CIPS N DCVG

NACE ECDA
Seminar
External corrosion
Direct Assessment
Seminar
Houston 2009
A Spectra Energy Company

NACE ECDA
Seminar
ECDA Clean Data

&
D.E. Success Rate
NACE ECDA Seminar Houston 2009
Agenda
Union Gas (A Spectra Energy company)

ECDA Step Overview
Indirect Inspection - Clean Data
Direct Examination Success
Questions?
Union Gas Ltd.

Transmission, Distribution, and Storage
Transmission integrity program per
Canadian Regulations
Utilizes ILI and ECDA
ECDA
Started in 2004
To date 34 pipelines (or partial pipelines)
and 142 DE (111 excavations)
ECDA Steps Overview

Pre-Assessment
Indirect Inspection
Direct Examination
Post Assessment
Note:
Excellence in Data
Accountability Steps 1-4
Indirect Inspection Clean Data
Influence testing
CIPS / DCVG (ACVG)
AC Attenuation
Soil Resistivity
AC Voltage
Indirect Inspection
Influence Testing
Line needs to be clean
All influencing rectifiers are simultaneously
interrupted
No dynamic stray currents (tellurics)
Checking that the Line is Clean

Record a waveform during the OFF cycle
and search for single-phase and three-phase
rectifiers fingerprints.
Install recorders for tellurics
Check for obvious false OFF potentials
Assess the magnitude of lateral gradient in
Off cycle
Complete telluric compensation as required
Waveform
(As Captured by a Field Oscilloscope - OFF Cycle)
Frequency Spectrum
(As Displayed by the Instrument)
Spectrum Analysis
1800
1620
1600
1400
1200
Amplitude (mV)
1200
1000
800
600
400 340
270
200
0
DC 60 Hz 120 Hz 180 Hz
Frequency
DC Component Matches survey value

60 Hz Component Filtered by the survey equipment
Spectrum Analysis
1800
1620
1600
1400
1200
Amplitude (mV)
1200
1000
800
600
400 340
270
200
0
DC 60 Hz 120 Hz 180 Hz
Frequency
120 Hz Component Fingerprint of a single-phase rectifier

left ON or out of sync. With a 270 mV value, the line is not
clean.
Spectrum Analysis
1800
1620
1600
1400
1200
Amplitude (mV)
1200
1000
800
600
400 340
270
200
0
DC 60 Hz 120 Hz 180 Hz
Frequency
180 Hz component - Fingerprint of a three-phase rectifier left

ON or out of sync and/or harmonics of 60 Hz. A 340mV
value versus 1620 mV 60 Hz is probably a harmonic.
Tellurics
CIPS Data. As Measured.
-2500
To TB at Rd. 2
To TB6
-2000
Potential (mV)
-1500
-1000
-500
0
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
Chainage (m)
ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion

Tellurics
CIPS Data. Tellurically Compensated.
-2500
To TB at Rd. 2
To TB6
-2000
Potential (mV)
-1500
-1000
-500
0
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
Chainage (m)

Problems During Indirect Inspections

Interrupter Failure (Telluric Record at Remote TP)
-2000
-1800
-1600
-1400
Potential (mV)
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
0.65625 0.66125 0.66625 0.67125 0.67625
Time (GMT)
OFF Potential ON Potential

High Contact Resistance
( CIPS in Northern Ontario)
-2500
-2000
Potential (mV)
-1500
-1000 Severe CIPS Indication
-500
Rock
0
1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920
Chainage (m)


High Contact Resistance
V
Vmeas
Rc
1
RV
When the contact resistance (Rc) is within the same range as
the internal resistance of the voltmeter (Rc), the measured
value would be only half of the real potential.

Double-reading Survey
-2500
-2000
Potential (mV)
-1500
Real CIPS Indication
-1000
-500
0
1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890
Chainage (m)
True OFF Potential Measured OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion
The area was surveyed twice (once using a 1M spoiler) and

the true potential was calculated using simple math.

