తెలుగు వర్ణమాల - TELUGU LEARNING KIT MODULE

`Q =~=
Telugu Alphabet
Telugu Learning Kit

Module 1
C P Brown Academy
The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad
www.mohanpublications.com
Foreword
-
The Module-1, Telugu Varnamala,
. is intended to help the Telugu
speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of
linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this
book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels,
consonants, gunintamulu
. and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu.
The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its
pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics.
For instance, the symbol a stands for the Telugu letter J that sounds
like o as in the word come. Let us take another example. The symbol
c stands for the Telugu letter K that sounds like ch as in the word
church. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to
help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English.
The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice
to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily.
We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to
pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter
in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the
Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to
the learners.
Enjoy!
SS Prabhakar Rao
`Q =~=
TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels (JK
: Acculu)

* a a i i
J P W D
come far bit feel

u u ru
. ru
.
L T | |
wood cool .rusi. root
.lu .lu e e ai
look
Z U S loop get stake mite
o o au
X F B rotate oat out
am
. ah.
JO J some half
* a stands for J and sounds like o as in come. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.
4
Consonants ( : Hallulu)
36 Characters
.
*
k kh g gh n
H Y Q
silk -
khaki go ghost
V prajna
.
.c
c ch .j j
K K K [
-
.capa church witch -
.jabili
[ jug
~
jh n
~ & -
jhansi ~
sanjna
t. th
. d. dh
. n.
@ ~ _ _
take
.
-
nilakantha
. bird - -
asadha
. .
} -
prana
.
t th d dh n
` ^ ^ ^
tabala thumb though -
dhoti
# nature
* k stands for H and sounds like k as in silk. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.
5
p ph b bh m
| =
cup phone bat bharat month
y r l l.
~
young rust lump -- -
kalimata
.
v s s. s
= +
levy -
sastry ship sun
h ksh r.
H home raksha error
Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

( L
H~ :: Ubhayaksharalu)
(# = O Sunna) (J~ # = Arasunna) (q~ = - Visarga)

Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

They are
.lu .lu-
K [ |
-
.j ru
.c .
6
JK U qÔ Q "e?
How to write Vowels?

a a
come far

i i
bit feel

u u
wood cool
ru
.
.rusi
.
ru
.
root
7
-
e e
get stake
ai o
mite rotate
- au
o
oat out
am
.
some
ah.
half
8
U qÔ Q "e?
How to write Consonants?
k kh
silk
khaki
g gh
go ghost
.
n
.
prajna
c ch
church witch
j jh
jug
jhansi
~
n
~
sanjna
9
t. th
.

take nilakantha
.
d. dh
.
bird
asadha
. .
n.

prana
.
t th
tabala
thumb
d dh
though
dhoti
n
nature
10
p ph
cup phone
b bh
bat
bharat
m
month
y r
young rust
l l.
lump
kalimata
.
v s

levy sastry

11
s.
ship
sun
home
ksh
raksha
.r
error
12
Symbols of Gunintamulu
.
Telugu Letter Roman Character Symbol How to write
J a
P
a
W i

D i
L u
T u
| ru
.

| ru
.
Z e
U e
S ai
X o
F
o
B au
JO am
.
J ah
.
13
.
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)
'H Q}O`= (ka-Gunintamu)
. 'Y Q}O`= (kha-Gunintamu)
.
Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter
H { J H ka M { J Y kha

H { P H ka Y { P M kha
H { W H ki Y { W d khi

H { D H ki Y { D v khi
H { L ku Y { L Y khu

H { T ku Y { T Y khu
H { | H$ kru
. Y { | Y$ khru
.

H { | H$ kru
. Y { | Y$ khru
.
H { Z H ke Y { Z M khe

H { U H ke Y { U M khe
H { S H kai Y { S M khai
H { X H ko Y { X M kho

H { F H ko Y { F M kho
H { B H kau Y { B M khau
H { JO HO kam
. Y { JO YO kham
.
H { J H kah. Y { J Y khah.
14
Q}O`=(Gunintamulu)
.
'Q Q}O`= (ga-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (gha-Gunintamu)
.
Q { J Q ga { J gha

Q { P Q ga { P gha
Q { W y gi { W ghi

Q { D w gi { D ghi
Q { L Q gu { L ghu

Q { T Q gu { T ghu
Q { | Q$ gru
. { | $ ghru
.

Q { | Q$ gru
. { | $ ghru
.
Q { Z Q ge { Z ghe

Q { U Q ge { U ghe
Q { S Q gai { S ghai
Q { X Q go { X gho

Q { F Q go { F gho
Q { B Q gau { B ghau
Q { JO QO gam
. { JO O gham
.
Q { J Q gah. { J ghah.
15
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'K Q}O`= (ca-Gunintamu)
. 'K Q}O`= (cha-Gunintamu)
.
K { J K ca K { J K cha

K { P K ca K { P K cha
K { W z ci K { W z chi

K { D p ci K { D p chi
K { L K cu K { L K chu

K { T K cu K { T K chu
K { | K$ cru
. K { | K$ chru
.

K { | K$ cru
. K { | K$ chru
.
K { Z K ce K { Z K che

K { U K ce K { U K che
K { S K cai K { S K chai
K { X K co K { X K cho

K { F K co K { F K cho
K { B K cau K { B K chau
K { JO KO cam
. K { JO KO cham
.
K { J K cah. K { J K chah.
16
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'[ Q}O`= (ja Gunintamu)
. '~ Q}O`= (jha Gunintamu)
.
* { J [ ja ~ { J ~ jha

[ { P * ja ~ { P ~ jha
[ { W l ji ~ { W i jhi

[ { D r ji ~ { D s jhi
[ { L A ju ~ { L ~ jhu

[ { T E ju ~ { T ~ jhu
[ { | [$ jru
. ~ { | ~$ jhru
.

[ { | [$ jru
. ~ { | ~$ jhru
.
[ { Z * je ~ { Z ~ jhe

[ { U * je ~ { U ~ jhe
[ { S * jai ~ { S ~ jhai
[ { X * jo ~ { X ~ jho

[ { F * jo ~ { F ~ jho
[ { B * jau ~ { B ~ jhau
[ { JO [O jam
. ~ { JO ~O jham
.
[ { J [ jah. ~ { J ~ jhah.
17
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'@ Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
. . '~ Q}O`= (tha-Gunintamu)
. .
\ { J @ ta
.
~ { J ~ tha
.

@ { P \ ta
.
~ { P ~ tha
.
@ { W \ ti. ~ { W i thi
.

@ { D \ ti. ~ { D s thi
.
@ { L @ .tu ~ { L ~ thu
.

@ { T @ .tu ~ { T ~ thu
.
@ { | @$ .tru
. ~ { | ~$ thru
. .

@ { | @$ .tru
. ~ { | ~$ thru
. .
@ { Z > te
. ~ { Z ~ the
.

@ { U > te
. ~ { U ~ the
.
@ { S > tai
. ~ { S ~ thai
.
@ { X \ to
. ~ { X ~ tho
.

@ { F \ to
. ~ { F ~ tho
.
@ { B \ tau
. ~ { B ~ thau
.
@ { JO @O tam
. . ~ { JO ~O tham
. .
@ { J @ tah
. . ~ { J ~ thah
. .
18
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'_ Q}O`= (da-Gunintamu)
. . '_ Q}O`= (dha-Gunintamu)
. .
_ { J _ da
.
_ { J _ dha
.

_ { P _ da
.
_ { P _ dha
.
_ { W _ di
. _ { W _ dhi
.

_ { D _ di
.
_ { D _ dhi
.
_ { L _ du
. _ { L _ dhu
.

_ { T _ du
. _ { T _ dhu
.
_ { | _$ dru
.. _ { | _$ dhru
. .

_ { | _$ dru
.. _ { | _$ dhru
. .
_ { Z _ de
. _ { Z _ dhe
.

_ { U _ de
.
_ { U _ dhe
.
_ { S _ dai
. _ { S _ dhai
.
_ { X _ do
. _ { X _ dho
.

_ { F _ do
. _ { F _ dho
.
_ { B _ dau
. _ { B _ dhau
.
_ { JO _O dam
. . _ { JO _O dham
. .
_ { J _ dah
. . _ { J _ dhah
. .
19
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'} Q}O`= (na-Gunintamu)
. . '` Q}O`= (ta-Gunintamu)
.
} { J } na
. ` { J ` ta

} { P } na
. ` { P ` ta
} { W } ni
. ` { W u ti

} { D } ni
. ` { D f ti
} { L } nu
. ` { L ` tu

} { T } nu
. ` { T ` tu
} { | }$ nru
.. ` { | `$ tru
.

} { | }$ nru
.. ` { | `$ tru
.
} { Z } ne
. ` { Z ` te

} { U } ne
. ` { U ` te
} { S } nai
. ` { S ` tai
} { X } no
. ` { X ` to

} { F } no
. ` { F ` to
} { B } nau
. ` { B ` tau
} { JO }O nam
. . ` { JO Ò tam
.
} { J } nah
. . ` { J ` tah.
20
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'^ Q}O`= (tha-Gunintamu)
. '^ Q}O`= (da-Gunintamu)
.
^ { J ^ tha ^ { J ^ da

^ { P ^ tha ^ { P ^ da
^ { W k thi ^ { W k di

^ { D n thi ^ { D n di
^ { L ^ thu ^ { L ^ du

^ { T ^ thu ^ { T ^ du
^ { | ^$ thru
. ^ { | ^$ dru
.

^ { | ^$ thru
. ^ { | ^$ dru
.
^ { Z ^ the ^ { Z ^ de

^ { U ^ the ^ { U ^ de
^ { S ^ thai ^ { S ^ dai
^ { X ^ tho ^ { X ^ do

^ { F ^ tho ^ { F ^ do
^ { B ^ thau ^ { B ^ dau
^ { JO Ô tham
.
^ { JO Ô dam
.
^ { J ^ thah. ^ { J ^ dah.
21
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'^ Q}O`= (dha-Gunintamu)
. '# Q}O`= (na-Gunintamu)
.
^ { J ^ dha < { J # na

^ { P ^ dha # { P < na
^ { W k dhi # { W x ni

^ { D n dhi # { D h ni
^ { L ^ dhu # { L # nu

^ { T ^ dhu # { T # nu
^ { | ^$ dhru
. # { | #$ nru
.

^ { | ^$ dhru
. # { | #$ nru
.
^ { Z ^ dhe # { Z < ne

^ { U ^ dhe # { U < ne
^ { S ^ dhai # { S < nai
^ { X ^ dho # { X < no

^ { F ^ dho # { F < no
^ { B ^ dhau # { B < nau
^ { JO Ô dham
.
# { JO #O nam
.
^ { J ^ dhah. # { J # nah.
22
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
' Q}O`= (pa-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (pha-Gunintamu)
.
{ J pa { J pha

{ P pa { P pha
{ W pi { W phi

{ D pi { D phi
{ L pu { L phu

{ T pu { T phu
{ | $ pru
. { | $ phru
.

{ | $ pru
. { | $ phru
.
{ Z pe { Z phe

{ U pe { U phe
{ S pai { S phai
{ X po { X pho

{ F po { F pho
{ B pau { B phau
{ JO O pam
. { JO O pham
.
{ J pah. { J phah.
23
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'| Q}O`= (ba-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (bha-Gunintamu)
.
{ J | ba { J bha

| { P ba { P bha
| { W a bi { W a bhi

| { D c bi { D c bhi
| { L | bu { L bhu

| { T | bu { T bhu
| { | |$ bru
. { | $ bhru
.

| { | |$ bru
. { | $ bhru
.
| { Z be { Z bhe

| { U be { U bhe
| { S bai { S bhai
| { X bo { X bho

| { F bo { F bho
| { B bau { B bhau
| { JO |O bam
. { JO O bham
.
| { J | bah. { J bhah.
24
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'= Q}O`= (ma-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (ya-Gunintamu)
.
" { J = ma { J ya

= { P = ma { P ya
= { W q mi { W ~ yi

= { D g mi { D ~ yi
= { L = mu { L yu

= { T = mu { T yu
= { | =$ mru
. { | $ yru
.

= { | =$ mru
. { | $ yru
.
= { Z " me { Z ye

= { U " me { U ye
= { S " mai { S yai
= { X " mo { X yo

= { F " mo { F yo
= { B = mau { B yau
= { JO =O mam
. { JO O yam
.
= { J = mah. { J yah.
25
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'~ Q}O`= (ra-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (la-Gunintamu)
.
~ { J ~ ra { J la

~ { P ~ ra { P la
~ { W i ri { W e li

~ { D s ri { D b li
~ { L ~ ru { L lu

~ { T ~ ru { T lu
~ { | ~$ rru
. { | $ lru
.

~ { | ~$ rru
. { | $ lru
.
~ { Z ~ re { Z le

~ { U ~ re { U le
~ { S ~ rai { S lai
~ { X ~ ro { X lo

~ { F ~ ro { F lo
~ { B ~ rau { B lau
~ { JO ~O ram
. { JO O lam
.
~ { J ~ rah. { J lah
.
26
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
' Q}O`= (la-Gunintamu)
. . '= Q}O`= (va-Gunintamu)
.
{ J .la " { J = va

{ P .la
= { P " va
{ W o .li
= { W q vi

{ D m .li = { D g vi
{ L .lu
= { L = vu

{ T .lu
= { T = vu
{ | $ .lru
.
= { | =$ vru
.

{ | $ .lru
. = { | =$ vru
.
{ Z .le = { Z " ve

{ U .le = { U " ve
{ S .lai
= { S " vai
{ X .lo
= { X " vo

{ F .lo
= { F " vo
{ B .lau
= { B " vau
{ JO O .lam
. = { JO =O vam
.
{ J .lah.
= { J = vah.
27
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
' Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)

. '+ Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
. .
{ J
sa + { J + sa
.

{ P sa + { P sa
.
{ W t si + { W + si
.

{ D j si + { D + si
.
{ L
su + { L + su
.

{ T su + { T + su
.
{ | $
sru
. + { | +$ sru
..

{ | $ sru
. + { | +$ sru
..
{ Z
se + { Z + se
.

{ U se + { U + se
.
{ S
sai + { S + sai
.
{ X
so + { X so
.
{ F
so + { F so

.
{ B
sau + { B sau
.
{ JO O
sam.
+ { JO +O sam
. .
{ J
sah.
+ { J + sah
. .
28
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
' Q}O`= (sa-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (ha-Gunintamu)
.
{ J sa { J ha

{ P sa { P ha
{ W si { W hi

{ D si { D hi
{ L su { L hu

{ T su { T hu
{ | $ sru
. { | $ hru
.

{ | $ sru
. { | $ hru
.
{ Z se { Z he

{ U se { U he
{ S sai { S hai
{ X so { X ho
{ F so { F
ho
{ B sau { B hau
{ JO O sam. { JO O ham
.
{ J sah. { J hah.
29
Q}O`= (Gunintamulu)
.
'H Q}O`= (ksha-Gunintamu)
. ' Q}O`= (ra-Gunintamu)
. .
H { J H ksha { J .ra

H { P H ksha { P .ra
H { W H kshi { W .ri

H { D H kshi { D .ri
H { L kshu { L ru
.

H { T kshu { T .ru
H { | H$ kshru
. { | $ .rru
.

H { | H$ kshru
. { | $ .rru
.
H { Z H kshe { Z .re

H { U H kshe { U .re
H { S H kshai { S .rai
H { X H ksho { X .ro

H { F H ksho { F .ro
H { B H kshau { B .rau
H { JO HO ksham
. { JO O ram
. .
H { J H kshah. { J .rah.
30
Symbols of Vottulu
k kh g gh
H Y Q

.
n c ch j
V K K [
V
jh ~
n t. th
.
~ & @ ~
~ &
d. dh
. n. t
_ _ } `
_
th d dh n
^ ^ ^ #

p ph b bh
|

m y r l
= ~

.l v s s.
= +

s h ksha ra
.
H
]
31
VOTTULU for ka consonant VOTTULU for kha consonant
'H "` 'Y "`
H kka H kdha Y khka Y khdha
H kkha H kna Y khkha Y khna
H kga H kpa Y khga Y khpa
H kgha H kpha Y khgha Y khpha
H kca H kba Y khca Y khba
H kcha H kbha Y khcha Y khbha
H kja H kma Y khja Y khma
H
~
kjha H kya Y~ khjha Y khya
H kta
. H kra Y khta
. Y khra
H ktha
. H kla Y khtha
. Y khla
H kda
. H kla
. Y khda
. Y khla
.
H kdha
. H kva Y khdha
. Y khva
H kna
. H
ksa Y khna
. Y
khsa
H kta H ksa
. Y khta Y khsa
.
H ktha H ksa Y khtha Y khsa
H kda H kha Y khda Y khha

32
VOTTULU for ga consonant VOTTULU for gha consonant
'Q "` ' "`
Q gka Q gdha ghka ghdha
Q gkha Q gna ghkha ghna
Q gga Q gpa ghga ghpa
Q ggha Q gpha ghgha ghpha
Q gca Q gba ghca ghba
Q gcha Q gbha ghcha ghbha
Q gja Q gma ghja ghma
Q
~
gjha Q gya ~ ghjha ghya
Q gta
. Q gra ghta
. ghra
Q gtha
. Q gla ghtha
. ghla
Q gda
. Q gla
. ghda
. ghla
.
Q gdha
. Q gva ghdha
. ghva
Q gna
. Q
gsa ghna
.
ghsa
Q gta Q gsa
.
ghta ghsa
.
Q gtha Q gsa ghtha ghsa
Q gda Q gha ghda ghha

33
VOTTULU for ca consonant VOTTULU for cha consonant
'K "` 'K "`
K cka K cdha K chka K chdha
K ckha K cna K chkha K chna
K cga K cpa K chga K chpa
K cgha K cpha K chgha K chpha
K cca K cba K chca K chba
K ccha K cbha K chcha K chbha
K cja K cma K chja K chma
K~ chjha K cya K~ chjha K chya
K cta
. K cra K chta
. K chra
K ctha
. K cla K chtha
. K chla
K cda
. K cla
. K chda
. K chla
.
K cdha
. K cva K chdha
. K chva
K chna
. K
csa K chna
. K
chsa
K cta K csa
. K chta K chsa
.
K ctha K csa K chtha K chsa
K cda K cha K chda K chha

