Adhd Questions 1. Circle The Best Answer.: Listening Sub - Test: Part B

Listening Part B
Listening Sub-Test: Part B

ADHD
Questions
1.Circle the best answer.
1. Most estimates suggest that among primary school age children
a) 2% of children have ADHD
b) 80% of children have ADHD
c) 5~10% of children have ADHD
2. Regarding gender and ADHD
a) ADHD is much more common in boys
b) ADHD is equally common in boys and girls
c) ADHD is slightly more common in boys
3. Which of the following is not correct
a) Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD
b) 50% of male parents who had ADHD may have a child with ADHD
c) Exposure to lead in early childhood may increase the risk of ADHD
4. Which of the following is more likely to trigger out of control behaviour ?
a) Too much food containing sugar and food colourings
b) Too much excitement
c) A combination of both a & b
5. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a) About 1/3 of children with ADHD suffer from sleep apnoea
b) Most children with ADHD suffer from sleep apnoea
c) About 1/3 of children who suffer from sleep apnoea also have ADHD
6. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a) After 40 years of research the reason why some children suffer from
ADHD is becoming clear
b) Recent theories suggest problems with left side of the brain function
c) A child with ADHD may interpret feelings and information differently
to other children
This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 1

Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com
Listening Part B

2. Complete the following table
Symptom Category Signs and Symptoms

Hyperactivity Inability to play quietly
excessive________________________
continuous______________________
___________________________________
Inability to _____________________
Poor _______________________________
Concentration _______________________________performance
being distracted easily
_______________________________
_______________________________
poor task completion
Impulsiveness _______________________________ other children
poor _______________________________
blurting out answers
_______________________________by classmates
_______________________________

Listening Part B
3. Complete the following process chart
ADHD sufferers if ADHD is not Older children

may do well school works diagnosed, are expected to
at school because gets_________ sufferers may not take
it is hard to as get the responsibility for
___________ you get
& __________ ___________ their __________ &
stay still they need. ___________
For children who Leading to poor In turn they reducing the

cannot plan and marks, being kept chances to [ind
______________ back, suitable
lower____________ may_____________
themselves,
school con[idence and _______________
becomes__________ regular__________. of school early
4. Answer the following questions and complete the statements.
a) Name two of the stimulant medications mentioned for ADHD?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with
___________________________________
pleasure
___________________________________
movement
c) Name one positive effect stimulant medication has on behaviour?
_____________________________________________________________________
d) How many times a day should short acting medication be taken?
_____________________________________________________________________
e) How many times a day should long acting medication taken?
____________________________________________________________________

Listening Part B
f) Why are long acting medications for ADHD preferred?
_________________________________________________________________________
g) List 5 common side effects associated with this medication
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
_______________________________________
________________________________________
5. Complete the following information cards on safety concerns

Effect on developing brain
Long term impact is ________________________________________________________
Ritalin in ____________________________& __________________________
may interfere with brain development.

Heart related problems
Can cause__________________________ in children and adults with
_________________________________.
Before starting the stimulant all individuals should have a
________________________________________.
People with a history of heart problems need an __________________________.

Listening Part B

Psychiatric problems
Stimulants can trigger symptoms of______________ aggression, ____________,
depression and _____________________.
High risk people include those with a history of _______________________
depression or _____________________________.

Potential for abuse
University students take them when_________________________________
They are also taken for their ____________________________properties.

6. Complete the gaps in the summary.

Current scientific evidence suggests diet modification can improve the
behavioural _____________________of ADHD. A trial in children______________________
ADHD reported significant increases in _________________________ behaviour for the
children who received the intervention, compared to the children who received
the ___________________________. A trial of 27 children with ADHD reported
_____________________ behavioural improvements amongst the elimination diet
group. These studies demonstrate the link between _______________________ and
_________________________. They demonstrate that strict adherence to an elimination
diet can __________________ hyperactive behaviour in children.

Listening Part B
7. Answer the following questions.
a) In what type of food can salicilates be found?
____________________________________________________________
b) Why should processed foods be avoided?
____________________________________________________________
c) List the 5 categories of food that should be avoided.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. Complete the following notes.