Low Shifts during DCVG Survey
(CIPS/DCVG in Northern Ontario)
-1400 120
-1200 100
-1000 80
Potential (mV)
Gradient (mV)
-800 60
46.5%IR
59.5%iR
27.2%IR
-600 40
26.8%IR
19.2%IR
-400 20
89.9%IR
-200 0
0 -20
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
Chainage (m)
ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion Lateral Gradient @ 3m


Direct Measurements
GOL RE
% IR
VRE
To validate the calculated %IR, we measured both the

lateral gradient and the pipe-to-soil potential to
remote earth

100%
Validation Results
95.0%
89.9%
90%
Measured Calculated
80%
70%
63.0%
59.5%
60%
%IR
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1101.6 1485.7
Chainage (m)
The results show a very good match.


DE Results (Photo)
Extended Coating Damage at Chainage 1101.6


DE Results (Coating Inspection
0m 1m 2m N
12:00
1:00
Map)
FACTORY
0.5 1.5
12:00
1:00
APPLIED
2:00 COAL 2:00
TAR
3:00 3:00
4:00 4:00
5:00 5:00
BARE PIPE &
FACTORY APPLIED
6:00 DISBONDED COATING 6:00
COAL TAR
(SEE NOTE)
7:00 7:00
8:00 8:00
9:00 9:00
Very Poor
10:00 Adhesion 10:00
Very
11:00 Poor 11:00
Adhesion
Ch. 1100.5m Ch. 1102.8m
Note: Part of the disbonded coating came off during excavation. The entire coating was removed.
LEGEND
Disbonded Coating Bare Pipe & Disbonbed Coating Unexcavated


Coating Quality Under New Asphalt
(No Permission to Drill Holes)
1000
900
800 DCVG Surveyed Area Asphalted Parking Lot
700 Rate of Loss: 10.74 dB/km Rate of Loss: 8.57 dB/km
600
Signal (mA)
500
400
300
200
100
0
5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850
Chainage (m)
AC Attenuation. Rate of Loss.

Indirect Inspection
Criteria for identification of indications
Criteria for classification of indications
Direct Examination
Prioritization
Select D.E. sites
Flag:
How well we do on DE?
Need to predict what we expected to find!
Prioritization Table Sample

DC Interference (DCI)
DC Voltage Close Interval
Gradient Potential Survey SV MD MN NI
Indication Indication
5 6 7 8
CIPS-SV 1 I I I I
DCVG-SV CIPS-MD 2 I S S S
CIPS-MN 3 I S S S
CIPS-SV 4 I I I S
DCVG-MD CIPS-MD 5 I S S S
CIPS-MN 6 I S M M
Prioritization Table (Contd)

DC Interference (DCI)
DC Voltage Close Interval
Gradient Potential Survey SV MD MN NI
Indication Indication
5 6 7 8
CIPS-SV 10 I S S S
DCVG-BT CIPS-MD 11 I S M M
CIPS-MN 12 I S M N
CIPS-SV 13 I* N N N
DCVG-NI CIPS-MD 14 I* N N N
CIPS-MN 15 I* N N N
* Consider excavating a short section of line under severe risk of

external corrosion, even if DCVG indications were not found.
Direct Examination Success
Expectation of findings from the predictions

(for each DE)
Actual findings from each DE excavation
Compared the predictions to the actual
findings
Direct Examination - Prediction
Coating Condition and Metal Loss

(Only two areas to predict)
Relatively simple, straight forward
statements in ECDA reports
Variety of terms used in the reports to
describe the severity of each area on 122
recommended sites
Direct Examination - Findings

Detailed findings documented by
measurements & photos for each area in the
reports
Again a variety of descriptive terms used
Direct Examination - Comparison