34
VOTTULU for ja consonant VOTTULU for jha consonant
'[ "` '~ "`
[ jka [ jdha ~ jhka ~ jhdha
[ jkha [ jna ~ jhkha ~ jhna
[ jga [ jpa ~ jhga ~ jhpa
[ jgha [ jpha ~ jhgha ~ jhpha
[ jca [ jba ~ jhca ~ jhba
[ jcha [ jbha ~ jhcha ~ jhbha
[ jja [ jma ~ jhja ~ jhma
[~ jjha [ jya ~~ jhjha ~ jhya
[ jta
. [ jra ~ jhta
. ~ jhra
[ jtha
. [ jla ~ jhtha
. ~ jhla
[ jda
. [ jla
. ~ jhda
. ~ jhla
.
[ jdha
. [ jva ~ jhdha
. ~ jhva
[ jna
. [
jsa ~ jhna
. ~
jhsa
[ jta [ jsa
. ~ jhta ~ jhsa
.
[ jtha [ jsa ~ jhtha ~ jhsa
[ jda [ jha ~ jhda ~ jhha

35
VOTTULU for ta
. consonant VOTTULU for tha
. consonant
'@ "` '~ "`
@ tka
. @ tdha
. ~ .thka ~ thdha
.
@ .tkha @ .tna ~ .thkha ~ thna

.
@ tga
. @ .tpa ~ .thga ~ thpa
.
@ .tgha @ .tpha ~ .thgha ~ thpha

.
@ tca
. @ .tba ~ thca
. ~ thba
.
@ tcha
. @ tbha
. ~ thcha
. ~ thbha
.
@ .tja @ tma
. ~ .thja ~ thma
.
@
~
.tjha @ .tya ~
~
thjha
. ~ thya
.
@ .tta
. @ tra
. ~ thta
. . ~ thra
.
@ ttha
.. @ .tla ~ .ththa
. ~ thla
.
@ tda
.. @ .tla
. ~ .thda
. ~ thla
..
@ tdha
.. @ .tva ~ thdha
. . ~ thva
.
@ tna
.. @
tsa
. ~ thna
. . ~ .
thsa
@ tta
. @ tsa
.. ~ thta
. ~ thsa
. .
@ ttha
. @ tsa
. ~ ththa
. ~ thsa
.
@ tda
. @ tha
. ~ thda
. ~ thha
.
36
VOTTULU for da
. consonant VOTTULU for dha
. consonant
'_ "` '_ "`
_ dka
.
_ ddha
. _ dhka
. _ dhdha
.
_ dkha
.
_ dna
. _ dhkha
.
_ dhna
.
_ dga
.
_ dpa
. _ dhga
. _ dhpa
.
_ dgha
.
_ dpha
. _ dhgha
.
_ dhpha
.
_ dca
.
_ dba
. _ dhca
.
_ dhba
.
_ dcha
.
_ dbha
. _ dhcha
. _ dhbha
.
_ dja
.
_ dma
. _ dhja
.
_ dhma
.
_~ djha
.
_ dya
. _~ dhjha
.
_ dhya
.
_ dta
..
_ dra
. _ dhta
. .
_ dhra
.
_ dtha
..
_ dla
. _ dhtha
. . _ dhla
.
_ dda
.. _ dla
.. _ dhda
. .
_ dhla
. .
_ ddha
.. _ dva
. _ dhdha
. . _ dhva
.
_ dna
..
_ .

dsa _ dhna
. . _
dhsa
.
_ dta
.
_ dsa
.. _ dhta
. _ dhsa
. .
_ dtha
.
_ dsa
. _ dhtha
.
_ dhsa
.
_ dda
.
_ dha
. _ dhda
.
_ dhha
.
37
VOTTULU for ta consonant VOTTULU for tha consonant
'` "` '^ "`
` tka ` tdha ^ thka ^ thdha
` tkha ` tna ^ thkha ^ thna
` tga ` tpa ^ thga ^ thpa
` tgha ` tpha ^ thgha ^ thpha
` tca ` tba ^ thca ^ thba
` tcha ` tbha ^ thcha ^ thbha
` tja ` tma ^ thja ^ thma
` tjha ` tya ^~ thjha ^ thya

~
` tta ` tra ^ thta

. ^ thra
.
` ttha ` tla ^ ththa

. ^ thla
.
` tda ` tla
. ^ thda
. ^ thla
.
.
` tdha ` tva ^ thdha

. ^ thva
.
` tna `
tsa ^ thna
. ^
thsa
.
` tta ` tsa
.
^ thta ^ thsa
.
` ttha ` tsa ^ ththa ^ thsa
` tda ` tha ^ thda ^ thha

38
VOTTULU for da consonant VOTTULU for dha consonant
'^ "` '^ "`
^ dka ^ ddha ^ dhka ^ dhdha
^ dkha ^ dna ^ dhkha ^ dhna
^ dga ^ dpa ^ dhga ^ dhpa
^ dgha ^ dpha ^ dhgha ^ dhpha
^ dca ^ dba ^ dhca ^ dhba
^ dcha ^ dbha ^ dhcha ^ dhbha
^ dja ^ dma ^ dhja ^ dhma
^~ djha ^ dya ^~ dhjha ^ dhya
^ dta
. ^ dra ^ dhta
. ^ dhra
^ dtha
. ^ dla ^ dhtha
. ^ dhla
^ dda
. ^ dla
. ^ dhda
.
^ dhla
.
^ ddha
. ^ dva ^ dhdha
.
^ dhva
^ dna
. ^
dsa ^ dhna
. ^
dhsa
^ dta ^ dsa
. ^ dhta ^ dhsa
.
^ dtha ^ dsa ^ dhtha ^ dhsa
^ dda ^ dha ^ dhda ^ dhha

39
VOTTULU for na consonant VOTTULU for pa consonant
'# "` ' "`
# nka # ndha pka pdha
# nkha # nna pkha pna
# nga # npa pga ppa
# ngha # npha pgha ppha
# nca # nba pca pba
# ncha # nbha pcha pbha
# nja # nma pja pma
#~ njha # nya
~
pjha pya
# nta
. # nra pta
. pra
# ntha
. # nla ptha
. pla
# nda
. # nla
. pda
. pla
.
# ndha
. # nva pdha
. pva
# nna
. #
nsa pna
.
psa
# nta # nsa
. pta psa
.
# ntha # nsa ptha psa
# nda # nha pda pha

40
VOTTULU for pha consonant VOTTULU for ba consonant
' "` '| "`
phka phdha | bka | bdha
phkha phna | bkha | bna
phga phpa | bga | bpa
phgha phpha | bgha | bpha
phca phba | bca | bba
phcha phbha | bcha | bbha
phja phma | bja | bma
phjha phya |~ bjha | bya

~
phta
. phra | bta
. | bra
phtha
. phla | btha
. | bla
phda
. phla
.
| bda
. | bla
.
phdha
. phva | bdha
. | bva
phna
.
phsa | bna
. |
bsa
phta phsa
.
| bta | bsa
.
phtha phsa | btha | bsa
phda phha | bda | bha

41
VOTTULU for bha consonant VOTTULU for ma consonant
' "` '= "`
bhka bhdha = mka = mdha
bhkha bhna = mkha = mna
bhga bhpa = mga = mpa
bhgha bhpha = mgha = mpha
bhca bhba = mca = mba
bhcha bhbha = mcha = mbha
bhja bhma = mja = mma
~ bhjha bhya =
~
mjha = mya
bhta
. bhra = mta
. = mra
bhtha
. bhla = mtha
. = mla
bhda
. bhla
. = mda
. = mla
.
bhdha
. bhva = mdha
. = mva
bhna
.
bhsa = mna
. =
msa
bhta bhsa
. = mta = msa
.
bhtha bhsa = mtha = msa
bhda bhha = mda = mha

42
VOTTULU for ya consonant VOTTULU for ra consonant
' "` '~ "`
yka ydha ~ rka ~ rdha
ykha yna ~ rkha ~ rna
yga ypa ~ rga ~ rpa
ygha ypha ~ rgha ~ rpha
yca ypba ~ rca ~ rba
ycha ybha ~ rcha ~ rbha
yja yma ~ rja ~ rma
~ yjha yya ~~ rjha ~ rya
yta
. yra ~ rta
. ~ rra
ytha
. yla ~ rtha
. ~ rla
yda
. yla
. ~ rda
. ~ rla
.
ydha
. yva ~ rdha
. ~ rva
yna
.
ysa ~ rna
. ~
rsa
yta ysa
. ~ rta ~ rsa
.
ytha ysa ~ rtha ~ rsa
yda yha ~ rda ~ rha

43
VOTTULU for la consonant VOTTULU for la
. consonant
' "` ' "`
lka ldha .lka .ldha
lkha lna .lkha .lna
lga lpa .lga .lpa
lgha lpha .lgha .lpha
lca lba .lca .lba
lcha lbha .lcha .lbha
lja lma .lja .lma

~
ljha lya
~
.ljha .lya
lta
. lra .lta
. .lra
ltha
. lla .ltha
. .lla
lda
. lla
. .lda
. .lla
.
ldha
. lva .ldha
. .lva
lna
.
lsa .lna
.
.lsa
lta lsa
.
.lta .lsa
.
ltha lsa .ltha .lsa
lda lha .lda .lha

44
VOTTULU for va consonant
VOTTULU for sa consonant
'= "` ' "`
= vka = vdha
ska
sdha
= vkha = vna
skha
sna
= vga = vpa
sga
spa
= vgha = vpha
sgha
spha
= vca = vba
sca
sba
= vcha = vbha
scha
sbha
= vja = vma
sja
sma
=~ vjha = vya
~

sjha
sya
= vta
. = vra
sta
.
sra
= vtha
. = vla
stha
.
sla
= vda
. = vla
.
sda.
sla
.
= vdha
. = vva
sdha
.
sva
= vna
. =
vsa
sna
.
ssa
= vta = vsa
.
sta
ssa
.
= vtha = vsa
stha
ssa
= vda = vha
sda
sha
45
VOTTULU for sa
. consonant VOTTULU for sa consonant
'+ "` ' "`
+ ska
. + sdha
. ska sdha
+ skha
. + sna
. skha sna
+ sga
. + spa
. sga spa
+ sgha
. + spha
. sgha spha
+ sca
. + sba
. sca sba
+ scha
. + sbha
. scha sbha
+ sja
. + sma
. sja sma
+
~
sjha
. + sya
. ~ sjha sya
+ .sta
. + sra
. sta
. sra
+ stha
.. + sla
. stha
. sla
+ sda
.. + sla
.. sda
. sla
.
+ sdha
.. + sva
. sdha
. sva
+ sna
.. + .
ssa sna
.
ssa
+ sta
. + ssa
.. sta ssa
.
+ stha
. + ssa
. stha ssa
+ sda
. + sha
. sda sha
46
VOTTULU for ha consonant
' "`
hka hta
.
hdha hra
hkha htha
.
hna hla
hga hda
.
hpa hla
.
hgha hdha
.
hpha hva
hca hna
.
hba
hsa
hcha hta hbha hsa

.
hja htha hma hsa
~ hjha hda hya hha
Q=xH
V,&,}, H, D JH~ "`
Z=Q "_H =
H|\ g\H O|OkOz# k`H~ # W=^ .
NOTE
The vowel- consonant clusters for the Telugu letters viz.,
. ~
n, n, n,
. ksha, r. are not given since they are not
in much usage.
47
Just try for yourself!
Write all the Vowels in Series

J JO
Write all the Consonants in Series
Write Gunintamulu
. for ha ()
Write Vottulu for bh ()
48
facebook / MOHAN PUBLICATIONS
4 4
`Q |=
Telugu Vocabulary
Telugu Learning Kit

Module 2
C P Brown Academy
4 The Alpha Foundation
Hyderabad, India 4
1
4 Preface 4
Language, in a sense, is mans culminating cultural instrument. It is a social
institution. It is an expression of human spirit. Every language has its own set of
vocabulary. And every word has its own sound. Indeed, words are more than sounds
they emote bhava- in the listener. For poets, words are vennelalo- -adukone- andamaina
.
-.
adapillalu beauteous belles playing about under the moonlight.
Words are the accepted vehicles of new things, new ideas, new attitudes, or new
points of view. Every practitioner of a language must acquire a fair understanding of
words. No matter even if it is ones mother-tongue, one can enjoy it more, only if he
or she could see it from the inside looking at the words with a feeling for them. This
becomes feasible only when one knows what the symbol, the sound, the word stands
for.
And that is what this module aims at. It enables you to master the Telugu words
through Roman script all by yourself. This module launches you on the path of
reading and writing Telugu words. It starts with two-lettered words graduating into
multi-lettered words. This module is aimed at helping you learn to read Telugu words
with an artists eye.
It is hoped that by going through the module you would cultivate a better appreciation
for your language. This shall make words look more than mere sounds. Once you
cultivate this art of looking at words from inside, they no longer remain as mere
denotations of emotions. They will rather voice emotions. It is only then that the
language becomes yours. It then simply becomes innate. Talking in Telugu then
becomes a jingling of the beauteous belles.
Once the taste is cultivated for your language the sound and the feelings that the
words emote you are sure to be swayed by a newfound urge to learn more complex
words and start conversation in Telugu all with ease. If this happens, we shall feel
that this initiative of C P Brown Academy has achieved its objective.
Nonetheless, a book, just as a good teacher, can at best, direct, aid and encourage a
learner but it is his or her effort that alone can make learning happen.
We solicit feedback from the readers for making the module more learner-friendly.
4 GRK Murty
4
3
4 Transliteration Scheme of Telugu Alphabet 4

Vowels (JK: Acculu)
J P
W D

L T
a a i i u u
* * *
| |

Z U
.ru ru
. .lu .lu e e
S X F

B JO * J
ai o o au am. ah.
Consonants ( : Hallulu)
H Y Q V V.
k kh g gh n
K K [ ~ &
~
c ch j jh n
@ ~ _ _ }
t. t.h d. dh
. n.
` ^ ^ ^ #
t th d dh n
| =
p ph b bh m
~ =
y r l l. v
+ H
4 s s. s
* Not in common use.

h ksh r.
4
4
4 -
Sachitra Aksharamala 4
z` JH~ =

Alphabet with Illustrations
a
J amma
J=
mother
a
P -
avu
P=
cow
i
W illu
4 W 4
house
5
4D
i -iga 4
DQ
fly
u
.
L uduta
.
L_`
squirrel
u
T -uyala
T
cradle
ru
. rusi
| . .
4 |+ 4
sage
6
4Z
e eluka 4
ZH
rat
e -
enugu
U
U#Q
elephant
ai
aidu
S
S^
five
o
onte
X .
4
XO> 4
camel
7
4F
o oda
. 4
F_
ship
au
ausadhamu
B .
B+^=
medicine
am .
JO ambaramu
JO|~=
sky
ah . duhkhamu
J .
4 ^Y= 4
grief
8
4H
ka
kanki 4
HOH
spike
kha
Y khadgamu
.
Y_=
sword
ga
gampa
Q
QO
basket
gha
ghatamu
.
4 @=
vessel
4
9
4.V
n - .
vanmayamu 4
"V=
literature
ca
K cali
Ke
chill
cha
K chatramu
K`=
umbrella
ja
[ jada
.
4 [_ 4
plait
10
4~
jha
jhasamu
. 4
~+=
fish
~
n
~
& yajnamu
[=
ritual
ta
. tapa
@ .
@
post
tha
.
~ kanthamu
.
4 HO~= 4
throat
11
4._
da
dabba
. 4
_
box
dha
. dhanka
.
_
_OH
drum
n
. vina
.
}
g}
musical instrument
ta
tala
`
4 ` 4
head
12
4^
tha rathamu 4
~^=
chariot
da danda
.
^
Ô_
garland
dha
^ dhanussu
^#
bow
na
# natta
4
#` 4
snail
13
4
pa
palaka 4
H
slate
pha
phalamu

=
fruit
ba
bandi
| .
|O_
cart
bha
bhatudu
. .

4
@_ 4
soldier
14
4=
ma manta
. 4
=O@
flame
ya
yantramu
O`=
machine
ra
ratnamu
~
~`=
gem
la
lata

4 ` 4
creeper
15
4.
la talamu
. 4
`=
lock
va
vala
=
=
net

sa
sankhamu

OY=
conch
sa
. mesamu
.
+
4 "+=
goat
4
16
4
sa sanci 4
Oz
bag
ha
hamsa

O
swan
ksh
vrukshamu
.
H
=$H=
tree
ra
. rampamu
.

