BASKETBALL

Dr. James Naismith- known world-wide as the inventor of basketball.

YMCA training school in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891- where the sport
of basketball was born.
1970s - 1980s- birth of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), founded in
April 1975.
Backboard- The rectangular or fan-shaped board behind the basket.
Backcourt- The half of the court that is opposite a teams offensive basket; the court
a team is attempting to defend.
Baseline- The boundary line behind each basket; also called the end line.
Blocking- The use of a defenders body position to illegally prevent an opponents
advance; the opposite of charging.
Bounce pass- A pass that strikes the floor before it reaches the receiver.
Center- Also called the pivot player; an offensive position typically played by a tall
player who plays mainly in the key areas (at the post).
Center court circle- The circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken.
Chest pass- A two-handed pass thrown from the passers chest in a straight line to
the chest area of the receiver.
Crossover dribble- A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the other
while the dribbler changes directions.
Defense- The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the
opponent from scoring; also a specific pattern of play used by a defending team.
Double dribble- A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two
hands simultaneously or stops dribbling and then dribbles again.
Dribble or dribbling- Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the
floor so that it returns to his/her possession. Its the only legal means by which a
single player may move the ball across the court.
Dunk- When a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws the ball down
into it; an athletic, creative shot used to intimidate opponents.
Elbowing- It is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even
if there is no contact; it is a foul if contact is made.
Flagrant foul- Unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
Foul- A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Game clock- Shows how much time remains in each quarters or halves of games.
Jump ball- The procedure for starting play at the beginning of a game or an overtime
period. The official tosses the ball into the air between the two opponents positioned
at the center-court circle; the two players jump up and try to tap the ball to a
teammate.
Jump shot- A shot that is released after the shooter has jumped into the air.
Layup- A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard
towards the basket.
 Offense- The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of
play that a team uses while attempting to score.
Officials- The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose
penalties for violations and fouls.
Overtime- An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game.
Pivot- A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a spot
on the floor while moving the other foot to adjust the position of the body or to
evade a defensive player.
Rebound- The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
Shot clock- A clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24
seconds in the NBA; in college, 35 seconds for men, 30 seconds for women.
Substitute- A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
3 seconds- A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key for more
than three seconds at a time.
Technical foul- A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that
involves unsportsmanlike conduct by a player, coach or non-player; or a contact foul
committed by a player while the ball is dead.
Timeout- When play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a
team to respond to an injured player or discuss strategy.
Violation- An infringement of the rules thats not a foul. The penalty for a violation is
the awarding of the ball to the opponent.

SKILLS

Dribbling
Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to
move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper
dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your
fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with
both hands.
Shooting
In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop.
This requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the
basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm
extension and lift from the legs. There are different types of shots you need to
learn, including jump shots, layups and free throws.
Running
Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself
running back and forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and
defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid defenders and get
to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself needing to run after
the opponent, especially during fast breaks.
Passing
 Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete
basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who
is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the
difference between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an important
part of a basketball team and usually the ones who set up scoring plays.
Jumping
Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is. Jumping
is involved in offense during the jump ball in the beginning, while taking shots and
sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will need the ability to
jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent
for a rebound also is important.

EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

Court- 94 feet long and 50 feet wide.

The Backboard and Rim- The regulation height above the ground for the rim
(hoop) is 10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in diameter. Backboards are 6 feet
wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall, with the inner square being 24 inches wide
by 18 inches tall.
The 3 Point Line (Arc)- For NBA Basketball Courts the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the
center of the rim on the sides with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches
from the baseline. Past those points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the
center of the rim.
Line Markings- All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in
color.
The Foul Line- For all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of the backboard.
The Key- The key is 12 feet wide, and is the same for all basketball courts. The
backboard extends 4 feet out over the baseline into the key. A half circle of
diameter 6 foot extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the
key.

FOULS

Blocking - When a player uses their body position to prevent their opponent from
advancing.
Charging - When an offensive player runs into a defender who has an established
position.
Elbowing - When a player swings their elbows in an excessive manner and makes
contact with their opponent.
Holding - Using the hands to interfere with or limit an opponent's freedom of
movement.
Illegal Screen - The player setting the screen is still moving when the defender makes
contact with them. This is a form of blocking which prevents the defender from
moving around the screen.
 Hand Check - When a defender intermittently or continuously uses one or both hands
on an opposing player, usually the ball handler.
Holding - Using the hands to interfere with or limit an opponent's freedom of
movement.
Over-the-Back - Jumping on and over the back of an opposing player who is
attempting to rebound the basketball.
Reaching In - When attempting to steal the basketball, the defender extends their arm
and hand and makes contact with the ball handler.
Tripping - When a player uses their foot or leg to cause their opponent to fall or loose
their balance.
Flagrant Foul - A foul committed in an violent and harmful manner.
Intentional Foul - A foul committed on purpose, usually by a defensive player, to stop
the clock or prevent a basket.
Shooting Foul - When a defender makes contact with an offensive player who is in the
act of shooting the basketball.
Technical Foul - Violations and misconduct that are detrimental to the game. These
are penalized by free-throw opportunities.