test
7 day SL test
28 day SL test
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frattini Test result (% CaO saturation)
Figure 7 Correlation between measured pozzolanic activity of 5 test materials using the saturated
lime test (at 1, 3, 7 and 28d) and the Frattini test at 8d.
40
Wateq4f
35
Minteq4
30 Hatches
6.8mM 7.4mM
Solubility mmol/dm 3
LLNL
25
20
10.6mM
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
o
Temperature ( C)
12.6
12.4
Saturated lime and
12.2 Frattini tests at 40oC
12
11.8
11.6
0 10 20 30 40 50
o
Temperature ( C)