4 O= 4
saw
17
4 Padamula Paricayamu - ^= iK =
- Introduction to Words
4
ala ara
J
wave
J~
shelf
-
adavi
. anasa
J_q
forest
J<
pine apple
arati. alasata
. anumati
J~\ J@ J#=u
tiresome permission
plantain
- - -
a t.a aru akulu
P@ P~ P
leaves
game six
- -
akali a s a
PHe P
desire
hunger
- - -
akasamu alayamu
4PH= P= temple
sky 4
18
4 4
ila inti
W
earth
WOu
lady
isuka inumu
WH
sand
W#=
iron
- ivatala
ituka
. itivala
.
W@H W\= W=`
recently this side
brick
- - -
ita ikalu ite
.
D`
swim
DH
feathers
D>
spear
- - -
i n a d. u i s u d. u
D<_ D_
today God Siva
- - -
itacettu
.. ilapata
.
D`K@ D@
4
toddy tree whistling
4
19
4 uli ukku
4
Le L
chistle steel
urumu ulavalu
L~= L=
thunder horsegram
utuku
L` udayamu
wash L^=
morning
-
- u d. a l u
u- r u u t.a
T~ T@ T_
ariel roots
village spring
-
upiri -
uha
Ti T
breath guess
- - -
uragaya u r a d. i m p u
T~Q T~_O
4
pickle consolation
4
20
4 4
.rusi. rukku
.
|+ |
sage mantra
.rujuvu .rutuvu
|A= |`=
proof season
.rusabhamu
. .runamu
.
|+= |}=
bull debt
era eguru emuka
Z~ ZQ~ Z=H
bone
bait fly
-
edari
. erupu
Z_i
desert
Z~
red
egumati ekaramu
ZQ=u ZH~=
4
export acre of land 4
21
4 -
eru
-
enugu
4
U~ U#Q
elephant
river
- -
elika eruta
.
UeH U~@
picking up
ruler
- - - -
edu
. etavalu
. elakulu
U_ U@" U
slant cardamom
seven
- aikyata - -
aite aidu rupayalu
S` SH` S^ ~
but unity five rupees
a i s w a r y a m u
S~=
wealth
aihikamu -
airavatamu
SH= S~=`=
4
worldliness white elephant 4
22
4 onte odi
4
. .
XO>
camel
X_
lap
odugu okadu
.
X^Q XH_
adjust one man
-
okati. ontarivadu
. . oripidi
.
XH\ XO@i"_ Xi_
lonely person friction
one
-
o t.a m i
-
opu o- t.u
F@q F F@
vote
defeat bear
- -
opika o s. a d h i
FH
patience
F+k
medicine
- - - -
o d. a r e v u onamalu
4F_~= F#=
harbour alphabet 4
23
4 aunu
-
aura
4
B#
yes
B~
is it
aucityamu
Bz`=
aptness
-
audaryamu
autu
.
B@ B^~=
magnanimity
bomb
- ancu
anta andamu
JO` JO^= JOK
border
whole beauty
antamu ankitamu
JO`= JOH`=
end dedication
ambujamu
JO|[=
4 lotus 4
24
4 .
antahsatruvu
4
JO``=
internal enemy
antahkaranamu
. .
JO`H~}=
inner activity
-
antahkonamu
antahpuramu
. . .
JO`~= JO`H}=
inner angle
inner chamber
kanda kalamu k a d. a v a
HO^ H= H_=
pot
yam pen
kadali
. k a d. u p u
H_e
sea
H_
stomach
kanakamu kavalalu
H#H= H=
4gold twins 4
25
4 -
kharidu
4
kharamu
Y~= Ys^
price
ass
-
khagamu kharjuramu
YQ= Y~~=
bird date
khani khanijamu
Yx
mine
Yx[=
mineral
gadi g a d. a p a gada
Qk Q_ Q^
room threshold club
garika gajamu
QiH
grass
Q[=
elephant
g a r a.l a m u gaganamu
Q~= QQ#=
4
poison sky
4
26
4 ghatana
. ghanamu 4
@# #=
incident solid
ghallumanu
=#
ringing
- -
ghantaravam ghatikudu gharsanamu
. . . . .
O\~=O \_ ~}=
capable person friction
sound of the bell
.
v a- n m a y i
. "V~
v a- n m a y a m u Goddess Saraswati
"V=
literature
-. -
v a n m a y a k a r u d. u
"VH~_
litterateur
4 4
27
4 -
4
cali caku
Ke
chill
K
pen knife
candanamu caduvu
KO^#= K^= read
sandalwood
cakramu -
campakamu cakoramu
KH= KOH= KH~=
wheel flower square
-
chaya
chandassu chatrapati
KO^ Kù K
prosody -
sivaji shadow
-
chalokti
KH
repartee
-
chatrakamu
K`H=
4 mushroom
4
28
4 -
jama jalamu
4
*=
guava
[=
water
jayamu
[=
triumph
jata jagadamu
. jananamu
[`
pair
[Q_= [##=
quarrel birth
-
jhankaramu
-
jhamu jhasamu
. ~OH~=
~=
time
~+=
fish
humming
jharamu jhanjha
~~= ~O~
mountain storm
4
stream
4
29
4 ~
sanjna
4
O[
symbol
~-
jnanam
*#=
knowledge
- ~ ~-
ajna vijnapana
P[ q*#
command request
- - -
tapa
. takku
. tapakayalu
.
@
post
@
trick
@H
crackers
takkari
.
@Hi
cunning fellow
-
tankasala
.
@OH
4 mint 4
30
4 - -
thana
-
thivi
.
4
. .
~}
police station
sq
style
- -
mithayi
. .
pathasala
q~~ ~
sweet school
-
pathamu
. kanthamu
.
~= HO~=
lesson throat
- damarukamu
dabbu
. dalu
. .
_|
cash
_
shield
_=~H=
small drum
dambamu
.
_O|=
boasting
dazanu
.
4 _[#
12 pieces 4
31
4 -
dhi
. 4
_
clash
-
dhanka
.
_OH
big drum
-
dhalamu
-
dhammanu
. .
_= _=#
shield blast
dharani -
. karuna
. venuvu
.
^~}
earth
H~} "}=
compassion flute
-
kalyanamu
.
H}=
marriage
-
abharanamu
.
P~}=
4 ornament 4
32
4 -
tadu
.
-
tata
4
`_
rope
``
grand father
taruvu tanaya
`~= `#
daughter
tree
talupu taragati tarangamu

` `~Qu `~OQ=
door class wave
atithi pathamu katha

Juk ^= H^
story
guest way
rathamu
sapathamu
~^= ^=
charriot vow
mathanamu
=^#=
4 churning 4
33
4 dadi
.
-
dari
4
^_
fence
î
way
-
danda
. danamu
Ô_
garland
^#=
donation
dantamu dandanamu
.
Ô`= Ô_#=
punishment
tooth
dhara -
dhanuvu dhara
^~ ^#= ^~
price bow stream
dhamani dhanamu
^=x ^#=
vein money
dhavalamu
. dhagadhaga
^== ^Q^Q
4
white glittering 4
34
4 nati. nagalu 4
#\ #Q
jewelry
actress
nadaka
. naduma
.
#_H #_=
middle
walk
-
nadireyi
- nadavadi
. . .
nari
<i #_=_ #_~~
woman conduct midnight
pani padaka padava

.
.
x _H _=
work bed boat
palaka pagalu
H Q
slate day
pagadamu
.
4 Q_=
coral 4
35
4 phalitamu
. phalakamu
. 4
e `= H=
result plate
--
phalgunudu
. . . sitaphalamu
.
}_ ` =
arjuna custard apple
-
phalaharamu
phani
. . .
} ~=
tiffin
snake
badi
. basa banti
|_ | |Ou
school accomodation ball
balamu bakamu
|= |H=
strength crane
bandi
. balapamu
|O_ |=
4
cart slate pencil
4
36
4 bhakti bhala
.
- 4
H
devotion well done
bhayamu
=
fear
bhavanamu bharincu bhangapatu

-
.
=#= iOK OQ@
building bear insult
mara mandu mancamu

=~
screw
=O^ =OK=
medicine cot
manisi
. manavi
=x+ =#q
man appeal
-
makutamu
. mayuramu
=@= =~=
4
crown peacock
4
37
4 yati
-
yamini
4
u qx
sage night
yamuna yatnamu
=# `= effort
river Yamuna
- -
yagamu yantramu yajamani
Q=
ritual
O`= [=x
machine master
- -
ravi rani raju
.
~q ~} ~A
king
sun queen
ranamu
. rasamu
~}= ~= juice
battle
-
rahadari
~î
4 high way 4
38
4 lakka
-
lavu 4
H =
lac fatty
lalana lancamu
# OK=
woman bribe
lavangamu lavanamu
. langaru
=OQ= =}= OQ~
clove salt anchor
- galamu pallemulu
..
vela
. .
" Q= =
time throat plates
-
kalalu
. nalamu
.
H <=
fine arts tube
-
talapucevi
. saralamu
.
`Kq ~=
4 key simple 4
39
4 -
vana vanamu
4
"# =#=
rain forest
vajramu vankaya
-
=[= =OH
diamond brinjal
vari vasantamu vantakamu

.
=i
paddy
=O`= =O@H=
spring dish
sani
saramu
sasi
x ~= t
saturn arrow moon

sakamu
-
sariramu
H= s~=
era body

satakamu
`H=
4 hundred verses 4
40
4 sasti
. .. satkamu
. .
4
++ +@=
sixty six folded
sanmukhudu
. . .
+}Y_
six faced lord
sadbhujamu
. . saddakudu
. .. . satpadamu
. .
+_[= +__ +@^=
hexagon co-brother insect
sabha sari sagamu

i Q=
court equal half
santa samaramu
O` =~=
market war
-
sahajamu samajamu
[= =[=
4
natural society 4
41
4 -
hani hamsa 4
x O
harm swan
harini -
. hasyamu
i} =
deer humour
halamu haritamu
= i`=
plough green
kshama kshanamu
.
H= H}=
patience moment
kshayamu
H=
decrease
-
bhikshagadu
kshatamu .
4 H`= aHQ_
wound beggar 4
42
4 eruka
. ceraku
. 4
ZH K
knowledge sugarcane
ceruvu
.
K=
pond
marricettu -
.. .. errarayi
..
=]K@ Z]~~
banyan tree red stone
-
gorrepalu
..
Q]
ewe milk
-
rampapukota gurramu
..
.
OH` Q]=
4 torture horse
4
43
4 Kathina
. Padamulu - Hi# ^= - Difficult Words 4
adhyayanamu adhyakshudu
.
J^#= J^_
study president
agraganyudu -
anvesana
. . . .
indradhanussu
JQQ}_ J<+}
WO^^# topper search
rainbow
- - -
adityudu
. .
arohanamu
Pk`_ P~}=
sun ascent
- - -
asirvadamu
- -
adhyatmikamu
Pj~^= PûH=
blessing spirituality
- -
ilavelupu .. ..
istaistamulu
W" W~+=
family god likes and dislikes
indradhanussu -
ihalokamu
4 WO^^#
rainbow
WH=
material world
4
44
4 -irsya
.
4
D~
jealousy
-isanyamu
-
D#=
northeast -

Iswarudu
D~._

Lord Siva
-Iswarudu
-itakolanu
.
D~_ D` H#

Lord Siva swimming pool
.
utkantha utpatti
LÒ~ Lù
suspense production
-
udyanavanamu udbhavincu
L^#=#= L^qOK
park araise
- -
udarangu - -
urdhvalokamu
4 T^~OQ
violet colour
T~H=
upper world 4
45
4 -
4
.runagrastudu
. . .
.rusyasramamu
|}Q_ |==
debtor hermitage
.rusabhadhvajudu
. .
|+Â_

Lord Siva
-
endrakaya
.
ZO_H
crab
ennikalu -.
egatali
ZxH ZQò
elections ridicule
edurkonu -
endrakaya
.
Z^~# ZO_H
face crab
-elika - -
ekantamu
UeH UHO`=
ruler solitary
- -
ekagrata
--
ekibhavincu
4 UHQ`
concentration
UHqOK
agree
4
46
4 4
aikyamu aikamatyamu
SH= SH=`=
union unity

aiswaryamu
S~= -
oddanamu
wealth .. .
X_}=
waist ornament
ottu
.. oppandamu
X@ XO^=
vow agreement
-
oppukolu -
oddanamu
.. .
XCH X_}=
willingness waist ornament
-
orpu
-ojassu
F~ F[
patience splendour
- -
olaladu
-
ondrapettu
. . ..
4 F_
sport in water
FO_@
bray
4
47
4 4
aucityamu
Bz`=
suitability
outsukamu
B`H=
-
angulikamu
. anxiety
JOQmH=
ring
angusthamu
.. angarakshakudu
.
JOQ+= JOQ~H_
thumb bodyguard
- -
.
angulikamu andhakaramu
JOQmH= JO^H~=
ring darkness
antahprakruti -
manahpurvakamu
. . .
JO`H$u =#~H=
inner nature whole-heartedness
-
usahkalamu
. .
4 L+H=
dawn
4
48
4 4
kayyamu
karkasamu
H= H~=
quarrel cruelity
kanuguddu
.. kathinamu
.
H#Q_ Hi#= -
eye ball hard .
Ganeswarudu
.
Q}~_
Lord Ganapati
.
khaludu
-
khayamu
.
Y_ M=
bad man certain
khinnamu -
mukhadvaramu
d#= =Y^~=
grief portal
garvamu -
gardabhamu
Q~= Q~=
pride ass
-
guptanidhi .
Ganeswarudu
.
4 Qxk
hidden treasure
Q}~_
Lord Ganapati
.
4
49
4 -
ghranamu
.
-
ghoramu
4
}= ~=
smell awful
-
ghrutamu
. ghinkarincu
$`= OHiOK
Caturmukhudu
.
ghee trumpet
K`~Y_
Lord Brahma
- . -
vanmayakarudu
.
"VH~_
litterateur
Caturmukhudu
-
carmakarudu
. .
K`~Y_ K~H~_
Lord Brahma cobler
-
curnamu
-
camatkaramu
.
K~= K=`~=
powder repartee
-
chedamu
-
chinnabhinnamu
K^= z<a#=
4 cutting helter-skelter 4
50
4
- -
4
jirnamu
. janmabhumi
r~= [#q
digestion native place
- - - - -
jivanopadhi jivasastramu
r=<k r=G= - - ~
maharajni
livelihood biology =~l
queen
-
jhasaketanudu -
jhanjhamarutamu
-
. .
~+H`#_ ~O~=~`=
cupid stormy wind
~
pratijna - ~
prajnudu
.
u[ A_
vow learned man
--
maharajni
~ -
manojnamu
~
=~l =<[=
4 queen delight
4
51
4 -
.tenkaya takkari
.
4
>OH @Hi
coconut cunning
-
.tippusultan .tippani.
\C< \}
damarukamu
.
tippusultan commentary
_=~H=
drum
pathanamu
. kathinamu
.
~#= Hi#=
read hard
pratistha - kagitamu
thavu -
.. .
u+ ~= Hy`=
reputation sheet of paper
dokku
. dolla
.
_ _
useless hallow
damarukamu
. -- -
dolayamanamu
.
4 _=~H=
drum
_=#=
wavering
4
52
4- - -
4
gadhanidra
. asadhamu
.
Q_x^ P_=
sound sleep name of a month
-
nigudhamu drudhatvamu
. .
xQ_= ^$_`= -
gadhanidra
hidden sturdiness .
Q_x^
sound sleep
rakshana
. grahanamu
.
~H} Q}=
defence eclipse
-
.
vanijyamu kshanamu
.
"}[= H}=
commerce moment
- - -
tiraskaramu tirthayatra
u~~= f~`
rejection pilgrimage
tappidamu tatvamu
4 `^=
mistake
``=
philosophy
4
53
4
sithilamaina -
Tathagatudu
.
4
tk"# `^Q`_
dilapidated Lord Buddha
-tarapathamu
- -
yathatathamu
`~^= ^`^=
-
Tathagatudu
.
zodiac as it is
`^Q`_
Lord Buddha
-
datrutvamu digbandhamu
.
^`$`= kQO^=
generosity beleaguering
- -
dirghayuvu duradrustamu
. ..
n~= ^~^$+=
long life misfortune
-
dhanyamu dharmasatramu
^#= ^~`=
grain choultry
-
dhyanamu dhvanyanukaranamu
.
4 ^#=
meditation
^##H~}=
mimicry
4
54
4 - -
4
nirodhincu natyamu
.
x~kOK <@=
obstruct dance
-
namaskaramu nirnayamu
.
#=~= x~= -
natyamu
salutation decision .
<@=
dance
-
paramatma -
pariskaramu
.
~=` i~=
Supreme Spirit settlement
- -
parthasarathi - -
pascattapamu
~~k `=
Lord Krishna repentance
- - -
.
phanisayi phalanetramu
}~ <`=
.
Lord Visnu the eye on forehead
praphullamu phalitamu
4 =
blossom
e`=
result
4
55
4 buddhimantudu
.
4
bauddhamatamu
|k=O`_ ^=`=
wise person buddhism
-
brahmanandamu
-
bahiskaramu
.
|#O^= |~=
matsyamu ecstasy expulsion
=` =
fish
-
bhallukamu -
bhaskarudu
.
H= ~_
bear Sun
- - -
bhandagaramu
-
bhagyavantudu
. .
O_Q~= Q=O`_
treasury rich man
matsyamu mastiskamu
.
=`= =+=
fish brain
-
mahendrudu -
. madhyahnamu
4 =O^_
Lord Indra
=^=
midday
4
56
4 -
4
yauvanamu yogyata
=#= Q`
youth eligibility
-
yathakramamu -
yajurvedamu
^H== A~^-=- -
rajagruhamu
as usual one of the vedas ~[Q.
$=
palace
rugmata radduceyu
-
~Q` ~^K
illness cancel
- - -
.
radheyudu .
rajagruhamu
~^_ ~[Q$=
Karna
. palace
- -
lokokti lakshyapettu
..
HH H@
proverb care
-
lakshmipati vilakshanamu
.
4 H;u
..
Lord Visnu
qH}=
elegant feature
4
57
4 gollemu
.. kallemu
..
4
Q= H=
bolt rein
parimalamu - -
kalaratri
. .
i== H~u

sirassu fragrance nightmare
t~
head
-
vastavamu .
vijrumbhincu
"== q[$OaOK
truth enrage
-
vardhakyamu
-
vajrayudhamu
"~H= =*^=
old age indras weapon

satruvu
sirassu
`= t~
enemy head

suddhamu
saradrutuvu
.
4 ^=
purity
~^$`=
autumn
4
58
4.
puspamu Visnuvu
..
4
+= q+=
flower ..
Lord Visnu
puskalamu
. puskarini
. .
+= +i}
plenty pond puspamu
.
+=
flower
sanghamu -
sangramamu
O= OQ==
society war
satkarincu sankalpamu
ìOK OH=
honour determination
harsamu
. hrdayamu
.
~= $^=
joy heart