Main benefit of the diet is it can _____________________________.
However, unless all banned foods are eliminated, ___________________________
will not be seen.
Children with ADHD tend to be_________________________and therefore may
be unable to comply with a ____________________________________.
Children may____________________________________with friends at school when
_______________________________________________.
However there is _____________________________ that an elimination diet is as
effective as _______________________.
Current scientific evidence indicates diet should be used
_____________________________________________ medication.

Listening Part B

End of Part B
You now have 2 minutes to check your answers.

Now check your results and add up your score with on the answer sheet.
Your Score________
Total Marks 80
To pass the listening test you need to get at least 65%, so for this exam you need to
get at least 52/80.

Listening Part B
Answer Sheet
Total Marks: 80
One mark for each correct answer. Underlined words essential.
Variations in vocabulary and grammar are acceptable
Slash / indicates alternative answers
Brackets (_______) indicate optional details which do not need to be included

Question 1 swings, racing heart beat, dizziness
1. c ( I mark for any of the following up
2. a to a total of 5 marks)
3. b Question 5
4. b not yet known
5. a children
6. c teenagers
Question 2 sudden death
fidgeting heart conditions
talking cardiac evaluation
restlessness electrocardiogram (ECG)
sit still hostility
disorganisation anxiety
poor academic paranoia
forgetfulness suicide
losing things bipolar disorder
interrupting cramming (for exams)
turn taking weight-loss
rejection Question 6
accidental injury symptoms
Question 3 without
concentrate hyperactive
harder placebo
older significant
help diet
learning behaviour
behaviour reduce
organise
difficult Question 7
self esteem Fruit
truancy (Because they) contain artificial
drop out colours/preservatives/flavour
employment enhancers
Question 4 Fruit
a) Ritalin/Adderall/Dexedrine (I mark Take away food
each, total 2 marks) Processed meat and cheese
b) Motivation/ attention (1mark Sweet snacks
eachtotal 2 marks) Beverages
c) boost concentration/focus/reduce Question 8
hyperactive / impulsive behaviours reduce (symptoms of ) hyperactivity
(1 mark) behavioural benefits
d) 2/3 times a day impulsive
e) once a day stict diet
f) users have trouble remembering to share food
take their pills/ easier/more unsupervised
convenient (I mark) no evidence
g) difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, medication
headaches, upset stomach, in combination with
irritability, depression, mood

Listening Part B

Transcript
Now read question 1
Pause 10 seconds
Now answer question 1
What are the symptoms of ADHD?

Most kids could be described at some point as 'inattentive', 'impulsive' or 'hyperactive'. Explanations for this behaviour vary
widely, ranging from the child being 'overtired' to 'overexcited'. However, when such behaviour lasts for significant periods of
time and when it interferes interferes with life at school and at home, the explanation may be due to a condition such as attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD.
Some studies suggest that about 2% of primary school aged children have ADHD, while others have suggested that
almost 18% ADHD. However, the majority of researchers put the figure at between 5% and 10%.
Regarding gender, boys are at least 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls.
Prenatal risks. Some studies have shown a possible increase in risk among children whose mothers used
cigarettes or alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, if you are pregnant, do not smoke or use alcohol
Environmental toxins. Exposure to very high levels of lead before age 6 or so might also raise a childs risk.
Some young children are exposed to lead from the dust of worn paint in many older buildings, or from drinking
water that has travelled through lead pipes.
Family history. Having a biological parent or sibling with ADHD seems to raise a childs chances of developing it.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, at least one-third of fathers who had ADHD in their youth may
have a child with ADHD.
For some children who have ADHD, some foods, such as sugar and food colourings, seem to trigger more 'out of
control' behaviour, but food is not a trigger for many children with ADHD. Being at a party often triggers 'out of
control' behaviour which might be due to foods, but the behaviour is more likely to be due to too much excitement.
Sleep apnoea (blocking of the airway during sleep) is linked to problem behaviours in many children. Some research
has shown that about 30% of children who have ADHD have some sleep apnoea. Signs of sleep apnoea including
snoring, often loud snoring and stopping breathing for a brief time during sleep. Not all children who snore have sleep
apnoea, but if a child with ADHD also snores, this might be part of the problem.
Despite at least 40 years of research worldwide, there is still no clear explanation for why ADHD happens in some
children. More recent theories suggest that there is a problem with how the front part of the brain works. This causes
the child's brain to deal with information and feelings in a different way from other children.
Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 2
Pause 10 seconds
It is comprised of three core symptom categories which are hyperactivity, poor concentration and impulsiveness. In order to
reach an accurate diagnosis, the presence and pattern of development of symptoms in each of these categories must be
considered.
Hyperactivity
Children always seem to be "on the go" or constantly in motion. Hyperactive behaviour may be demonstrated by a difficulty in
playing quietly
excessive fidgeting
continuous talking
restlessness
inability to sit still when required
Poor concentration
Children have a hard time keeping their minds on any one thing and may quickly become bored with a task. Signs that a child is
inattentive include
disorganisation
poor academic performance
being distracted easily
forgetfulness
losing things and
poor completion of tasks
Impulsiveness
Children seem unable to curb their immediate reactions or think before they act. Impulsive behaviour may be identified through
disruptive behaviours in the classroom, such as
interrupting other children
poor turn taking
blurting out answers before they are appropriate
rejection by their peers and classmates
as well as accidental injury
Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 3
Pause 10 seconds

