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CONTENTS
3.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................3
1.0 PURPOSE
This Data Sheet Guide provides instructions on how to complete the Transformer Data Sheet (ELC-
DS-401). It helps with simple decisions. The Electrical Manual contains all data tables and
background. The section numbers of this Data Sheet Guide correspond to the Data Sheet line
numbers.
2.0 SCOPE
This Transformer Data Sheet (ELC-DS-401) covers requirements for dry-type and liquid- immersed
type transformers.
3.0 REFERENCES
Before filling out the Data Sheet, write the transformer identification number in the blank above the
columns labeled "high voltage/low voltage" (use a maximum of two transformers per Data Sheet).
A. Rating
Normally the rating is already provided on a one-line diagram. Specify rating in kVA
(for example 1000 kVA.) See Section 100, "System Design", of the Electrical
Manual for standard kVA ratings and sizing information and Section 800,
"Transformers," of the Electrical Manual for selection and sizing information.
The recommended three-phase connection is delta primary and wye secondary. See
Section 100, "System Design," of the Electrical Manual for explanations and facts
concerning the different types of connections. This information should be on the one-
line diagram. Enter a "D" for delta and a "Y" for wye to indicate one type of
connection.
A.4 Frequency
A.5 Phase
The basic impulse level voltage (BIL) specifies the type of insulation required to
safely withstand voltage spikes due to lightning strikes or switching transients.
Standard BIL values for various nominal system voltages are listed in Section 845,
"Basic Impulse Level (BIL)" of the Electrical Manual. Enter a value from the table in
Section 845.
Typically, use standard impedance. Fill in the blank with the percent value. See
Section 100, "System Design," of the Electrical Manual for reasons to specify non-
standard values. Strike out "Special Requirements" if using standard impedance and
vice-versa for special impedance.
B. Operating Data
Ambient temperatures exceeding 40C maximum and 30C average over a 24-hour
period require special design consideration. (See Section 833, "Temperature Rise,"
of the Electrical Manual.) Also, insulating liquid startup temperatures below minus
20C are not considered usual service conditions. Specify the ambient temperature in
degrees celsius.
B.2 Altitude
Due to the reduced heat transfer capability of air at higher altitudes, transformers to
be used above 3300 feet (1000 meters) must either be derated or provided with extra
cooling equipment. (See Section 834, "Altitude," of the Electrical Manual. Leave
blank if below 3300 feet.)
The average kVA load should be the steady state load of motors (not startup loads)
and other loads. If load is intermittent or variable, use a time-weighted average. Do
not average in time when the transformer is not energized, but do include periods of
no load when the transformer remains energized. Enter the value obtained by dividing
the average load by the full load times 100%.
Recommend using for transformers larger than 500 kVA. The Evaluation Factor (EF)
is the cost in dollars of a kilowatt of power at the installation location over the
transformer or project life.
EF = C x N x PWF
The energy cost (C) is the cost of electricity in $/KWH where the transformer is being
installed.
N equals the yearly operating time in hours that the transformer is expected to
operate.
The present worth factor (PWF) given on the Data Sheet is used to convert yearly
energy costs to a present worth basis. It is based on projected equipment life, interest
rates, inflation, and company expected return on investment. Although changes in
economic conditions can affect the present worth factor, the PWF of 4, used on the
Data Sheet, will provide consistent comparison between transformers. Enter the
calculated EF value, which will be in $/KW.
C. Construction
C.1 Class
Indicate the class of transformer construction required by using codes on the Data
Sheet or additional codes if needed. The first letter of the code indicates if the
transformer is a dry-type (A) or liquid immersed (O). The letter A following the first
letter indicates a self-cooled transformer (that is, cooled only by natural air
circulation). The letter W following the first letter, indicates a water-cooled
transformer.
C.2 Service
Indicate the type of transformer by crossing out the unwanted types. Some power
loads such as motors, require high starting currents and operate at a lagging power
factor. Lighting loads do not require high starting current and operate close to unity
power factor. Instrument loads are similar to lighting loads but must be segregated to
minimize electrical interference. Any other unusual applications should be noted
(such as a single motor on a captive transformer). When a captive transformer is
specified, give the number of starts per hour, motor inrush current, and kVA of the
motor. See Section 814, "Transformer Types," of the Electrical Manual.
C.4 High Voltage No-Load Taps (See C.14 for Load Taps)
Standard no-load tap settings consist of two 2 1/2% steps above and two 2 1/2%
steps below nominal voltage. This provides a full 5% voltage correction above and
below nominal. If required, tap settings which allow up to 10-15% voltage correction
in one direction are available. See Section 800, "Transformers," of the Electrical
Manual for further information.
Fill in the blank with the quantity of taps (normally two) above and below nominal
voltage and the percentage step of each tap. For example, one would enter two, 2
1/2% in the above blank and the same for the below blank.
C.5 Mounting
C.6 Bushings
Provide information regarding whether bushings are to be mounted on the cover (or
top) of the transformer, on the wall, or on one side. Bushing location will be
determined by the conductor layout in the vicinity of the transformer. Cover bushings
are used for top connections from overhead lines. Wall bushings are used when
conduit and wire, armored cable, or bus duct connections are made.
C.7 Connectors
Spade-type connectors should be specified for medium voltage cables and low
voltage cables larger than AWG #2/0. Bolted-clamp terminals may be specified for
low voltage cables smaller than AWG #3/0. Cross out "no" if you want the
manufacturer to supply the connectors and vice versa. Fill in the blank with the type
of connector desired.