himasailamu hiranyamu
.
4 ==
-
Himalayan mountain
~}=
gold
4
59
4 -
kshetramu -
kshiramu
4
H`= H~=
field milk
-
kshemamu
H==
marricettu
safe
.. ..
=]K@
banyan tree
--
burramisalu -
verrivadu
.. .. .
|]g "]"_
broad moustaches mad man
-
.
tiyyani ceruku karrasamu
..
ux K H]=
sweet sugarcane martial art with stick
.. samudram
erra marricettu
.. ..
Z] =Ô =]K@
red sea banyan tree
-.. jerri
kalla .. jadala
. barre
..
H *] [_ |]
4 centeped yak 4
60
4 -
Kalamanamu
-- H=#= -Time Scale
4
udayamu L^= : morning
-
k s h a n. a k a- l a m u ardharatri
H}H= : second J~~u : midnight
n i m u s. a m u pagalu
x=+= : minute Q : day time
g a n t.a dinamu
QO@ : hour k#= : day
v e- k u v a j h -a m u v -a r a m u
"=*= : early morning "~= : week
udayamu pakshamu
L^= : morning H= : fortnight
m a d h y a- h n a m u nela
=^= : midday < : month
s a- y a m k a- l a m u ayanamu
OH= : evening J#= : six month-period
-
ratri samvatsaramu
4
~u : night O=`~= : year
p u s. k a r a m u
+~= : 12 year-period
4
61
4 Yugamulu (4) - Q= (4)

krtayugamu - H$` Q= : 17 H 28 "
- Eras (4) 4
.
17 lakhs 28 thousand year - period of time
--
tretayugamu - ``Q= : 12 H 96 "
-
dwaparayugamu - ^~Q= : 8 H 64 "
kaliyugamu - HeQ= : 4 H 32 "
Rutuvulu
. - |`= (6) : Seasons (6)
varsarutuvu
. =~ |`= : rainy season
vasantarutuvu
. .
saradrutuvu
=O` |`= : spring ~^$`= : begining of winter
- -
. .
grismarutuvu hemantarutuvu
.
w+ |`= : summer =O` |`= : winter
4=~ .|`. =
varsarutuvu
: rainy season
.
sisirarutuvu
tt~ |`= : autumn
4
62
4 -
Telugu samvastaramula perlu -
Names of the Telugu Years
`Q O=`~= ~
4
~= : parabhava-
= : p r a b h a v a
q= : v i b h a v a =OQ : p l a v a n g a
-
H : su k l a HH : kilaka
"^` : p r a m o- d u- t a = : s a u m y a
-
-
*ù : prajotpatti ~î : sarvadhari ^~} : s a- d h a- r a n. a
- - - -
POw~ : angirasa q~k : virodhi q~^H$` : virodhakrtu .
- -
N=Y : s r-i m u k h a qH$u : vikrti . s^q : paridhavi
= : b h a- v a Y~ : khara =nK : p r a m a- d-i c a
= : y u v a #O^# : n a n d a n a P#O^ : a- n a n d a
q[ : vijaya ~H : r a- k s h a s a
^` : d h a- t u
[ : jaya
D~ : -i sw a r a # : nala
- =#^ : manmatha
|^# : bahudhanya OQ : pingala .
^~d : d u r m u k h i -
=k : p r a m a- d i - HH : kalayukti
.
=Oa : hevalambi . -
qH= : v i k r a m a î : siddharthi
qOa : vilambi .
=$+ : v .r s. a qHi : vikari - ~k : raudri
- ^~u : durmati
z`# : citrabhanu ~i : sarvari-
# : s w a b h a- n u = : plava Ôâ : d u n d u b h i
- -
`~} : t a- r a n. a
H$` : subhakrtu .
~k~î : rudhirodgari
- - ~HH : raktakshi -
i= : parthiva
H$` : sobhakrtu .
4
= : v y a y a
~l` : sarvajittu
Hk -
: krodhi
-
H^# : k r o- d h a n a
JH : a k s h a y a
4
q= : viswavasu
63
4 Pakshamulu: 2 -

Suklapakshamu:
H= : 2 - Fortnights: 2
H H=: (from 1st day to fullmoon day)
4

Suklapaksha Tithulu: 15 - HH u^: 15

suddha
-
padyami
suddha astami
. ..
^ _q : 1st day after ^ J+q : 8th day
full moonday
suddha navami

suddha vidiya ^ #=q : 9th day
^ qk : 2nd day
suddha
dasami

suddha tadiya ^ ^q : 10th day
^ `k : 3rd day
suddha -ekadasi
-

suddha caviti ^ UH^t : 11th day
^ Kqu : 4th day
suddha -
dwadasi

suddha pancami ^ ^^t : 12th day
^ OKq : 5th day
suddha -
trayodasi

suddha .sasthi
.. ^ ` ^t : 13th day
^ ++ : 6th day
suddha caturdasi

suddha saptami ^ K`~t : 14th day
4^ q : 7th day p a u r n. a m i
~q : fullmoon
day
4
64
4 .. .
Krishnapakshamu H$+H=: (from 1st day to newmoon
Krishnapaksha
.. . Tithulu: 15 - H$+H u^ : 15
day)
4
bahula - bahula
. astami
..
. padyami
.
| _q : 1stday after | J+q : 8th day
newmoon day . navami
bahula
. vidiya
bahula | #=q : 9th day
| qk : 2nd day . dasami
bahula
. tadiya
bahula | ^q : 10th day
| `k : 3rd day . -ekadasi
bahula -
. caviti
bahula | UH^t : 11th day
-
| Kqu : 4th day . dwadasi
bahula
. pancami
bahula | ^^t : 12th day
-
| OKq : 5th day . trayodasi
bahula
bahula
. .sasthi.. | ` ^t : 13th day
| ++ : 6th day . caturdasi
bahula
bahula
. saptami | K` ~t : 14th day
4| q : 7th day a m a- v a- s y a
J=" : newmoon 4
day
65
4 Telugu Nelalu
`Q <
English Nelalu
WOw+ < 4
Telugu Months English Months
K`= : caitramu janavari

[#=i : january
"Y= : -
vaisakhamu phibravari
|=i : february
-
*+= : jyestamu
.. m a- r c i
=i : march
P_= : - asadhamu
-
. . -
epril
- U : april
=}= : sravanamu
. may
- " : may
^^= : bhadrapadamu -
june
J[= : a- sw a y u j a m u E<
-
: june
july
HsH= - -
: kartikamu E : july
-
a g a s..t u
=~t~= -
: margasiramu PQ+ : august
s e p t.e m b a r u
+= : pusyamu
. O|~ : september
-
- .
octobaru
== : maghamu JH|~ : october
navambaru
}= : -
phalgunamu
.
4 #=O|~
disembaru
: november
4
_O|~ : december
66
- - -
4 "~= - Varamulu -
Week Days
Rasulu
Signs of Zodiac
12
~ -
1
4
11 2
10 3
9 4
5
8
1 . m e- s. a m u
7 6
"+= : aries
- 2. v..
rsabhamu
a d i v a- r a m u =$+= : taurus
Pk"~= : sunday 3 . mithunamu
- q^#= : gemini
s o m a v a- r a m u 4. -
k a r k a.t a k a m u
="~= : monday H~@H= : cancer
5. simhamu
m a n g a l a v a- r a m u
. O= : leo
=OQ"~= : tuesday 6. kanya
H# : virgo
b u d h a v -a r a m u 7 . tula
|^"~= : wednesday ` : libra
8. .
vrscikamu
g u r u v a- r a m u =$tH= : scorpio
Q~"~= : thursday 9 . dhanussu
^# : sagittarius
-
su k r a v a r a m u 10. makaramu
H"~= : friday =H~= : capricorn
11. kumbhamu
sa n i v -a r a m u
4x"~= : saturday
-O=
12. minamu
g#=
:
:
aquarius
pisces
4
67
4 - -
Dikkulu
D#=
8 k - 8 Directions
`~ PQ=
4
L`~ ^H}=
"== <~u
_=~
- - -
agneyamu
turpu
`~ : east PQ= : southeast
p a d. a m a r a nairuti
_=~ : west <~u : southwest
uttaramu v a- y a v y a m u
L`~= : north "== : northwest
- -
d a k s h i n. a m u isanyamu
^H}= : south D#= : northeast
Rangulu - ~OQ - Colours

-
nalupu cilakakupacca
# : black zHK : parrot green
telupu b u- d. i d a
` : white |_^ : ash
erupu -
gulabi
Z~ : red Qa : pink
pasupu -
k a- s. a y a m
: yellow HO : saffron
-
nilamu u- d -a
4 h=
-
akupacca
: blue T^
-
narinja
: violet
4
PK : green <iO[ : orange
68
4 Nakshatramulu 27- #H`= 27 - Lunar Stars 27 4
-
mula - =
a sw a n i - Jx makha - =Y
pubba - | - - -
p u r v a .s a d. h a - ~_
b h a .r a n i - ~}
- -
uttarasadha - L`~_
krittika
. - H$uH uttara - L`~ .
-
rohini - ~} hasta - sr a v a n a m - =}O
.
.
mrgasira - =$Qt~ citta - z` dhanistha
.. - ^x+
- -
swati - u sa t a b h i.s a m u - à+=
arudra - P~^
punarvasu - #~ -
v i sa k h a - qY p u- r v -a b h -a d r a - ~^
--
anuradha - J#~^ -
-
uttarabhadra - L`~^
p u s. y a m i - +q
4
a- sl -e .s a - P+ -
jyestha
.. - *+ -
revati - ~=u 4
69
4 . . -
Saptarusulu |
+ - The seven .rusis
. 4
H_ : k a sy a p u d. u qq`_ : -
viswamitrudu
.
Ju : atri Q`=_ : g a u t a m u d. u
~Â_ : b h a r a d w a- j u d. u [=^y : j a m a d. a g n i
=+_ . .
: vasisthudu
Navagrahamulu - #=Q =: Names of 9 planets
S u- r y u d. u - ~_ - Sun
C a n d r u d. u - KO^_ - Moon
A n g a- r a k u d. u - JOQ~_ - Mars
B u d h u d. u - |^_ - Mercury
Brhaspati
. - |$u - Jupiter

Sukrudu - _ - Venus
.
4 Sa n a i sc a r u d. u
R a- h u v u
-
-
<~_
~=
-
-
Saturn
Dragons head 4
K e- t u v u - H`= - Dragons tail
70
4 Navaratnamulu - #=~`= - The nine gems 4
vajramu - =[= - diamond

v a i d. -u r y a m u - "_ ~= - cats eye
g o- m e- d h i k a m u - Q"kH= - zirconium
p u s. y a r -a g a m u - +~Q= - topaz
marakatamu - =~H`= - emerald
m a-n. i k y a m u - =}H= - ruby
-
nilamu - h= - sapphire
p a g a d. a m u - Q_= - coral
mutyamu - =`= - pearl
-
Navadhanyamulu - #=^#= - The nine varieties of grains
-
godhumalu - Q^ = - wheat
vadlu
. - =_ - paddy
ulavalu - L= - horsegram anumulu - J#= - rajmagram
pesalu - - greengram kandulu - H O ^ - redgram
4
minumulu - q#= - blackgram sanagalu
nuvvulu - #= - gingili
- # Q - bengalgram
4
71
4 - -
Manobhavamulu - =<== - Faculties of the mind 4
a- n a n d a m u maunamu
P#O^= : pleasure =#= : silence
d u h. k h a m u e- v a g i m p u
^Y= : sorrow U=yO : vexation
a s -u y a asahyamu
J : jealousy J= : unbearable
d v e s. a m u -
ahamkaramu
^+= : hatred JOH~= : ego
a n u m -a n a m u -
polika
J#=#= : suspicion eH : comparison
k o- p a m u -
sphurti
H= : anger i : inspiration
a- sa u t s -a h a m u
P : ambition L`= : spirit
4 daya
^ : kindness
4
72
--
4
Sariravayavamulu - s~=== - Parts of the body
4
-
sariramu n a d. u m u
s~= : body #_= : waist
tala b o d. d. u
` : head _ : navel point
mukhamu g u n .d e
=Y= : face QO_ : heart
kannu ceyyi
H# : eye K~ : hand
mukku k a d. u p u
= : nose H_ : stomach
n o- r u t o d. a
<~ : mouth `_ : thigh
-
cevi vipu
Kq : ear g : back
m e d. a k a- l u
"_ : neck H : leg
gontu p a- d a m u
QO` : throat ^= : foot
rommu v e- l u
" : finger
4<H
~=
n a- l u k a
:
:
chest
tongue
g o- r u
Q~ : nail
4
73
4 Bandhutvamulu - |O^ `= - Relationships

4
amma vadina
J=
-
: mother =k# : sister-in-law
nanna - -
. .
todikodalu
<# : father `_H_ : co-sister
ammamma k o d. u k u
J==
-
: grand mother H-_ : son
tata k o d. a l u
``- : grand father H_ : daughter-in-law
m e n a m a- m a maridi
"-#== : meternal uncle =ik : brother-in-law
menatta maradalu
"-#`- : aunt (fathers sister) =~^ : sister-in-law
babayi m a n u m a d. u
~ : uncle =#=_ - : grandson
pinni manumaralu
x : aunt(mothers =#=~ : grand daughter
younger sister) m e- n a k o- d.a l u
p e d d a n -a n n a "#H_ : niece
^<# : uncle(fathers .s a d. d. a k u d. u
elder brother) +__ : co-brother
peddamma m e- n a l l u d. u
^= : aunt (mothers "#_ - : nephew
elder sister) viyyapuralu
akka q~ : sons
or daughters
JH- : elder sister mother-in-law
bava
4
=
anna
: brother-in-law
.
viyyankudu
qO_ : sonsor
daughters
4
J# : brother father-in-law
74
4 Vruttulu
. - - Professions
=$` 4
raitu b o- y a
~` : farmer : hunter
kummari vadrangi
.
=i : potter =_Oy : carpenter
kammari k a m s a- l i
H=i : black smith HOe : goldsmith
- -
kulivadu . v a i d y u d. u
e"_ : hired worker "^_ : doctor
gollavadu
- --
. pujari
Q"_ : milkman *i : priest
- -
s a l e v a d. u naukaru
"_ : weaver <H~ : servant
- -
ganugavadu k a- r m i k u d u
. .
Q#Q"_ : oilpresser Hi_ : labourer
mangali -
cakali
=OQe : barber KHe : washerman
- - -
4
k a r a .n a m u
H~}= : accountant
rangulu . vesevadu
~OQ ""_ : painter 4
75
4 - -
Kuragayalu - ~Q - Vegetables 4
aratikaya
- b e n d. a k -a y a
.
J~\H : plantain O_H : ladys finger
-
b a n g a.l a d u m p a d o n d. a k -a y a
|OQÔ : potato Ô_H : gherkins
- -
aku kuralu v a n k -a y a
P ~ : greens =OH : brinjal
ulligadda --
.. .t o m a .t o
LeQ_ : onion \=\ : tomato
- -
kakarakaya c a- m a g a d d a
..
HH~H : bitter gourd K=Q_ : colocacia
-
g u m m a d. i k a y a m u n a g a k -a y a
Q=_H : pumpkin =#QH : drumstrick
-
potlakaya mullangi
.
@H : snake gourd =Oy : radish
-
gorucikkudu . k a n d a g a d. d. a
Q~z_ : local beans HO^Q_ : elephant foot (yam)
cikkudukaya
- - -
birakaya
.
4^H
z_H
d o- s a k -a y a
: beans
: cucumber
c~H
a- n a p a k a- y a
P#H
: ridge
: bottle
gourd
4
gourd
76
4 Pandlu
. - O_ - Fruits 4
arati. d a- n i m m a
J~\ : banana ^x= : pomegranate
d r a- k s h a velaga
^H : grapes "Q : wood apple
m a- m i d. i -
kharjuramu
=q_ : mango Y~~= : date
j -a m a panasa
*= : guava # : jackfruit
--
neredu r e- g i p a n d u
. .
<~_ : cherry ~yO_ : pear
s a p o- t.a- a n a- s a
\ : sapota J< : pineapple
kamala
--
sitaphalamu
H= : orange `= : custard apple
b o p p a- y i -
apil
~ : papaya P : apple
p u c c a k -a y a
4KH : water melon 4
77
4
Vrukshamulu
. - =$H=
- Trees - - - Flowers
Pulu
4
-
ravicettu m a l l e p-u v u
..
~qK@ : fig tree == : jasmine
- -
badamcettu t -a m a r a p-u v u
ÔK@ : almond tree
`=~= : lotus
-
kanugacettu .. k a l u v a p -u v u
H#QK@ : Indian bunch tree
H== : water lily
.. ..
marricettu
=]K@ : banyan tree c a- m a n t i
-
vepacettu K=Ou : chrysanthemum
.. -
"K@ : neem tree gulabi
cintacettu.. Qa : rose
zO`K@ : tamarind tree -
bantipulu
t u m m a c e ..
ttu |Ou : marigold
`=K@ : babool tree m o g a l i p -u v u
araticettu
. .. "Qe= : pandarus
J~\K@ : banana tree
- davanam
jamacettu .. ^=#O : motherwort
*=K@ : guava tree
-
mamidicettu maruvam
. ..
4
=q_K@
- - ..
asokacettu
JHK@
: mango
: asoka
tree
tree
=~=O : cowhage
4
78
4 Pakshulu - - Birds 4
Jantuvulu - [O`= - Animals
kukka
H : dog
- nakka
pavuramu #H : fox
=~= : pigeon pilli
g u d. l a g -u b a e : cat
Q_Q| : owl a- v u
konga P= : cow
HOQ : crane g e- d e
k a- k i Q^ : buffalo
HH : crow m e- k a
-
koyila "H : goat
H~ : cuckoo bird g o ..
rre
piccuka Q] : sheep
KH : sparrow g a- d. i d a
gradda
Q_^ : donkey
e- n u g u
Q^ : eagle U#Q : elephant
gabbilamu
puli
Qa= : bat e : tiger
nemali simhamu
<=e : peacock O= : lion
b a- t u -
koti
4O
`
hamsa
: duck
: swan
Hu
jinka
lOH
: monkey
: deer
4
79
4Vanta - -
. Inti. samanulu - =O@ WO\ =# Household Material4
poyyi - ~ - hearth cemca-- K O K - spoon