Categorized and scaled the descriptive
terms used from both coatings and metal
loss
Done for both predictions and findings
Made relative evaluations within and
between all categorizations
Small holidays / minor holidays
Success
DE Descriptor Expectation Finding
Rate
DE#2. 8" Augusta Lateral

- Minor holidays - Four very small holidays (jeep indications) (two pinholes, 0.5x0.1cm, 0.2cm diameter) 90
Ch. 4504.70 m
- Eight very small holidays (jeep indications) (two 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.8cm, 1cm
diameters; 0.4x0.2cm, 1.0x0.5cm, 1.3x0.5cm)
- Some of the jeep indications appeared fresh and may be the result of probing the line
DE#2 during excavation
- Minor holidays 100
Ch. 1009.40 m
- Five of the jeep indications were on the longitudinal weld
DE#5 - One small holiday (5cm diameter) and nine very small holidays (jeep indications) (0.1
- Small holidays 100
Ch. 3896.40 m to 0.5cm diameter dents, 0.5x0.1cm scratch)
DE#4
- Five "minor" coating holidays (3cm, 4cm, and three 5cm diameters) in field applied
Ch. 1454.90 m - Minor holidays 100
Denso tape, 20-30% damaged
(Validation with indication)
- Eight very small holidays (jeep indications) covered by calcareous deposits (3cm,
6cm, 6cm, 10cm, 10cm, 15cm diameters; 10x3cm, 30x20cm)
- Extent of coating damage could not be measured due to adherent calcareous
coverage
DE#1
- Minor holidays 100
Ch. 256.60 m
- Spot of poor adhesion (1-2cm dia.) was found at jeep indication with largest deposit
Direct Examination - Comparison
For each Direct Examination

Compared coating expectation to finding
Compared metal loss expectation to finding
Scored the comparison by %
Averaged the two % comparison
Direct Examination - Results
Prediction vs. Finding

4 years (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
27 pipelines
122 DE (some validation)
Approx 4 DE = n/a
Overall success rate of 95%
Questions?
Questions?

CIPS N DCVG

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NACE ECDA

A Spectra Energy Company

ECDA Clean Data

Union Gas (A Spectra Energy company)

Union Gas Ltd.

ECDA Steps Overview

Indirect Inspection Clean Data

Checking that the Line is Clean

DC Component Matches survey value

120 Hz Component Fingerprint of a single-phase rectifier

180 Hz component - Fingerprint of a three-phase rectifier left

ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion

ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion

Problems During Indirect Inspections

Problems During Indirect Inspections

-1000 Severe CIPS Indication

ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion

Problems During Indirect Inspections

Problems During Indirect Inspections

True OFF Potential Measured OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion

The area was surveyed twice (once using a 1M spoiler) and

Problems During Indirect Inspections

ON Potential OFF Potential -1000 mV Criterion Lateral Gradient @ 3m

Problems During Indirect Inspections

To validate the calculated %IR, we measured both the

Problems During Indirect Inspections

The results show a very good match.

Problems During Indirect Inspections

Extended Coating Damage at Chainage 1101.6

Problems During Indirect Inspections

Ch. 1100.5m Ch. 1102.8m

Disbonded Coating Bare Pipe & Disbonbed Coating Unexcavated

Problems During Indirect Inspections

800 DCVG Surveyed Area Asphalted Parking Lot

700 Rate of Loss: 10.74 dB/km Rate of Loss: 8.57 dB/km

AC Attenuation. Rate of Loss.

Prioritization Table Sample

Prioritization Table (Contd)

* Consider excavating a short section of line under severe risk of

Direct Examination Success

Expectation of findings from the predictions

Direct Examination - Prediction

Coating Condition and Metal Loss

Direct Examination - Findings

Coating Condition and Metal Loss

Direct Examination - Comparison

Coating Condition and Metal Loss

DE#2. 8" Augusta Lateral

- Five of the jeep indications were on the longitudinal weld

Direct Examination - Comparison

For each Direct Examination

Direct Examination - Results

Prediction vs. Finding

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