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1 A,E,L 2
x,u
f1x, d1x f2x, d2x
Bar element convention
1 A,E,L 2
x,u
f1x, d1x f2x, d2x
Bar element convention
A,E
T T
f1x T
d d2x
f1x AE 1x
L
f1x AE 1 1 d1x
f2x T 1 1 d
2x
f L 2 x
d d
f 2 x AE 2 x 1x
L {f} = [k] {d}
Chapter 3 W Kuntjoro
Bar and Truss
Truss
A framework composed of bar members joined at their ends to form a rigid structure
is known as a truss. In truss structures, the end connections are assumed to be
pin jointed connections. Bridges, roof supports, and derricks are common examples
of trusses.
y
2 4
Global coordinate x-y
Local coordinate x y
1 6 x
3 5 Element equation in local
x
coordinate
f1x
d1x
AE 1 1
f 2x , d 2x
1 1
A truss element 2
f2x L d 2 x
A, E
f [k]d
L
1
xx
f 1x , d 1x
Chapter 3 W Kuntjoro
Bar and Truss
Transformation Matrix
y
d d xi d y j dxi d y j
y dy d
d x
C S d x
d y x
d x d
d
y S C y
O dx x C = cos S = sin
The x-y and x - y coordinate systems.
d1x
d1x C
S 0 0 d1 y
d 2 x 0 0 C S d 2 x
d 2 y
C S 0 0
d T d
* T* =
S
.
0 0 C
Chapter 3 W Kuntjoro
Bar and Truss
f2y, d2y
x
y
f2x, d2x
2 d1x C S 0 0 d1x
d1 y S C 0 0 d1 y
A, E, L
d2 x 0 0 C S d 2 x
f1y, d1y d 2 y 0 0
S C d 2 y
1
x
d Td
f1x, d1x
C2 CS C2 CS
AE CS S2 CS S2
k T kT k 2
T
L C CS C2 CS
CS S2 CS S 2
f1x C2 CS C2 CS d1x
f
1y AE CS S2 CS S 2 d1 y
f 2 x L C 2
CS C2 CS d 2 x
f 2 y
CS S2 CS S 2 d 2 y
f [k ]d