garita. - Q i @ - ladle .. - Q Q @ = - chimney
pogagottamu
-
cipuru - p ~ - broom
jalleda. - [_ - sieve
patakaru- - @ H~ - tongs .. - = - plate
pallemu
. -
turumu - `~= - grate . - ~ - tap
kulayi
- - - ~H e - pounder
rokali
mukudu . - =_ - bowl
- - ` - vessel
patra
- - * - flagon
kuja-
- - karra - s H] - rolling pin
purila
aggipette .. - Jy > - match box ..
- - ~ - mortar
rolu kavvamu - H = = - churner
mullacemca -- = KOK - fork balla - | - table
..
- - *_ - jar
jadi .. - K`|@ - dustbin
cettabutta
.
-
Lohamulu - = - Metals
-
b a n g a r a m u |OQ~= : gold ukku L : steel
v e n d. i "O_ : silver inumu W#= : iron
4 .
ittadi
r a- g i
W`_
~y
:
:
brass
copper
tagaramu
-
sisamu
`Q~=
=
:
:
tin
lead
4
80
4 Kirana
.
- -
- -Samanulu - H~} =# - Provisions 4
pasupu
-
miriyalu
: turmeric qi : pepper
m i r a p a k -a y a cintapandu
.
q~H : chilli zOÒ_ : tamarind
dhaniyalu
- uppu
^x : coriander LC : salt
a- v a- l u k a- r a m u
P" : mustard H~= : mirchi powder
-jlakarra bellam
rH~ : cummin seeds O : jaggery
g a s a g a s a- l u p a n c a d a- r a
QQ : poppy plant seeds OK^~ : sugar
inguva kandipappu
WOQ= : assafoetida HOkC : redgram
mentulu minapapappu
"O` : fenugreek q#C : blackgram
-
lavangalu sa n a g a p a p p u
4
=OQ
-
elakulu
: cloves #QC
pesarapappu
~C
: bengalgram
: greengram
4
U : cardomum
81
-
4 Abharanamulu
. - P~}= Ornaments
4
ungaramu talabilla
..
LOQ~= : ring à : headlocket
k a n k a n. a m u patakamu
HOH}= : bracelet `H= : medal
golusu ceviduddu
Q : chain Kq^^ : earstuds
-
pamita. pinnu .
kiritamu
q@ # : brooch Hs@= : crown
mukkera
-
vanki
=H~ : nose-ring =OH : armlet
cevikammalu h a- r a m u
KqH= : tops ~= : necklace
pinnu
-
..
pattilu
# : hair clip \ : anklets
pakkapinnu m u k k u p u d. a k a
H # : side pin =_H : nosestud
-
gajulu --
lolakulu
QA : bangle : hangings
4#Q
nagalu
: jewelry X_}=
-
o d. d. a n. a m u
:
4
waist ornament
82
- -
4 H` - Kolatalu -
Measures
Inti
. Bhagalu -
WO\ Q - 4
Parts of the House
v e d. a l p u talupulu
"_ : width ` : doors
-
pravesa -
dvaramu
p o d. a v u
" ^~= : entrance
_= : length -
kitikilu
ettu
.
H\H : windows
Z` : height gadi
potti
.. Qk : room
\ : short -
varanda .
pedda =~O_ : verandah
- -
almara
^ : big
cinna
J~ : almirah
g a d. a p a
z# : small Q_ : threshold
baruvu paikappu
|~= : heavy HC : roof
g u n d. r a m u g a v -a k s h a m u
QO_= : round Q"H= : ventilator
mettlu
..
4 "@ : steps 4
83
4 telugu talli 4
4 -
-
-
ma telugu talliki malle pudanda
-
ma kanna talliki mangalaratulu
.
. 4
84
Transliteration Scheme of Telugu Alphabet
Vowels (: Acculu)

a a i i u u
* *
*

.ru ru
. .lu .lu e e

*
ai o o au am. ah.
Consonants (: Hallulu)
.
k kh g gh n

~
c ch j jh n

t. th
. d. dh
. n.

t th d dh n

p ph b bh m

y r l l. v
*
s s. s h ksh r.
* Not in common use.
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munduga- oka mata
-.

A word in advance
- - -
i vakyanirmanam
. ma- balasikshasamagri
- ' - - 'srenilo
.
-
- - mudava
. pustakam.
- -
Vakyanirmanam (sentence and its structure or sentence-building in Telugu) is the
.
third book in the Telugu Learning Kit series being brought out by C. P. Brown Academy.
- dwara- - telugu aksharamala - -

- paricayamaindi. dinito
modati. pustakam varnamala
. unna
- - - -
abhyasa pustakam valana aksharalu nercukovadam, - - - -
pratilekhanam anaga translitaresan
. . .
- - palike- vidhananni
dwara - - -
telusukovadam jarigindi.
.

- You
Telugu alphabet was introduced to the learners through the first book varnamala.
.
have learnt how to write the Telugu characters and to pronounce them by means of
transliteration.
' - - rakarakala
- padalu - -
- telikainavi, -
rendava
. pustakam sabdamalalo kastamainavi
.. akshara
-
kramamlo ivvadam
. jarigindi.

- presented different easy and hard words in an alpha-

The second module,'sabdamala,
betical order.
- - - - - - - -
ipudu
. mi cetilo unna vakyanirmanam
. vakyam rayatam
. gurinci teliyacestundi.
- -
Now the book in your hands, vakyanirmanam, helps you understand how to form
.
a sentence.

-
manam nercukunna - kalipite- padalu
aksharalu - kalayikato-
- ituvanti padala
- avutayi.
. .
-
vakyam -
rupondincavaccu.

If the letters (characters) of the alphabet you have learnt are arranged in an order
forming a unit of grammar, they are called words. A group of words arranged in a
particular order which makes sense and gives a clear meaning is called a sentence.
-
- amarikato- cinnavi, - - - - vakyalu
- -
padala peddavi, sulabhamainavi, kastamainavirakarakala
..
-
- ivi miru - baga - - -
- - nercukovadaniki, - - - -
istunnam. telugu padalu . cakkaga- matladadaniki
. . .
-
upayogapadavaccu.
.
These sentences may be short or long, easy and difficult. Such sentences are used to
express a statement, a question, a command or some sudden feeling. They help you to
speak Telugu fluently and to write it well.

- . 1 Lesson 1
patham
-
intaku mundu manam telugu aksharalu, - telusukunnam
padalu - ippudu
- kada!
.
-
vakyam -
gurinci telusukundam.
- (alphabet) and words (sabdamala).

We have already learnt about Telugu aksharamala ' -
- -
Let us now learn about Telugu vakyanirmanam (sentence formation).
.
- arthanni
purti - - -
icce- pada samudayanni -
vakyam -
(sentence) antaru.
.
sentence)
A group of words which makes complete sense and gives a clear meaning is called a
sentence.
atadu -
. ramudu.
. idi caduvu.

-
He is Ramudu. Read this.
.
-
bhojanam -' - -
cesava? - - idi nijama?
emiti! -
.

Did (you) have your meal? What! Is it true?
-
manam cadivina nalugu - - nalugu
vakyalu - -
rakalu.

Those are four different kinds of sentences.
a- nalugu
- - -
- gurinci ippudu telusukundama?
rakala .
Let us now study those four kinds of sentences.
- - -
ramudu
. vaccadu
. sita navvindi

- -
Ramudu
. came. Sita smiled.

papa -
- edcindi. lalita pilicindi.
.

Baby cried. Lalita called.
- manaku kaccitamga- telusu. anduke- avi niscayarthaka

paina ceppina visayalu ' - - -
vakyalu
.
-
antaru.
.

We know for certain what is said in the foregoing sentences. That is why we call them
' -
niscayardhaka - - (declarative or assertive sentences.)
vakyalu
ivi rendu - - - - - - - -
. padalu matrame upayogincina cinna vakyalau. inkoncem pedda vakyalu
- -
raddam.

These are short sentences comprising two words. Let us now expand these
sentences a little.
-
-
ramudu
. badiki
-
. vaccadu.
. sita andamga- navvindi.

-
-
Ramudu
. came to school. Sita smiled pleasantly.
- biggaraga- edcindi.
papa - lalita pelliki
. . . pilicindi.

The baby cried loudly. Lalita invited us to the wedding.
- gurinci ila- kaccitamga- cebutam.

telisina visayala - teliyani vatini
- -
. . adigi
. telusukuntam.
.
When we are sure of something, we are assertive.When we want to know something,

we ask others.
adigi
. telusukundam.-

Let us ask to know
- -' - -
homework cesava? -
lata vaccinda?

Have you finished your home-work? Has Lata come?

- - pusinda?
gulabi - - - -
pani purtainda?

Has the rose blossomed? Is the work over?
- ' - - - antaru.
- - - -
- teliyalante -
- kada!
vitini
. prasnarthaka vakyalu . edaina . itarulanu adagali
.
prasnincatam -
. ante
. adagadam.
'
. .

' -
They are called prasnarthaka - - (interrogative sentences). We need to ask others
vakyalu
about what we do not know. To question is to ask.
- - - - - -
ive- vakyalanu koncem peddavi cesi cuddama?
Let us expand these sentences a little:
- - pusinda?
- - - nundi vaccinda?
lata skul -
erra gulabi .

Has the red rose blossomed? Has Lata returned from school?

ninnati - -' - - - -
- ceppina pani purtainda?
. homework cesava? nenu

Have you done your yesterdays homework? (Have you) finished the work I gave you?
- -
telusukovalsina -
visayanni batti -
- vidhanam - - '
- prasnalaku
. .. adige
. untundi.
. samanyamga
-
upayogince - evaru, ekkada, enduku, eppudu, emiti,
- padalu - -
. . . enta, enni (hu, ver, vai,
-
- hau, haumeny). vitini - - - - -
ven, vat, . ela upayogincalo telusukundam.

The mode of asking depends upon the nature of matter we like to know. Words
such as who, whose, whom, where, why, when, and how are interrogative pronouns.
Let us know how to use them.
atanu evaru? -
nannu enduku pilicavu?

Who is he? Why did you call me?
- -' - - --
i bomma ela- vesavu? sita eluru eppudu
. veltundi?
.

- --
How did you draw this picture? When will Sita go to Eluru?
a- pustakam vela enta? -

mamayya -
vijayavada
. nunci eppudu
.
-
vastadu?
.
What is the price of that book?
When will maternal uncle come from
-
Vijayawada?
.
- -
ippudu meri ekkada. undi?
. taimenta?
.

What is the time now? Where is Mary?
- - - - - -
stesanku
. . enni gantalaku
. vellali?
.. niku enni mamidipandlu
. . kavali?

At what time should we go to the station? How many mangoes do you want?

oka visayam
.
' -- -
adesapurvakamga -
ceppalante. ila..... - - -

When we command others .
- - -
idi caduvu. ti. tisukura.

Read this. Bring tea.
akkadiki -
. vellu.
.. ramuki ivvu

Go there. -
Give this to Ramu.
- - - ~- - - - -
pai vakyalanu ajnapurvaka vakyalu antamu.
.
- ~- -
The above sentences are called ajnapurvaka - - (Imperative sentences).
vakyalu
- - - - -
vitini
. koncem pedda vakyalu ceddam.
Let us expand these sentences a little:

-
idi sayantram caduvu!
-
ti - - -
. ippude
. tisukura!

Read this in the evening. Bring tea immediately.
- akkadiki vellu! - -
repu . .. i pustakam ramuki ivvu

Go there tomorrow. -
Give this book to Ramu.
- - '
a ! ascaryam!

Oh! marvelous
- - - padipoyada!
ayyo! - - -
a! idi nijama? . .

Is it true? Alas! has he fallen!

- - tajmahal
aha! - -
enta bagundi! -
- bomma bagundi!
'sabhas!
.

- Mahal is!
Ah! How beautiful the Taj The picture is nice, well done!
- - -' - - - antamu. -
pai vakyalanu ascaryarthaka vakyalu .
The above sentences are called -ascaryarthaka

' - - - (Exclamatory sentences).
vakyalu
- - ascaryam -
- miku
eppudaina
. antuleni -' kaligite- ila- antaru.
.
- tivramaina - -
andolana
. kaligina-
-
inte!

To express some strong emotions such as fear, surprise, agony or distress, we say
like this:
- - - - - -i gudi enta prasantamga
aha! '- - undi!
a! miru ceppindi nijama! .

O! Is what you said true? Ah! How serene is the ambience of this temple!
- raju -
- metla mida - -i bomma baga
- - - 'sabhas! -' -
- - vesavu!
ayyo! . nunci padipoyada!
. . .

- fallen from the stairs? What a
Has Raju Well done! You have drawn this picture
pity! nicely.

inka- pedda vakyalu - - rayavaccu.
- - kuda -
.
We can write still longer sentences.

- - - - - -
- unte- miku
matladutu
. . . ala rayadam
. telustundi.

You will know how to write them as you talk.
- -
ala- teliyalante - -- - -
. mundu vakyam ante
. emito
. teliyali.
For you to be able to write, you need to know what a sentence is.
adi ippudu -
. manam telusukundam.
Let us know it now.

- . 2 Lesson 2
patham
sahajamga- vakyamlo
- - amsalu
- mudu
.
' - manam custu
- - untam.
.
- avi karta, karma, kriya
Three components are required to write a sentence in Telugu. They are: subject,
object and verb in that order.
-
manam oka vakyam -
rasinappudu - - -
. oka vyakti gurinco, vastuvu gurinco cebutam.
- - -
ante - - - -
. vakyaniki kendram a vyakti leka vastuvu avutundi. ade karta.
When we speak a sentence, we say something about a person or thing. So, the person
or thing mentioned is called the subject. It means the subject is the central point of
the sentence, and the meaning revolves round the subject.
karta nirvahince- karyam

- - karma.
kriya avutundi. kriya yokka phalitam anubhavincedi
Job done by karta (subject) is kriya (verb). Result of kriya is received by karma
(object).
-
udaharanalu : examples:
.
- -
-
ramudu
. kukkanu kottenu.
.. i vakyamlo- ramudu
-
. karta.
-
Ramudu -
. beat the dog. In this sentence, Ramudu
. is karta.
-
ramudu - -' - - -
. emi cesadu?
. kottadu.
. . . anaga kottuta
. . . kriya.
-
What Ramudu
. did? He beat. That is beat is kriya.
-
denini -
kottadu? -
. . . kukkanu. kriyaphalitam anubhavincindi kukka kanuka, kukka karma.
Whom he beat? Dog. Dog has received the result of kriya. Hence dog is karma.

-
nauns miku telusu. naunsnu telugulo- namavacakalu
- - - antaru.
.
-
- - -
You know the nouns. In Telugu nouns are called Namavacakalu.
avi sanjna - -
~ - namavacakamulu (proper nouns), jati - -
- namavacakamulu (common
- - -
nouns), samuha namavacakamulu (collective nouns), guna - -
. namavacakamulu (abstract
-
nouns) antaru.
.

~- namavacakamulu
Those nouns in the Telugu language are called sanjna - - (Proper nouns),
- - - - - -
jati namavacakamulu (common nouns), samuha namavacakamulu (collective nouns)
and guna - -
. namavacakamulu (abstract nouns).
- - -
raju caduvutunnadu.
. lalita padutunnadi
.

- is reading.
Raju Lalita is singing.
- - - - -' - -
dhilli
. mana rajadhani. bharatadesam mana matrubhumi.

Delhi is our capital. - (India) is our motherland.
Bharat
- - - raju,
- lalita vyaktula perlu.
- - -'
- bharatadesam
-
pai vakyalalo dhilli
. oka pattanam
.. . peru.
-'
oka desam - perlanu
peru. - teliyacese -
- - padalanu ~ - namavacakalu
samjna - - -
- antaru.
.

- and Lalita in the above sentences are the names of persons. Delhi
Words like Raju
- is the name of a country. All such names are called
is the name of a city, and Bharat
- -
~ - namavacakalu
sanjna - (proper nouns)
-
amma uyala -
uputunnadi.
Mother is rocking the cradle.

-
vidyarthi - '-
pathasalaku -
veltunnadu.
. . .
The student is going to school.


a- urilo
- - andamaina totalu
-
. unnavi.
There are beautiful gardens in that village.

- namavacakalu
ivi jati - - - (Common nouns). amma, vidyarthi, - - ' - uru,
pathasala, - -
tota,
- . .
- - - - - -
- oka jatiki
i padalanni okko rakamaina jatini sucistunnayi. sambandhincinavi kanuka
- namavacakalu.
ivi jati - - -

The words mother, student, school, village, garden, in the above sentences are
common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. So, they are called
Common nouns.
-
ramudu - -
. gorrela mandanu tolukuveltunnadu.
. .
-
Ramudu
. is tending his flock.
- -
pakshula gumpu sayantraniki -
gutiki -
. cerutundi.
Swarms of birds return to their nests by evening.

-
- ceruvu gattuna valindi.
kongala baru ..
A row of cranes alighted on the shores of the lake.

- - - - vinapadadu.
- emi
i jana samuhamlo .

Nothing is audible in this milling crowd.
- - - manda, gumpu, baru, -
- janasamuham - samuha - - -
- namavacakalu.
pai vakyalaloni anevi
- -
gorrela samuhanni manda antaru. - - - pakshula samuhanni
alage - - -
gumpu antaru.
. - .
- ani, manusulanu janasamuhamani
kongalni baru - -
antaru.
. .
Words like flock, swarms, row (group), in the above sentences are called
Collective nouns. So a Collective noun denotes a number of similar things taken
together and regarded as one whole: A flock of sheep; a swarm or group of birds; a
row of cranes and groups of people, etc.

manisiki - - - - untundi.
- vediga
- gali
. santosam
. mukhyam. vesavilo . .

Happiness is essential for man. The air in summer is hot.
- - -
- - mana 'satruvu.
mana kopame nadi tiramlo callaga- untundi.
.

Our anger is our enemy. It is cool near rivers.
- - - santosam,
pai vakyalalo - -
kopam, vedi -
- ane- padalu, -
gunanni, -
bhavananu
. . .
- - -
teliyacestunnavi. - sucince
i padalu - -
- bhavanaku -
rupam ledu. ituvanti
. .
-
vatini
.
-
telipe- perlu
guna - - - -
. namavacakalu antaru. .