Listening Part B
How ADHD can affect young people

People with ADHD may not do as well at school are they are capable of, because it is so hard to concentrate and stay still. In
addition, school work gets harder as you get older and it may become more and more difficult to keep up with the work.
Furthermore, if no-one knows they have ADHD it may mean that they do not get the special help they need. As they get older
they are expected to take more responsibility for their own learning and behaviour and to be more organised in order to do this.
This can be hard with ADHD. For young people who are not able to plan and organise themselves for example they don't hear
the teacher's instructions, lose assignments and homework, school gets very difficult. This can result in poor marks, being kept
back in lower grades, lower self-esteem and confidence as well as regular truancy. This may in turn mean that they drop out of
school early and leaving school early means will reduce the chances to find suitable employment.
Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 4
Pause 10 seconds
I would now like to describe the treatment options available for ADHD sufferers.
Stimulants are the most common type of medication prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They have the longest
track record for treating ADHD and the most research to back up their effectiveness. The stimulant class of medication includes
widely used drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, and Dexedrine.
Stimulants are believed to work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with
motivation, pleasure, attention, and movement. For many people with ADHD, stimulant medications boost concentration and
focus while reducing hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.
Stimulants for ADHD come in both short- and long-acting dosages. Short-acting stimulants peak after several hours, and must be
taken 2-3 times a day. Long-acting or extended-release stimulants last 8-12 hours, and are usually taken just once a day.
The long-acting versions of ADHD medication are often preferred, since people with ADHD often have trouble remembering to
take their pills. Taking just one dose a day is much easier and more convenient.
As with all medications, there are side effects and the most common side effects of stimulants for ADHD are:
Difficulty sleeping
Loss of appetite
Headaches
Upset stomach
Irritability
Depression
Mood swings
Racing heartbeat
Dizziness
Pause: 15 seconds
Now read question 5
Pause 15 seconds
ADHD Stimulant safety concerns
Beyond the potential side effects, there are a number of safety concerns associated with the stimulant medications for ADHD.
Effect on the developing brain The long-term impact of ADHD medication on the youthful, developing brain is not yet
known. Some researchers are concerned that the use of drugs such as Ritalin in children and teenagers might interfere
with normal brain development.
Heart-related problems ADHD stimulant medications have been found to cause sudden death in children and adults with
heart conditions. The Heart Association recommends that all individuals, including children, have a cardiac
evaluation prior to starting a stimulant. An electrocardiogram is recommended if the person has a history of heart
problems.
Psychiatric problems Stimulants for ADHD can trigger or exacerbate symptoms of hostility, aggression, anxiety,
depression, and paranoia. People with a personal or family history of suicide, depression, or bipolar disorder are at a
particularly high risk, and should be carefully monitored when taking stimulants.
Potential for abuse Stimulant abuse is a growing problem, particularly among teens and young adults. University students
take them for a boost when cramming for exams or pulling all-nighters. Others abuse stimulant medications for their
weight-loss properties.