C.8 Conductors
Conductor type and size should be indicated in order for the manufacturer to supply
proper size connectors and terminations. Cross out the undesired types of conductors
and materials.
Indicate if a throat enclosure or a junction box is to be used. A throat is used for bus
duct connections and a junction box is used for connections with cable. The size of
the junction box must allow for cable connections without exceeding the bend radius
restrictions of the cable used. Specify the minimum distance in inches in the junction
box. API RP 14F does not allow bus duct in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) area.
The number and size of the conduit hubs is determined by the number and size of
cable and conduit required to carry power to or from the transformer. If not required,
indicate "none" on the Data Sheet.
C.11 Termination
Cross out the type of terminations that are not to be used. Heat shrinkable
terminations can be used up to 15 kV. Above 15 kV, potheads are used. Dirty
environments may require special considerations. Also, indicate whether terminations
are to be supplied by the manufacturer.
State unusual conditions that require special paint such as marine or corrosive
environments. If a special color is required, this should be specified. If required
paint specifications are known, include this information. If there are no special paint
requirements, specify "manufacturer's standard."
Normally not required; leave blank unless specifically required. See Section 800,
"Transformers," of the Electrical Manual for information on tertiary windings.
Normally not required; leave blank unless specifically required. Indicate here if tap
changing under load is required. Most load tap changers vary taps in small discrete
steps. Indicate percentage range but do not include number of steps.
When initially completing Data Sheet, leave this section blank. Vendor will complete this
section as part of the bid.
E. Accessories
E.1 Specify the area classification (non-hazardous, Class I, Division 1, Class I, Division
2) on line B.5 in order to have the accessories mounted in the proper enclosures.
Transformers are usually installed in non-hazardous areas.
E.1.B Thermometer
E.2.E Neutral CT
Generally, these are supplied with the switchgear except for primary CTs
used for differential relay protection or utility company metering. A current
transformer on each of the three phases is needed when the signals from the
CTs are to be used for metering or are used to operate protective relays. For
multi-ratio (MR) CTs, all secondaries must be wired to a terminal box and
clearly tagged.
F.1.B Ratio
This test should be required on all transformers. The winding ratio test
confirms that the transformer windings have the proper number of turns to
provide the voltages required. On transformers with tap changers, the ratio
test should be performed at each tap setting.
Polarity and phase relationship tests confirm the required phase relationship
between the primary and secondary windings. It is especially important when
two or more transformers are to be operated in parallel. These tests should
be performed on all three-phase transformers. (For single-phase transformers,
the phase relationship test is not applicable.)
This test should be performed on transformers 500 kVA or greater. The no-
load loss test is important because it measures losses in the transformer
whenever it is energized, regardless of whether it is carrying a load or not.
These losses have an impact on the economics of a transformer.
The exciting current test is used to verify that the core design and its
performance are satisfactory. The excitation current of a transformer is the
current which maintains the magnetic flux excitation in the core of the
transformer. The exciting current test and no-load loss are determined from
the same test setup.
These tests should be performed on all transformers rated greater than 500
kVA. The load loss test determines losses that are approximately
proportional to the load being carried. This also affects the economics of a
transformer. The impedance test confirms the transformer's voltage
regulation and ability to limit short-circuit current values. For transformers
rated 500 kVA or less, test data from duplicate units can substitute for
individual unit testing.
F.1.G Temperature
F.2.A Impulse
The full wave test is the least severe impulse test. It simulates a disturbance
some distance from the transformer that travels through the transmission line
to the transformer. If impulse testing is required, this test will usually suffice.
The chopped wave test is more severe and simulates a disturbance that
travels to the transformer and flashes over near the transformer.
Transformer reaction to the chopped wave and full wave are different. The
longer duration of the full wave induces high voltage stress throughout the
winding, turn-to-turn, layer-to-layer, as well as between the winding and
ground. The chopped wave is of shorter duration, and induces higher stresses
on insulation for the turn-to-turn and layer-to-layer.
The most severe impulse testing is front of wave. It is required only for
substation transformers subject to a direct lightning strike. The front of wave
test simulates a direct or close lightning strike with a fast voltage rise and fast
decay due to flashover. The peak amplitude of the wave is greater than both
the full and chopped wave tests.
If impulse tests are required, specify which tests are desired. New designs
should be tested by all three methods, but standard production transformers
should not require these tests unless local conditions are such that large
system disturbances are frequent.
This test is usually not required. The insulation power factor test is another
test of the condition of the transformer insulation. Factory test data may be
desired for comparison to field data. This test measures the capacitance
between windings and between windings and ground.
This test is primarily used to confirm new designs and usually is not required
on individual transformers. Short-circuit capability tests are performed to
confirm that a transformer can withstand short-circuit stresses.
The decision to witness transformer testing should be based on the size and criticality
of the transformer. Larger transformers whose failure would shut down a process,
should have tests witnessed. Load and no-load losses on larger transformers have a
large economic impact. These tests should be witnessed. Any required optional tests
in Section F2 should be witnessed. If a temperature test of the individual transformer
is required, this should be witnessed.
The testing of smaller transformers per Section F1, does not need to be witnessed.
Certified test results of all specified tests should be required. Test results should
include data from duplicate unit tests where this is allowed as a substitute for
individual unit tests.
G. General Specifications
H. Notes
H.2 This penalty clause is used to help ensure that the Vendor meets the guaranteed
losses.