In the above sentences, the words happiness, anger hot, do not have a definite
shape. Such nouns denote some quality, state, or action. They are called guna .
- - - - - - -
namavacakalu or bhava namavacakalu (Abstract nouns).

- . 3 Lesson 3
patham
- vaccindi. rani - snehituralu.
- maku - - raniki
- - -
rani
. . . ti. iccanu.
- came. Rani
Rani -
- is our friend. I gave tea to Rani.
. . .
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju - - - - -
. rajuku eppudu
. manci markulu vastayi.
- studies well. Raju

Raju - always gets good marks.
ila- rani....raju
- - perlu - - anadam bavundaledu
- rendumudusarlu - - kada!
-
. . . . .

- and Raju
So, the repetition of the words Rani - does not look nice.
.
ala- namavacakanni
- - - tirigi tirigi anakunda - - - - - - -
. undalante
. . namavacakaniki baduluga
- - - - sarvanamanni- - - - -
sarvanamanni vadali.
. inglisulo
. pronaun antam.
.
To avoid repetition of nouns we use pronouns. A pronoun (meaning for a noun) is

-
a word used instead of a noun. The pronoun is called sarvanamam in the Telugu
language.
-
udaharanalu : examples:
.
- - - - - - - - - -
atadu,
. itadu,
. ame. ime, adi, idi, sarvanamalu. indakati
. vakyalu ippudu
. cudandi.
. .
The words I, we, you, he, she, it, they, this, that, are pronouns.
- vaccindi, ame
- ma- akkaku snehituralu.
- - - - -
rani
. ameku ti. iccanu.
- came. She is the friend of my elder sister. I gave her tea.

Rani
.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju -
- vadiki - - -
. . eppudu. manci markulu vastayi.
- studies well. He always scores good marks.

Raju

- - - - - -
i kinda iccina vakyalalo sarvanamalu gurthincandi.
.
Point out the pronouns in the following sentences:

rama baga -
- - bommalu vestundi. -
ameku bahumati vaccindi.

Rama draws pictures nicely. She got a prize.
-
na- kaliki
- - nadavalekapotunnanu.
debba tagilindi, nenu .
- -

My leg is hurt. I am unable to walk.
- tagindi.
pilli palu - -
amma danini kottindi.
..

The cat drank the milk. Mummy hit it.
- - - ninnu andaru- istapadataru.
nuvvu cakkaga- matladatavu, -
. . .. .

You speak agreeably. Everybody likes you.
-
javabulu Answers
-ame -
nenu -
danini ninnu

She I it You

- . 4 Lesson 4
patham
- - - - vadutu
- vidhaluga - - untam.
- - - - gamanince- untaru
-
sarvanamalanu mudu
. . . idi miru kindati
. pathamlo
. .
You must have observed that in the previous lesson we made use of pronouns in three
ways.
marala- okasari
- vivaranga- cuddam!
- -
Let us look at them in detail.

mana gurinci manam ceppinappudu - - - - -
. nenu, memu, nayokka, naku antamu.
.

The words used about oneself: I, we, me, my, mine.
-
- gurinchi ceppinappudu nuvvu, miru, - - - -
edutivari
. . miyokka, miku upayogistamu.

The words used to address those who are in front of us or spoken to: thou,
you, thee, thy, thine, your, yours.
ekkado- - - - -
. unnavari gurinci ceppinappudu . atadu,
. ame, adi, atanini, ameku, daniki,
-
amenu, - -
varini,variyokka ane- padalu
- upayogistamu.
- -

The words used about the person or thing spoken of: he, his, himself, she,
herself, it, itself, they, them, theirs.
- - - madirigane
- - - telugulo- kuda -
- - vitini - - -
inglishu
. bhasalo
. . . ila vargikarincaru :

As in the English language, in Telugu also they are classified in the following ways:
tanagurinci uttama purusa - - - -
. nenu, naku, nayokka anu matalu..

Uttama Purusa
. (First Person). It denotes the person speaking : I, we, myself.
-
- gurinci madhyama purusa nivu, - - -
edutivari
. . niku, niyokka anu matalu.
.

Madhyama Purusa
. (Second Person). It denotes the person spoken to: thou,
you, thyself.

ekkado - - -
. unnavari gurinci prathama purusa
. atanu, ame, ataniki,
-
ataniyokka anu matalu.
.

Prathama Purusa . (Third Person). It denotes the person or thing spoken of: he,
she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- - - -
marikonni vakyalu cuddam.
Let us see some more sentences:

uttama purusa
. (First Person)
- -
na- pani nenu
- cesukuntanu.
-
.
-
naku ayana gurinci telusu.

I do my own work. I know about him.
a- samavesaniki
- -' - -
nannu pilicaru. a- pustakam nadi.
-

They called me to that conference. That book is mine.
madhyama purusa
. (Second Person)
- -
nuvvu manci vadivi.
. niku a- bahumati vastundi.

You are a good man. You will get that award.
- - - - -
ninnu cudakunda
. . vellanu.
.. i pani nide- anuko.

I will not go without seeing you. Treat this work as yours.
. (Third Person)
prathama purusa
-
vallaku manam vaccinatlu - vastaru.
- repu -
.. . teliyadu. vallu
..

They do not know that we have come. They will come tomorrow.

- - -
idigo- niku kavalasina pustakam. dinini radha
- iccindi.

-
Here is the book you needed. Radha gave it.
-
vallanu akkadiki -
.. . rammani ceppanu.
I told them to come over there.

- - badhyata
- e- nirnayam tisukunna - - -
vallu
.. . vallade.
..
Whatever decision they take, it will be their responsibility.
- - - - - - gurtinci e- purusalo
- - - -
i kindi vakyalalo sarvanamalu . unnayo rayandi.
.
Pick out every pronoun that you can find in the following sentences and name its
person.
-
ramu manci abbayi. - - iccadu.
- atanu tana saikil gopalki -
.

-
Ramu - -
is a good boy. He gave his bicycle to Gopal.

- -
sita tana talliki panullo- sayam
- cestundi. - - tanu caduvukontundi kuda.
tana pathalu
. .
- -
.

-
Sita helps her mother in her daily chores. She also studies her lessons.
- - ni- kosam
nuvvu ninna raledu. - -' -
andaru- edurucusaru.

You did not come yesterday. Everybody waited for you.
- -i roju
nenu
-
akkadiki - - -
. ralenu. naku jvaram vaccindi.

Today I cannot come there. I have fever.
- evaru- ceppaledu.
a- sangati naku - - -
- - velle- vadine.
cebite- nenu ... .

Nobody told me about it. Had I been told, I too would have gone there.
- - - - - enduku?
niku naku madhya vallu
..

Where is the need for them between you and me?
-
javabulu Answers
-
nenu, - (uttama purusa)
naku
atanu (prathama purusa)
. .

he (Third person) I, to me (First person)
tana, tana, tanu (prathama purusa) -

naku, - - (uttama purusa)
nenu
. .

her, her, she (Third person) to me, I (First person)
- -
nuvvu, ni (madhyama purusa)
. niku- madhyama purusa - -
. naku uttama
purusa, - prathama purusa
. vallu
.. .
you, your (Second person)

to you (Second person); to me (First
person); them/they (Third person).

-
patham 5 Lesson 5
.
- - - manamu linga bhedamunu
- -
i pathamlo
. gurinci telusukundam.
In this lesson we learn about variations of gender.

- rakalu. -
- avi 1) pumlingam; 2) strilingam;
lingamulu mudu . 3) napumsakalingam.
;;
Genders are of three kinds. They are: 1. masculine gender; 2. feminine gender and
3) neuter gender.
- - e- lingamo- telusukundam.-
i kinda iccina'sabdalu
The following table shows examples of the three kinds of genders:

-
pumlingam strilingam napumsakalingam

masculine gender feminine gender neuter gender
- - -
raju rani
. kurci

King Queen chair
-
devudu -
devata gudi
. .

God Goddess temple
racayita racayitri racana

author authoress script
atadu -
ame adi
.

he she it
-
nayakudu -
nayika natana
. .

hero heroine acting

- - - - - ' - - -'
i mudu. rakamule kakunda
. konni ubhayalinga sabdalu vunnayi. a sabdamulu
- - pumlingamulaku- vartistayi.
-
srilingamulaku,

The names which can be applied either to a male or a female are of the Common
Gender (Ubhayalingamulu).
- ' ' - - -
- kodi,
udaharana
. : sisuvu, anatha, vidyarthi, ledi,
. . naukaru, vyakti modalainavi.
Examples: child, orphan, student, deer, fowl, servant, person.
-
ramudu - -
. vaccadu.
. sita vellindi.
..

-
Ramudu -
. came. Sita went.
pustakam sancilo- undi.
The book is in the bag.

- - - - - - - -
sita vellindi
.. antunnam.
. ramudu
. vaccadu. antunnam.
. sita strilingam-ramudu .
- kriyapadalu.
- anevi - - -
- sita vellindi ani, ramudu
-
pumlingam.ikkada . vellindi,
.. vaccadu
. .. .
- ani- annamu.
vaccadu - napumsakalingamaina -
pustakaniki undi annam.
-
- dini valana
.
-
karta yokka linganni batti - - - - - - -
. . kriya marutundi. ide vidhamga namavacakalaku baduluga
- - sarvanamalu
vade - - kuda - -
- - lingabhedaniki anugunamga - -
- maratayi.
. . .

In Telugu sentences we say:
-
Sita went. feminine gender
-
Ramudu . came. masculine gender.
The book is in the bag. neuter gender.
Similarly, pronouns will change as per the gender:

- - - - '- -
i sutranni teliyacese- marikonni udaharanalu
-
. parisiliddam.
Let us see some examples in support of this rule:
-
ramudu - atadu bajaru -
- velladu.
. ledu,
. . .. .

-
Ramudu. is not here. He has gone to the market.
-
ramudu -' - ani rasamu.
-' -
. pumlingam anduvalana kriyasabdam velladu .
-
Ramudu is pumlingam (masculine gender). So, the verb ending in Telugu is du
.
-.
(velladu).
.. .
- -
- - ledu, - - - -
sita kuda
. ame nillu
.. tevadaniki vellindi.
..
-
Sita also is not here. She has gone to fetch water.
- - - - - - ceppamu.
-
sita strilingam. anduvalana sita ledu, vellindi,
.. ani kriyapadam marci
- is feminine gender. That is why the verb endings in Telugu are changed to ledu,
Sita
vellindi.
..
-
pustakam sancilo- undi; danini -
cadavali.
The book is in the bag. I have to read it.

- - - inkoka visayam telusukundam.

-
i pathamlo
. .
Let us learn another point in this lesson.

- - padalu
sankyanu teliyacese - vacanalu.
- vacanalu - avi : ekavacanam,
- rendu vidhalu. -
.
bahuvacanam.
Words indicating numbers are known as singular number, plural number.


- -
namavacakam - vyaktinigani,
oka vastuvunigani, - pradesanni
-' - - sucincinapudu
gani -
. adi
-ekavacanam. okatikanna- ekkuva sankhyanu sucincinapudu
-
. . adi bahuvacanam.

If a noun indicates one place, person, or thing, it is said to be in Singular Number.

When a noun indicates more than one, it is in the Plural Number.
-
munduga- i kindi padalu
- gamanincandi.
.
Before we move on, read the following words.
-
ekavacanam bahuvacanam

Singular Number Plural Number
-
avu. -avulu.

cow. cows.
- -
mamidikaya. - -
mamidikayalu.
. .

mango. mangoes.
-
tota. -
totalu.
. .

garden. gardens.
- - avu
pai padallo - -
ekavacanam, -
avulu -
bahuvacanam. mamidikaya - ante- oka
. .
- -
mamidikayane - teliyacestundi.
- - -
mamidikayalu - bahuvacana'sabdam ceratam
ane -
. . . valla
okatikanna - - - - -
ekkuva ani teliyacestundi. ade vidhamga tota, - - -
. . totalu
. kuda..

In the above words, the word cow is in singular number; cows is in plural num-
ber. Mango indicates one mango fruit. By making that word plural mangoes it
indicates more than one fruit. So also the words garden and gardens.

- -
linga bhedanni batti - - - - - - -
- - nambarnu batti kuda
. . kriyapadalu, sarvanamalu marinattugane
.. .. .
- - -i kindi vakyalalo
maratayi. - - - marpunu
- gamanincandi.
.
Depending on the changes in the gender, there will be corresponding changes in

the verb and pronoun pattern in the Telugu language. Similarly, there will be changes
in verbs and pronouns depending on the changes in the number. Notice such changes
in the following sentences:
- - cuttu- mudu
ma- uri - kalavalu
- unnavi.
ma- uri
- pakkane- oka kalava undi. .. .

There is a canal by the side of our village. There are three canals around our village.
- - oka devalayam
ma- urilo - - undi. ma- urilo
- - nalugu
- - - - unnavi.
devalayalu

There is a temple in our village. There are four temples in our village.
ma- totalo
- - oka jama
- cettu
.. undi.
- - padi jama
ma- totalo - cetlu
. . . unnavi.

There is a guava tree in our garden. There are ten guava trees in our garden.

- na- snehitudu
repu - - - ma- snehitulu
- -
. vastadu.
. repu vastaru

My friend will come tomorrow. Our friends will come tomorrow.
unnadi, unnadu,- - - - - - -
. vaccindi, velladu,
. . . kasindi, pusindi vanti. sabdalu ekavacananni
'
- - ru, lu, vu, yi 'sabdalu
teliyacestayi. - bahuvacananni- - - vaccaru,
teliyacestayi. - unnaru,
-
- (he is), vacchindi (she / it

In the Telugu language, words like unnadi (it is), unnadu
- - - .
came), velladu
.. . (he went), kasindi (bore fruit), pusindi (bloomed), denote singular
number. Words which end in ru, lu, vu, yi, denote plural number. For example:
- (they are).
- (they came), unnaru
vaccaru
- -
i vindhamga- -ekavacanam, bahuvacanam vadatam . . jarugutundi.
Thus we use both singular and plural numbers.

-
ayite- konni padalaku -
matram -
ekavacana, -
bahuvacanalunnappatiki ekkuvaga-
.
-
-
bahuvacaname- vadutuntamu.
. .

Though some words have both singular and plural forms, in most cases only plural
form is used.
uda- : pesalu, godhumalu,
- kandulu, vadlu,
.
-
Example: Pesalu (green gram); godhumalu (wheat); kandulu (red gram), vadlu
. (paddy).
-
konni padalaku -
ekavacaname - - vadali.
- undadu. bahuvacanam matrame - - vatini
-
. . . nitya
- antam.- uda- : palu, -
- nillu.
bahuvacanalu . ..
Some words do not have the singular form at all. We have to use them as plurals.
-
They are called nitya bahuvacanamulu (forever plural forms). Examples: palu
-
(milk), nillu
. . (water).

-
patham 6 Lesson6
.
- - kosindi.
- - - kosindi.
-
sita pulu sita errati. pulu

- -
Sita plucked the flowers. Sita plucked the red flowers.
- navvindi.
papa -
- gaunu vesukunna
pula -
papa navvindi.

The baby smiled. The baby in the embroidered gown laughed.
- - - -
- kosindi
- ipudu errani pulu -
intaku mundu manam sita pulu kosindi annam. . annamu.
- -
Earlier we said, Sita plucked the flowers. Now we have said, Sita plucked the
red flowers.
- - - erraga- unnayani,
- - pulu - - gaunu vesukundani
- pula -
i matala
. dwara papa vivarana
.
- - ' -
istunnam. ave visesanalu.-
. .
Thus we are explaining that the flowers are red and the gown is embroidered.
These words are adjectives.
- - - - ' - -
i kindi vakyalalo visesanalu
. . gurtincandi..
Point out the adjectives in the following sentences:
a- pedda ceruvulo- erra tamaralu

- -
unnayi.

There are red lilies in that big tank.
- - - - -
mi inti
. pakka intilo
. ma mamayya unnadu. .

Your next-door neighbour is my maternal uncle.
-
ramu na- kanna- cala
- - cinnavadu.
-
.

-
Ramu is much younger than me.

- - muggu vestundi.
amma gummam mundu pratiroju -

Mother daily decorates the doorway with patterns made with lines of flour.
- -
a- nallagetu
- unnade- raju
.
- illu. - tiyani
niku repu -
mamidipallu -
. .. istanu.

-
Rajus house is the one with the I will give you sweet mangoes tomorrow.
black gate.
atadu - pedda nagaram.
. dhairyavantudu.
. bengaluru
.

He is a brave man. - is a big city.
Bengaluru
- -
adi lotaina ceruvu.
ati telivi anarthadayakam.

Over-smartness is harmful. That is a deep tank indeed.
-
turpu vaipuna unna bhavanam
- -
granthalayam. pustakam pedda ballamida undi.

The east-side building is a library. The book is on the big table.

-
javabulu Answers
pedda, erra intipakka --
cala
.

red next-door much
-
pratiroju nalla dhairyavantudu
.

daily black brave
- -
ati turpu vaipuna tiyani

over east-side sweet
pedda -
lotaina pedda

big deep big
ila- namavacakam
- - -
yokka gunanni
. vivaranga- ceppe- padalanu
- ' - - antam.
visesanalu
. . .
-
- -
namavacakam gurinci vivaramga,- spastamga- ceppadaniki
- '-
visesanam - - -i padala
kavali. -
.. . . .
dwara -
- - manam namavacakam
- gurinci ekkuva vivarana - ' - -
. ivvagalugutamu. visesanalanu
. .
- - -
inglisulo
. edjektives
. . antaru.
.

The adjective goes with a noun or pronoun adding to its meaning. Adjectives qualify
the nouns that follow them adding value to the sentence.

-
patham 7 Lesson 7
.
- - panulanni- kriyalu ani ceppukunnam
manam cese - kada!
-

We have already explained that our actions are known as verbs.
-
ramudu - - paddadu.
-
. vaccadu.
. raju .. .