Listening Part B
Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 6
Pause 10 seconds
The importance of diet

Current scientific evidence also suggests that diet modification can improve the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. A trial in
children without ADHD challenged them with drinks containing artificial food colours and additives or a placebo, and reported
significant increases in hyperactive behaviour amongst the children who received the intervention, compared to the children who
received the placebo. A trial of 27 children with ADHD randomly assigned them to an elimination diet or no intervention, and
reported significant behavioural improvements amongst the elimination diet group. These and a number of other studies
demonstrate the association between diet and behaviour. They also demonstrate that strict adherence to an elimination diet can
reduce hyperactive behaviour in children.

Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 7
Pause 10 seconds

The foods which should be avoided includes those containing salicylates which are found in most fruit. It is also recommended to
avoid processed foods because they may contain artificial colours, preservatives and flavour enhancers such as
monosodiumglutomate or MSG as it is commonly referred to as. Due to the fact that many fresh foods contain naturally
occurring salicylates and most processed foods contain artificial additives, this means eliminating many foods which are
frequently consumed as part of a typical balanced diet.
In practical terms, this means avoiding many prepared and fresh foods, in the following categories
Fruit: All fruits except pears with the peel removed
Take away foods such as Food from major fast food chains, and fish and chips shops
Processed meat and cheese
Sweet snacks: including Ice cream, sweets, sweet biscuits and chocolate
Beverages: like Juice, cordial, sports drinks and teas

Pause: 10 seconds
Now read question 8
Pause 10 seconds

The main benefit of this kind of diet for children with ADHD is that the diet can reduce symptoms of hyperactivity.
Nevertheless, there are a number of limitations associated with the diet. The nutritional requirements of the diet are very
stringent, and unless children comply fully by eliminating all banned foods from their diets, behavioural benefits will not
be seen.
Experience indicates that strict adherence to diet the may be difficult. This is because children with ADHD tend to be
impulsive which means complying with a strict diet may be difficult. Children may share food with friends at school while
unsupervised, become upset and behave badly when denied food by their parents, or simply eat eliminated foods without
thinking about it.
It is important to note that even if full compliance is maintained and hyperactive behaviour reduced, there is no evidence
that an elimination diet alone can improve behaviour as much as medications can. The available scientific evidence
suggests that an elimination diet is most effective when used in combination with, rather than instead of, medication.
That is the End of Listening Part B


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Listening Part B

Listening Sub-Test: Part B

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 1

Hyperactivity Inability to play quietly

being distracted easily

poor task completion

Impulsiveness _______________________________ other children

blurting out answers

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 2

3. Complete the following process chart

ADHD sufferers if ADHD is not Older children

For children who Leading to poor In turn they reducing the

4. Answer the following questions and complete the statements.

a) Name two of the stimulant medications mentioned for ADHD?

b) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with

c) Name one positive effect stimulant medication has on behaviour?

d) How many times a day should short acting medication be taken?

e) How many times a day should long acting medication taken?

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 3

f) Why are long acting medications for ADHD preferred?

g) List 5 common side effects associated with this medication

5. Complete the following information cards on safety concerns

Ritalin in ____________________________& __________________________

may interfere with brain development.

Before starting the stimulant all individuals should have a

People with a history of heart problems need an __________________________.

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 4

depression and _____________________.

High risk people include those with a history of _______________________

They are also taken for their ____________________________properties.

behavioural _____________________of ADHD. A trial in children______________________

ADHD reported significant increases in _________________________ behaviour for the

the ___________________________. A trial of 27 children with ADHD reported

_____________________ behavioural improvements amongst the elimination diet

group. These studies demonstrate the link between _______________________ and

_________________________. They demonstrate that strict adherence to an elimination

diet can __________________ hyperactive behaviour in children.

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 5

7. Answer the following questions.

a) In what type of food can salicilates be found?

b) Why should processed foods be avoided?

c) List the 5 categories of food that should be avoided.

8. Complete the following notes.

Main benefit of the diet is it can _____________________________.

However, unless all banned foods are eliminated, ___________________________

will not be seen.

Children with ADHD tend to be_________________________and therefore may

be unable to comply with a ____________________________________.

Children may____________________________________with friends at school when

However there is _____________________________ that an elimination diet is as

Current scientific evidence indicates diet should be used

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 6

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 7

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 8

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 9

Now answer question 3

How ADHD can affect young people

ADHD Stimulant safety concerns

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 10

The importance of diet

That is the End of Listening Part B

This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright 11

Ritalin in __&

behavioural _of ADHD. A trial in children__