CONNECTORS OF CONTRAST CONNECTORS OF PURPOSE
Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence): When the subject of the main clause and the
o although, though, even though,
in spite of the fact that.
o while, whereas
o but, yet
o however , nevertheless, on the one hand... on
the other hand, on the contrary
Connectors followed by a noun sentence, a noun or a
gerund:
o in spite of , despite
1 SHOWING CONTRAST: use a connector of contrast to
join the sentences:
1. Some people believe in ghosts and supernatural
phenomena others are
skeptical about all that.
2. She didnt get the job .
her brilliant qualifications.
3. That book youve been reading must be very
interesting ., its dead
boring but I have to read it for school
4. Im not going to speak to her she
begs me pardon
5. . the risks thousands of people
climb the Everest every year.
6. .Im thinking of buying a new
car. the old one still
works, so I could still use it for a couple of years.
7. The ad was excellent. .,the product
didnt sell very well.
8. .the weather wasnt really good,
the holidays was great!
9. The plane landed the thick fog
that covered the runway.
CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND RESULT
Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence):
o Because , as, since
o Therefore , as a result, consequently, thats why,
for this reason, so
o So + adjective or adverb + that
o Such (a) + (adjective)+ noun + that
Connectors followed by a noun sentence, a noun or a gerund:
o Because of, on account of, owing to, due to, as a result
of
3 SHOWING CAUSE AND RESULT: Complete the sentences using
a connector of cause or result:
1. Doctors believe some bacteria are more resistant
nowadays..the misuse of antibiotics.
2. .you have no more money to spend, you
will have to stop buying useless things.
3. Hes embarrassed about being bald..he
always wears a wig.
4. I knew I couldnt win. , I didnt play the match
and I decided to do more practice to improve my performance
for the next competition.
5. ..the traffic jams I arrive late for work every day.
6. She was .an annoying woman
no one wanted to invite her to a party.
7. The students were angry .the teacher didnt
keep her promise to let them out earlier.
8. You are not following the doctors advice. .. you
wont get better.
9. Edward is ..conceited ..he language, you should find opportunities to practice it with
wont even consider the possibility of not getting the job.
10. ..the rain had poured for three days without a
rest, there were floods in the area.
subordinate clause is the same. They are followed by a
verb
o in order to, so as to, to, in order not to, so as
not to
When the subjects of the main clause and the
subordinate clause are different or the same but stated.
They are followed by a complete sentence and a modal
verb (/can / could)
2 SHOWING PURPOSE: join the sentences using a
connector of purpose
1. I decided to pack up early I had enough
time to go to the airport by bus.
2. You must always use lots of sun creamget
sunburn.
3. She has put on some winter clothes ..to
be warm when she goes out.
4. Clara didnt carry a lot of cash ..get
robbed.
5. do it properly, you must follow
the instructions.
6. I called an electrician .he
would repair the plug in my bedroom.
7. Theyve been working a lot save
the company from bankrupt.
8. My family saved money all year ..we
could have a special holiday abroad...get
vitamins you should eat lots of fruit and vegetables
even if you dont like them much.
9. My son started to wear glasses ..read
when he was only 5.
CONNECTORS OF ADDITION
Conjunctions (followed by a complete sentence):
o Moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, whats
more ; as well and too come at the end of the
sentence
Connectors followed by a noun sentence, a noun or a
gerund:
o In addition to, as well as
o Apart from, except (for)
4 ADDING INFORMATION: Complete the sentences using a
connector of addition:
1. What other sports do you practice skiing?
2. ..being a good nurse, shes also a mother of
three children.
3. We are too busy to go out for a walk. ,
the weather is horrible today.
4. Cooking is a very relaxing activity. ., you
can also learn about nutrition.
5. While she was on a diet, she ate nothing ..
vegetables and fruit. She didnt feel well after that.
6. I can play the piano. I can play the violin . .
7. Yoga is a very good way to exercise mind and body.
..it is very relaxing.
8. ..studying the grammar of a
native speakers if you want to be fluent.
 **SUGGESTED ANSWERS. In most cases there is more than one possible correct answer. The
answers below are just one option.
SHOWING CONTRAST: use a connector of contrast to join the sentences:
1. Some people believe in ghosts and supernatural phenomena whereasothers are
skeptical about all that.
2. She didnt get the job in spite of her brilliant qualifications.
3. That book youve been reading must be very interesting On the contrary., its dead
boring but I have to read it for school
4. Im not going to speak to her althoughshe begs me pardon
5. Despite. the risks thousands of people climb the Everest every year.
6. On the one hand.Im thinking of buying a new car. On the other handthe old one
still works, so I could still use it for a couple of years.
7. The ad was excellent. Nevertheless.the product didnt sell very well.
8. In spite of the fact that.the weather wasnt really good, the holidays was great!
9. The plane landed despitethe thick fog that covered the runway.
10. The government wants to pass the law. However, the party in the opposition wont
lend them their support to do it.
SHOWING PURPOSE: join the sentences using a connector of purpose
1. I decided to pack up early so thatI had enough time to go to the airport by bus.
2. You must always use lots of sun cream in order not toget sunburn.
3. She has put on some winter clothes so as..to be warm when she goes out.
4. Clara didnt carry a lot of cash so as not to..get robbed.
5. In order to do it properly, you must follow the instructions.
6. I called an electrician in order that.he would repair the plug in my bedroom.
7. Theyve been working a lot tosave the company from bankrupt.
8. My family saved money all year so that..we could have a special holiday abroad.
9. In order to..get vitamins you should eat lots of fruit and vegetables even if you dont like
them much.
10. My son started to wear glasses to..read when he was only 5.

SHOWING CAUSE AND RESULT: Complete the sentences using a connector of cause or result:
1. Doctors believe some bacteria are more resistant nowadaysdue to..the misuse of
antibiotics.
2. As.you have no more money to spend, you will have to stop buying useless things.
3. Hes embarrassed about being bald.thats why.......he always wears a wig.
4. I knew I couldnt win. Therefore, I didnt play the match and I decided to do more
practice to improve my performance for the next competition.
5. Because of..the traffic jams I arrive late for work every day.
6. She was such.an annoying woman that no one wanted to invite her to a party.
7. The students were angry since.the teacher didnt keep her promise to let them out
earlier.
8. You are not following the doctors advice. Consequently.., you wont get better.
9. Edward is so..conceited that..he wont even consider the possibility of not getting
the job.
10. Since..the rain had poured for three days without a rest, there were floods in the area.

ADDING INFORMATION: Complete the sentences using a connector of addition:

1. What sports do you practice apart fromskiing?
2. Besides..being a good nurse, shes also a mother of three children.
3. We are too busy to go out for a walk. On top of that, the weather is horrible today.
4. Cooking is a very relaxing activity. Moreover., you can also learn about nutrition.
5. While she was on a diet, she ate nothing except for.vegetables and fruit. She didnt feel well after
that.
6. I can play the piano. I can play the violin, as well.. .
7. Yoga is a very good way to exercise mind and body. In addition..it is very relaxing.
8. In addition to..studying the grammar of a language, you should find opportunities to practice it
with native speakers if you want to be fluent.