-
Ramudu - fell.
. came. Raju
- - - navvindi.
sita padindi.
. papa

-
Sita sang. The baby smiled.
- - - - -' -
- kriyasabdalu.
paina rasina vaccadu,
. paddadu,
. . . padindi,
. navvindi anevi
-' - - - -
kriyasabdalanu inglisulo
. verbs antaru.
.
The underlined words in the above sentences are verbs indicating the action of the subject.
-
- venakki paddadu.
raju -
.. . sita madhuramga- padindi.
-
.

- fell on his back. -
Raju Sita sang sweetly.
amma aratipallu - - - kilakila navvindi.
. .. premato iccindi. papa

Mother gave bananas with love. The baby smiled charmingly.
- - - -
- kriyavisesanalu.- - padalu.
- kriyalu
kinda gita gisina padalu '
. . avi kriyala gurinci teliyaceyu
eppudu - - - - ela- jarigayo, - - -
- - entavaraku jarugutayo teliyaceyu
. jarugutayo, ekkada.- jarugutayo,
- -
padale - ' - - vitini inglisulo
- - kriyavisesanalu. edverbs -
antaru.
. . . . .

The underlined words in the above sentences are adverbs. An adverb is a word which
modifies or qualifies and expands the sense of a verb. So, an adverb goes with a verb
adding to its meaning when and where a certain action has taken place, and how
long it has taken, etc.

ippudu - ' - - - kurcina
' - - mariyu kriyavisesanalato - - -
- - cuddam.
. visesanalu,
. . . . marikonni vakyalu

' - -
Let us study some more sentences containing adjectives (visesanalu) and adverbs
. .
- ' - -
(kriyavisesanalu).
. .
- -
nalla kukkapilla parugetti adutondi.
.

The black puppy is running playfully.
a- pillalu prati adivaram

- - - -
- adataru.
banti ata
. .

Those children play ball games every Sunday.
- pusindi.
malle mokka ninduga -
.

The jasmine plant is in full bloom.
- rangu pensil mukkaluga- viricindi.

rani
.

- broke the colour pencil into pieces.
Rani
.

amma pullati - - - - telivaina abbayi.
-
. mamidikayalu
. konnadi. gopal

Mummy bought sour mangoes. - - is an intelligent boy.
Gopal
- phutbal
raju - - -- - -
radha - nalugava
phlat - antasthulo- undi.
. baga adatadu
. . .

- plays football well. -
Raju Radhas flat is on the fourth floor.
-
- a- pedda cettu mida - kattindi.
kaki .. cakkaga- gudu
. ..

The crow built its nest neatly on that big tree.
- - munduku padindi.
- gadapa dataleka
pillikuna . . .

Unable to cross the threshold, the feeble kitten fell headlong.
- -
oka tellatipitta
. .. budungumani
. nillalo
.. munigindi.

A white bird suddenly dived into the water.
- gadiyaram
-
pedda goda
. . thangumani
. ganta
. kottindi.
..

The big clock on the wall struck with a bang.
- -
- callaga- vistundi.
sayantram gali

The evening breeze blows pleasantly.
- cadivite- evi
- - rendusarlu
pai vakyalu - visesanalu
' - - evi - ' - - ane- visayam cakkaga-
- kriyavisesanalu
. . . . . .
- - - avuno- kado
- - kindi pattika cusi -
- telusikondi. -
mike telustundi. sariaina javabu .. . ilanti
.
-
- - konni miru kuda - - rayandi.
-
vakyalu . .
If you read the above sentences carefully, you will understand which words are
adjectives and which ones are adverbs. Now write some similar sentences yourself.
Verify your answers from the following list :

-
javabulu Answers
'- -
visesanalu - '- -
kriyavisesanalu
. . . .

Adjectives Adverbs
nalla prati parugetti -
banti ata
.

black every playfully football
rangu -
ninduga
. mukkaluga-

colour
full into pieces
pullati
. telivaina

sour - -
baga
intelligent
-
nalugava
well

fourth cakkaga- munduku
pedda
neatly headlong
big
budungumani
. thangumani
.
tellati pedda
.
suddenly with a bang
white big
-
sayantram callaga-

evening pleasantly

-
patham 8 Lesson8
.
manam ippudu - - - - -
siddamga- unnam.
. cinna cinna vakyalu rayadaniki
.

Now we are ready to write small sentences.
- edaina
kani - - visayam ceppinappudu manam ceppedi - -i roju
- ninna jarigina visayama, -
. . .
jarigina visayama,- repu
- jaragaboye - spastamga
- - visayama- anedi - undali.
-
. . .. .

Whatever we say, it should be very specific whether we are indicating the present
action, or a past action or a future action.
-
ala- undalante
-- - - - -
. . e kalam gurinci cebutunnamo teliyali.
For this, we should know the tense of the verb we are writing about.
- ninna uttaram rasanu.
nenu -' -

I wrote a letter yesterday.
- - - - - - - -
i vakyam jarigipoina visayam
. gurinci teliyacestundi. dinini bhutakalam antamu.
.

This sentence describes a past action.
- -
bhutakalam anaga- jarigipoyindi.
-
- -
Time that is past is called bhutakalam (Past Tense).
- uttaram rastunnanu
nenu - -
I am writing a letter.
- - - - -
- kalam
i vakyam ippudu
. jarugutunna visayam
. gurinci teliyacestundi. dinini vartamana
-
antamu.
.

This sentence mentions a present act. This is known as simple present tense.

- -
vartamana kalam anaga- jarugutunnadi.
- -
Time now is called the vartamanakalam (Present Tense).
- repu
nenu - -
- uttaram rastanu.
I will write a letter tomorrow.

- - - - danini
- - - - -
i vakyam jaragaboye gurinci teliyacestundi. dinini bhavisyat kalam antam.
.
This sentence talks of a future act. Time to come is future tense.
- -
samanyamga - telugulo- kriyalu vakyaniki
- - civaraga- vastayi.
- - linga
intavaraku,
- - - - vacana bhedalalonu
bhedalalonu, - - - - kriya- 'sabdalu
- maradam
- -
. gurinci telusukunnam.
- - - - kriyasabdam
-' - - '-
- - parisiliddam.
-
kalam marinappudu. kuda. marutundi. i kindi vakyalu

In Telugu sentences, verbs usually come towards the end of the sentence. We have so
far learnt that verbs change depending on the changes in gender and number. When
there is a change of tense, the verb also changes. Let us study some sentences:
- -
ramudu -
sita ninna vaccindi. . ninna vaccadu.
.

- came yesterday.
Sita -
Ramudu
. came yesterday.
- - -
sita ippudu
. vastundi. ramudu
. ippudu
. vastunnadu.
.

-
Sita comes now. -
Ramudu
. comes now.
- - -
ramudu - -
sita repu vastundi. . repu vastadu.
.

- -
Sita will come tomorrow. Ramudu
. will come tomorrow.

-
ramudu - - - -- - - -'
. ninna vaccadu.
. anaga bhutakalanni sucince ninna annappudu . kriyasabdam
-
vaccadu - - - bhavisyat kalanni -- - -
- repu
. annamu. repu vastadu . . sucince annappudu.
-' - - - - -
kriyasabdam vastadu. ani marindi. sita strilingam kanuka vaccindi, vastundi annamu.
-
ramudu - - annamu.-
. pumlingam kanuka vaccadu, . vastadu .

- - -
Ramudu . came yesterday. Here, the word ninna (yesterday) indicates bhutakalam
(past tense). Hence the verb vaccadu - -
- . (came). When we use the word repu -
(tomorrow), it indicates bhavisyatkalam
. (future tense). Hence the verb vastadu .
-
(will come). Sita being feminine gender, the verb in the past tense is vacindi; and in
-
the future tense the verb will be vastundi. So also, Ramudu
- . being-masculine gender,
the verb in the past tense is vaccadu,. and in the future tense vastadu.
.
- - -- - - - mi- matalaku
- - - lekapote -
mukyamaina i mudu . kalalu telusukuni matladali.
. . . artham undadu.
.
When we talk we must be mindful of these three tenses. Otherwise, what we

talk will not make sense.
- - - - - - - - - -
i mudu. kalalu kaka jarugutu vunna kalam marokati . undi. danini inglisulo
.
-
kantinyuvas -
tens antaru. -
mudu - - - - - - -
. . . kalallonu aya samayalalo jarugutunna panini gurinci
-
adi teliyacestundi.

In addition to these three tenses, there is another one called Continuous Tense. The
- -
vartamanakalam (Present Continuous Tense) describes an action taking place. And
so the action is incomplete. So is the case with Past Continuous Tense and Future
Continuous Tense.
jarugutu- unna kalam. -
Continuous tense:
-
radha - pustakam caduvutu- untundi.
repu
-
radha ninna pustakam caduvutu- undindi.
. .

-
Radha was reading the book yesterday. -
Radha will be reading the book tomorrow.

-
radha pustakam caduvutu- undi.
-
Radha is reading the book.
-
radha - testu- undindi. testu- undindi ane- kriya bhutakalamlo
ninna pulu - - - jarugutu-
. .
-
unnadanni -
teliyacestundi.

-
Radha was bringing flowers yesterday. (The verb was bringing is in the Past
- -
Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam).
- bommalu vestu
- - unnadu.
- anaga- prastutam bommalu vestu - - unnadu.
- kabatti
- - -
raju . . .. i vakyam
- kalamlo
vartamana - - pani jarugutunnatluga- teliyacestundi.
-
.

- is drawing pictures. (The verb is in the Present Continuous Tense a continuing

Raju
- -
work in vartamanakalam the Present tense.)
- repu
raju - - untadu.
- bommalu vestu - - - - -
. . ikkada
. kriya bhavisyat
. kalamlo jarugutu unde
. visayam
.
-
teliyacestundi.

- will be drawing pictures tomorrow. (The verb, here, is in the Future Continuous
Raju
-
Tense) a continuous tense in the bhavisyatkalam.
.
-
ramu - - unnadu.
ninna banti adutu -
. .
-
Ramu was playing with a ball yesterday.
- -
(The verb is in the Past Continuous tense a continuing work in bhutakalam.)
ramani - -
. pulu testu undi.
Ramani
. is bringing flowers.
- pulu
- repu
raju - testu- untadu.
-
. .
- will be bringing flowers tomorrow.

Raju

- - - - unnadi.
sita pata
. padutu
.
-
Sita is singing a song.
- -
(The verb is in the Present Continuous tense a continuing work in vartamanakalam.)
-
a- samayaniki
- - laibrariki
raju -
veltu -
. unnadu.
.
- ninna uyala
papa - - - undindi.
ugutu .

- was going to the library at that time.
Raju The baby was swinging yesterday.
ramani - - -
. pulu testu untundi.
- uyala
papa - - unnadi.
ugutu
.

Ramani
. will be bringing flowers. The baby is swinging.
-
radha - teccindi.
ninna pulu - uyala
- repu
papa - - - untundi.
ugutu .

-
Radha brought flowers yesterday. The baby will be swinging tomorrow.
ramani - - - - repu
- pulu
- testadu.
-
. roju pulu testundi. raju .

Ramani - will bring flowers tomorrow.
. brings flowers daily. Raju

- - koyadaniki
- - - -
- sayantram - - - -
radha pulu . veltu
. untundi.
. repu sita eluru veltu
. untundi.
.

- - - -
Radha will be going to pluck flowers. Sita will be going to Eluru tomorrow evening.
telugulo- mukhyamga- bhutakalam,

- - - -
vartamanakalam, --
bhavisyatkalalanu
. anusarinci
-'
kriyasabdam -
marutundi.

When the tenses are changed, the verb also changes.
- - - - - - - -
ippudu
. alanti. marpunu i kindi vakyala dwara gamaniddam.
Shall we look at some more sentences to know such changes?
- - - - -
bhutakalam vartamanakalam bhavisyatkalam
.

Past tense Present tense Future tense
-
- velladu
ranganna bajaru - -
ranganna bajaru veltunnadu - - -
.. . . . ranganna repu bajaru veltadu.
. .

Ranganna went to Ranganna goes to the Ranganna will go to the
the market. market. market tomorrow.
- - badiki vellindi.
meri - - badiki veltunnadi.
meri - - ellundi badiki veltundi.
meri
. .. . . . . .

Mary went to school. Mary goes to school. Mary will go to school the
day after tomorrow.
- - - - - - -
rahim pandlu
. teccadu.
. rahim pandlu
. testunnadu.
. rahim sayantram pandlu
. testadu.
.

- -
Rahim brought fruits. Rahim brings fruits. Rahim will bring fruits in the
evening.

karuna - padindi.
- - - - padutundi.
-
. pata
. . karuna
. padutunnadi.
. karuna
. repu pata
. .

Karuna
. sang a song. Karuna
. sings a song. Karuna
. will sing a song
tomorrow.
amala ninna vaccindi. amala vastunnadi. - vastundi.
amala repu

Amala came yesterday. Amala comes. Amala will come tomorrow.
- - - avi nirantara kriyalu. vatini
konni kalamto- nimittam lekunda
- - -
. eppudu
. jarigevi untayi.
.
-
.
- - - - antaru.
-
inglisulo
. yunivarsal truts .

There are some universal truths, true at any time and for all times:
-
vantena kinda nunci nadi pravahistundi. suryudu -
. turpuna udayincunu.

The river flows under the bridge. The sun rises in the east.
- - -
- mallelu pustayi.
vesavilo vennela callaga- undunu.
.

Jasmines bloom in summer. The moonlight is cool.

- - e- kalaniki
kinda iccina vakyalu - - sambandincinavo- gurtincandi.
.
Name the tenses of the following sentences:

-
sita a- pustakam cadivindi.

-
Sita read that book.
-
radha -
padutunnadi.
.

- sings.
Radha
- - badiki veltu- undindi.
meri . . .

Mary was going to school.
memu - pustaka pradarsanaku

- repu ' -
veltamu.
.

We will go to the book exhibition tomorrow.
- -i samayaniki
- repu
nenu - -
ma- uriki -
veltu -
. untanu.
.

By this time tomorrow, I will be going to our village.
-
ame, monna ma- intiki
. vaccindi.

She came to our house the day before yesterday.
- vaccesariki
ame - - caduvukuntu- untini.
nenu . .
By the time she came, I was reading.
- suryudu
bhumi - -
. cuttu
.. tirugutundi.

The earth goes round the sun.

- poyina
abraham - -' -
- uttaram rasadu.
samvatsaram naku .

Abraham wrote me a letter last year.
- - - rendu samvatsarala
ayesa - kritam kaleji
- - caduvu purti
- cesindi.
-
. .
- --
Ayesa. completed her collegiate studies two years back.
- -
inko- samvatsaraniki
- hari injaniring purtavutundi.

Haris engineering will be completed in a years time.
-
javabulu Answers
- - unnadi jarugutu- unna vartamanakalam
padutu - -
.

is singing present continuous tense.
- -
cadivindi bhutakalam.

read past tense.
-
padutunnadi - -
vartamanakalam.
.

sings simple present tense.
-
veltu - -
jarugutu- unna bhutakalam
. undindi
.

was going past continuous tense.
-
veltamu -
bhavisyatkalam
. .

will go future tense.
veltu- - -
jarugutu- unde -
. untanu.
. . bhavisyatkalam
.

will be going future continuous tense.

- -
vaccindi. bhutakalam

came simple past tense.
- - - -
chaduvukuntu
. untini.
. jarugutu unna bhutakalam

was reading past continuous tense.
-
tirugutundi. nirantaram jarigedi

goes round ever happening action. (This simple present tense is also used
to express some general fact or eternal truth.)
-' -
rasadu. - -
. bhutakalam

wrote past tense.
- -
purticesindi. - -
bhutakalam

completed past tense.
-
purtavutundi. -
bhavisyatkalam
.

will be completed future tense.

-
patham 9 Lesson9
.
-i pathamlo
- - manam avyayalu- ane- padala
- gurinci telusukundam.
- rendu padala - madya
. - .
nunna sambandanni - i avyayalu - - linga, vacana, kala
- teliyacestayi. - bhedalanu
- - batti
- - - - - - - - - - . .-
avyayalu maravu. vitini . vibhaktyarthaka padalani kuda antaru.
. i padalanu inglisulo
.
-
pripojisans -
antaru.
. .

- which means indeclinable words words

In this lesson let us learn about avyayalu
not liable to change. They are immutable, eternal. In English they are called
prepositions. They are used to show the relationship of a word to other words in a
sentence. They are also called vibhaktyardhaka padamulu in Telugu.
-
udaharanalu :examples:
.
-
a- cettukomma
.. mida cilaka unnadi. balla kinda pensilu padindi.
.

There is a parrot on a branch of the tree. The pencil has fallen under the table.
balla, pensilu rendu -

. padalu. pensilu ballakinda padindi. ani ceppadam
. valana adi
-
oka ardhavantamaina vakyam ayindi.

Table and pencil are two words. When we say, The pencil has fallen under the
table, it is a complete and meaningful sentence.
-
ramuki, - - madhya'syam
rajuki - unnadu.
-
.
' - - -
Shyam is in between Ramu and Raju.
- - - - - -
radhanu tiki
. pilicanu,ayina raledu.
-
I invited Radha for tea; but she did not turn up.
krusna - - - - - --
. . kosame custunna, kani raledu.
Krisna
. . has not come yet; I am waiting for him.

-
samuccayalu
Conjunctions
- - samuccayalu
telugu bhasalo - rendu padalanu
- - rendu vakyalanu
gani, - - - kaluputayi.
gani -
. . .
-
samuccayalanu - - kanjenkshans antaru.
inglisulo - samana
- dharmam kala vakyalane
- - - ivi
. .
-
kaluputayi.

Samuccayalu- (Conjunctions) in the Telugu language connect words with words as
well as sentences with sentences. (However, the words connected must be of the same
grammatical part of speech and of the same grammatical construction.)
- - - - - - -
kamala mariyu sita akka cellellu
.. ane vakyamlo sitaku, kamalaku unna sambandham
mariyu ane- samuccayam teliyacestundi.
-
-
Kamala and Sita are sisters. Here the conjunction and connects two nouns showing
their relationship.
- cadavagaladu, mariyu rayagaladu
ramu -
. .
-
Ramu can read, and write as well.
- oka kalam ayina- pensil ayina- ivvandi. ane- vakyamlo
naku - - kalamu, pensil rendu
. .
- - okati kavali
vastuvulalo- edo - - ani ardham, ayina- ane- padam valla vaccindi.
.

Give me either a pen or a pencil.

In this sentence, a choice is expressed. Either or is an alternative conjunction
denoting either a pen or a pencil.
ikkada - - - anavaccu.
. kalamu leka pensil ani kuda.
In this sentence we can use only or to convey the meaning. Give me a pen or a
pencil.

ikkada - - - - - - - - -
. ayina, leka ane padalu emi teliyacestunnavi? naku pennu kani pensilu kani
- - -
kavalani. i vidhamga- rendu - - - - - - - -
. padalanu gani, vakyalanu gani kalipe padalu samuccayalu.

In these sentences, what do the words either or and or indicate? I want a pen or
a pencil. Conjunctions therefore connect words with words as well as sentences with
sentences.
- anduvalana, vale, varaku, ayinappatiki- vanti padalu

mariyu, kani, -
- samuccayalu.
. .
Some other conjunctions are: and, but, therefore, like, too, till, however, as well as,
further, neither-nor, either or, moreover.
- - - - samuccayalanu -
i kindi vakyalalo gurtincandi.
.
-
Point out the conjunctions (samuccayalu) in the following:
- mancivadu
gopi -
- mariyu telivainavadu.
. .

- is a good boy and intelligent as well.
Gopi
raju - - caduvutadu
- baga - kani
- allari cestadu.
- -
. .

- reads well, but plays mischief.
Raju
- ayevaraku
na- pani purti - - - - vellu.
- undu, lekapote
. ..

Wait till I complete my work, or else you can go.
atadu - - - parudu.
- ayina- nijayiti
. pedavadu
. .

Though poor, he is honest.
-
ninna sayantram --
- vaccindi andukani ma- akka raledu.
vana

It rained last evening; so my sister did not come.

-
javabulu Answers
mariyu -
kani - - -
lekapote

and but or else
ayina- andukani

though so (reason for an action)

-
patham 10 Lesson10
.
- - - - manam -i pathamlo
- - telugulo- vibhaktulu vunnayi. - -
- vatini
inglisulo
. keslu unnatlugane
. . .
-
gurinci telusukundam.

Just as there are cases in the English language, there are vibhaktulu in the Telugu
language. Let us learn about these vibhaktulu (cases) in this lesson.
- - padala
vakyamlo -
- madhya gala sambandhanni - - vibhaktulu.
teliyacesevi
Vibhakti indicates relationship between the words in a sentence.
-
ramudu ane- vakyamlo
- - karta edi?
- - - -
. kukkanu kottenu
.. karta ramudu.
. ramudu. emi
-' -
cesadu? - -
. kottadu.
.. . anaga kottadam
.. . kriya. evarini? kukkanu. kukka karma.
-
Ramudu -
. beat the dog. What is the subject in this sentence? Ramudu. is the subject.
-
What did Ramudu . do? He beat. (Beating is an action. So it is the verb.) Whom did
he beat? He beat the dog. So, dog is the object.
-
ramudu, - - - - - -
. kukka ivi rendu
. namavacakale. kottuta
.. . anedi kriya.
-
Ramudu
. and dog are nouns.Beat is the verb.
-
kukka 'sabdaniki nu ane- vibhakti ceradam
- -
valana adi ramudu
. . kukkanu kottenu.
..
- - - - - - - -
ane ardhavantamaina vakyamga marindi. anaga karta cese panini teliyacestunnadi.

Adding nu to the word dog made it a meaningful sentence. In other words, that
case-ending nu makes the work of the subject very clear.

inko- udaharana
- - -
. cuddam.
Let us see another example:

-
idi sita kalamu.
-
This is Sitas pen.
- -
ante
. adi sita yokka kalamu.
- - - - -
ikkada. sitaku kalaniki unna sambandhamemiti?
. yokka ane padam sita hakkunu
-
teliyacestunnadi.

- -
It means, this pen belongs to Sita. Here, what is the relation between Sita and pen? It
- -
is Sitas pen. Sita possesses it. She has a right over the pen.
-
maroka vakyam
Let us consider another sentence:

- -
sita radha koraku pandlu
. teccindi.

- -
Sita brought fruits for Radha.
- -
sita pandlu
. teccindi. evari koraku? radha koraku.
- - - -
sita cesina kriya, pandlu
. tevadam.
. evarikoraku radha koraku.
ikkada -
. koraku anedi vibhakti.

-
Sita brought fruits.
For whom?
-
For Radha.
-
What did Sita do? She brought fruits. That was her action kriya (verb).
-
For whom? For Radha. The fourth case-ending for (koraku) is used to indicate syntactic
- -
relation between Sita, Radha and fruits.

- -
- oka vakyamlo -
- karta, karma, kriyalaku gala sambandhanni - -
i vidhamga, avi cese
-
panulanu, cesina - -
vidhananni vivaranga- ceppadaniki
- - -
vibhaktulu upayogapadatayi.
. .
telugulo- edu
-
. mukhyamaina vibhaktulu. okarini pilavadaniki .
- -
upayogincedi -
-
sambodhana - vibhakti. ivanni- okati rendu aksharala,
- padala- cerikato
- - vakyaniki
- -
. .
- - arthalanu
ververu - - -i kindi vibhaktulu cudandi.
istayi. -
. .
Vibhaktulu (cases) are therefore used to show the syntactic relation between the subject,
object and verb, and to explain clearly the work they do and how they do it. In the
Telugu language, vibhaktulu are of seven kinds. Various case-forms are expressed with
the aid of various prepositions or case-endings. Examine the following vibhaktulu
(cases): There is another case form to address others. It is known as vocative case or
Nominative case of address.
prathama- vibhakti du,

. mu, vu, lu

nominative case du,
. mu, vu, lu.
'du' -
. pumlinga sabdalaku vastundi.
'
-
uda- : ramudu,
. krusnudu,
.. .
The first case-ending du

. is applicable to masculine nouns.
-
Eg: Ramudu, Krisnudu.
. .. .
-
'mu' napumsakalingalaku vastundi.
-
uda : daivamu, vanamu, vrukshamu

mu is applicable to nouns of neuter gender.
Eg: deity, forest, a tree.

- - 'sabdalaku,
'vu' ukaranta - - 'sabdaniki
go - vastundi.
- -
uda :jantuvu, taruvu, madhuvu, govu
Vu is applicable to words ending with U sound and to the word go (cow).

Eg: animal, tree, honey, cow.
'lu' bahuvacanamlo vastundi.
- govulu
uda- : strilu, -

lu is aplicable to plural forms.

- -
Eg: strilu (women), govulu (cows).
atadu - - vikasincayi.
-
. ramudu . pulu '

-
He is Ramudu. The flowers have bloomed.
.
-avu sadhu
- -
jantuvu. a vanamu andamuga- unnadi.

Cow is a domestic animal. That garden is beautiful.
-
paina cadivina ramudu,
. vanamu, jantuvu ane- padalalo
- - vadina
-
. du,
. mu, vu, lu
prathama- vibhakti.
-
In the above sentences, Ramudu,
. vanamu, jantuvu .du, mu, vu, are the first case
-
(prathama vibhakti or Nominative Case) endings.

-
dwitiya- vibhakti -
ni, nu, la, gurci, gurinci
-
accusative case ni, nu, la, gurchi, gurinchi.
-
karmaku sambandhinci dwitiya- vibhakti vastundi. kriya yokka phalanni
- evaru
- - -
anubhavistaro, varu karma

The case that relates to the object in a sentence is called Accusative or Objective Case
- - vibhakti or second case in the order). A noun or noun equivalent is in the
(dwitiya
Accusative or Objective Case when it is used as the direct object of a transitive verb.

- -
sitanu pilicanu.
-
I called Sita.
- - -
ikkada. pilavadam
.
-
kriya. evarini pilicanu? sitanu. sita karma. 'nu' ane- dwitiya- vibhakti
- -
sitanu cerindi.

- -
Here, called is the verb. Whom did I call? Sita. (Sitanu)
- -
So, Sita is the object. In Telugu, it is Sitanu. In the second case, the case-ending
-
nu is added to the object Sita.
-
tallini mincina daivamu ledu. -
rajuni rammanu.

No deity is greater than mother. - to come.
Ask Raju
- naku
- teliyadu. - - telusu.
atani gurci ni gurinci naku

I do not know anything about him. I know about you.

- - - - -
trutiya- vibhakti cetan, ce(n), todan,
. to(n)

-
instrumental case chetan,
- che, todan,
. to.
-'
- - paniki evaru asrayam - - varu - -
- karta. trutiya -
kriya cese avutaro vibhakti kartaku cerutundi.
A noun or its equivalent about which something is said (predicated) in a sentence is

-
called the subject. The third case (trutiya- vibhakti) relates to the subject.
- ceta
papa - pustakam cadivincu.
Get the book read by the girl.

cadivincadam - papaceta.
kriya-evari ceta? - -
.

To make the baby read (chadivincu) is the verb.
-
By whom (evariceta)?
- -
By the girl (papaceta).
Other sentences can be similarly formed.

- - - vastanu.
nito- nenu - -
'santam - saukyamu untundi.
toda
. .

I will also come with you. Happiness exists along with peace.
- - ramani kuda
rajuto - - vaccindi.
. .
Ramani -
. also came along with Raju.

-
caturthi vibhakti koraku, kai

dative case koraku, kai.
-
evari nimittam kriya jarugutundo- variki
- caturthi vibhakti vastundi.
The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them,
-
indicating an indirect object or recipient, is known as Dative Case (caturthi vibhakti
for, to).
atadu - -
. ramuni koraku vaccadu. .
-
ramuni koraku.
-
He came for Rama.
-
For Ramu.
atadu -
. vaccadu.
.
- radhakai
nenu - - teccanu.
pulu -
He came.

enduku? -
I have brought flowers for Radha.
Why?
-
paramatmudu - - -
. dharma rakshnakai
. anekasarlu avatarincadu.
.
God manifested Himself time and again on the earth to protect righteousness
(Dharma).

-
pancami vibhakti valana, kante,
. patti
..

ablative case valana, kante,
. patti.
..
-
apayamu, -
bhayamu, parajayam, -
pramadam, -
alasyam modalainavi jariginappudu,
. avi
- - - - - -
enduku jarigayo a karanam
. ceppadaniki
. pancami vibhakti vastundi.

The case of nouns or pronouns and words in grammatical agreement with them
indicating an agent, instrument or location is Ablative Case (pancami- vibhakti
valana, kante,
. patti
.. by, than, on account of). It indicates the cause of certain effect
or result.
-
coruni valana bhayamu kaligindi.
Fear was caused by the thief.

- - -
i pani ni valana alasyam ayindi.
This work has been delayed on account of you.

- - telisindi.
hanumantuni valana sitamma jada
.
- -
The whereabouts of Sitamma were made known by Hanuman.
-
rajuni batti - - vaccadu.
-
. . ranga kuda
. .
-
Ranga also came on account of Raju.
- kante ramana balavantudu.

vasu . . .
Ramana -
. is stronger than Vasu.

- - -
sasti
. . . vibhakti ki, ku, yokka, lo, lopala

- lopala.
genitive case ki, ku, yokka, lo, -
- - - -
sambandhanni teliyacesetappudu
. . sasti
. . . vibhakti vastundi.
The Genitive Case primarily expresses possession, and from that it has been extended
-
to many kindred relations. This is the sasti
. . vibhakti with sixth case-ending of ki, ku,
- -
yokka, lo, lopala to. of, in, and s.
- -i visayam teliyadu.
idi ramani(yokka)
. pennu. rajuki .

This is Ramanis - does not know about this matter.
Raju
. pen.
- -
a- visayam
.
- telusu; niku
naku telusu. atani(yokka) gunam
. andariki telusu.

You and I know about it. Everybody knows about his character.
-
lata illu ikkadaku
.
-
daggare. ni- mansu lopala
- --
alocana nike- telusu.

Latas house is not far from here. Only you know what is in your mind.
- illu uripakka
vasu - - - unnadi.
totalo
.
-
Vasus house is in the garden on the outskirts of the village.
- lopala
vallu - gadilo- matladukuntunnaru.
- - -
.. . . .
They are talking in the room.

-
saptami vibhakti andu, na.

locative case andu, na.
- - - - -
adharanni
- teliyacesetappudu
. . saptami vibhakti vastundi.
The Locative Case (saptami- vibhakti andu , na) relates to nouns, pronouns, and
adjectives, expressing location (a particular place or position in which a person or
thing is.)
bhagavantudu -
. endu cusina andu kaladu.
.
Wherever you look, there is God. (Or) God is everywhere.
-
amma yandu orpu ekkuva. a- darina
- dongala bhayam ekkuva.

Mother has a lot of patience. There is a threat of robbers on that road.
- cettuna cala
jama -
- - kayalu unnavi. - -' - lekkalenanni
akasana - cukkalu unnavi.
..

There are plenty of fruits on the guava tree. There are countless stars in the sky.
(The guava tree has plenty of fruits.)
- - untaru. - - - -
punyatmulu
. svargana .
- i cikatina
. padi
. ela veltavu?
.

The virtuous men stay in the heaven. How can you go in this darkness?

- - - -
sambodhana- prathama- vibhakti o, oyi
-
Vocative case or nominative case of address (sambodhana - prathama- vibhakti):
-
O, you, hi, hello, hey.
- - sambodhincadaniki, - -
i vibhakti-evarinaina- pilavadaniki,
.
- anaga -
.
- upayogistamu.
- -
Nominative Case of Address or Vocative Case is used to address a person (sambodhana
- - -
vibhakti ) o, oyi hey, you, hi, hello.
purusuni - - ani, strilanu

oyi
- - ani- sambodhistaru.
o - -
.
-
Oyi refers to man.
-
O is used to address a woman. It may imply closeness or contempt.
- -
o- sita! itu -
. ra!
-
Hey Sita! Come here.
- - atu vellaku!
oyi! . ..

Hey, dont go that side!
-o krusna!
-
. . nannu rakshincu!
- -
O Krisna!
. . Come to my rescue.

-
patham 11 Lesson11
.
-
- ardhanni - - - -
purti icce- pada samudayanni
- - vakyam -
antamu.
. dinini inglisulo
. sentence
.
-
antaru.
.

A sentence is a group of words making complete sense.
- - mudu
vakyalu - - vibhajimpabaddayi
- vidhaluga -
. ..
- -
1. samanya -
vakyam
-
2. samyukta vakyam
3. samslista -
. . vakyam
'

Sentences are classified as follows:
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
- -
samanya -
vakyam
simple sentence.
- -
samanya -
vakyamlo- karta, karma, kriya anevi -
- pradhanamaina - - -
vakyangalu.

A simple sentence contains subject, object and verb (karta, karma and kriya) in that
order.
-
udaharanalu :examples:
.
kamala andanga- untundi.
. vimala telivainadi.

Kamala is beautiful. Vimala is intelligent.
- - caduvutadu.
- baga
raju - ramani
. . badiki
. vellindi.
..

- studies well.
Raju Ramani
. went to school.

-
samyukta vakyam
Compound sentence
rendu - - - - - - - - - - -
. leka mudu . samanya vakyalu kalasi oke vakyamga marite adi samyukta
-
vakyamavutundi. ala- kalapadaniki
- - kani
mariyu leka - vanti -
. . samuccayalu
- -
sahayapadatayi.
.

A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined together by

coordinating conjunctions but, and, etc.
-
sita akka, kamala cellelu.
-
Sita is the elder sister, and Kamala is the younger sister.
- -
sita (mariyu) kamala akkacellellu.
..
-
Sita and Kamala are sisters.
-
ramu - - caduvutadu.
baga - ranga baga
- - caduvutadu.
-
. .
-
Ramu reads well. Ranga reads well.
-
ramu - - caduvutaru.
(mariyu) ranga baga -
-
Ramu and Ranga read well.
- baga
vasu - - caduvutadu. - maracipotadu.
- vasu - -
. .
- reads well. Vasu

Vasu - forgets.
- baga
vasu - - caduvutadu - maracipotadu.
- kani - -
. .
- reads well but forgets soon.

Vasu
-
atanu rajuki - atanu rajuki
annayya? - tammuda?-
.
-
- Is he the younger brother of Raju?
Is he the elder brother of Raju?

- - tammuda?
- leka -
atanu rajuki annayya? .
-
Is he the elder or younger brother of Raju?
-
'sailaja patalu - - -
. rastundi. sailaja patalu
'
. padutundi.
.
'Sailaja writes poems. 'Sailaja sings songs.
-
'sailaja patalu - -
. rastundi, padutundi.
.
'Sailaja writes poems and sings, too.
' -
. . vakyam
samslista

Complex sentence
- vakyamto
oka pradhana - - okatigani
- antakante- ekkuva apradhana
- vakyalu
- - kalisi vakyam
-
- - - . . -
erpadite danini samslista - - - - - -
' .. vakyam antaru. purti arthanni icce vakyanni pradhana -
- . - arthanni .
- - -
vakyam ani, purti - ivvani vakyanni - vakyam
apradhana -
ani antaru. kriya
- - - - - - .
-
samaptam kakapote vakyam purti ardhanni ivvadu.

A sentence may also be made up of two or more clauses, one of which is dependent
on, or subordinate to, another. Such a sentence is called a Complex Sentence.
-
ramudu - -
- vakyam. anaga- arthavantamaina vakyam.
-
. velladu.
.. idi pradhana

-
Ramudu. went. This is the main sentence which gives a clear meaning.
-
ramudu -
- ramudu -
. velladu.
.. . vaccadu.
.
-
Ramudu -
. went. Ramudu. came.
ane- vatini
- - - - -
. kalipi ramudu
. velli
.. vaccadu,
. ani rastamu.
-
We can club these two sentences thus: Ramudu - -
. velli
.. vaccadu.
. (Ramudu,
. after going
out, returned.)

-
ramudu - anedi
- purti
- arthanni
-
. velladu
.. istundi.
-
The sentence, ramudu - -
. velladu
.. . (Ramudu
. went.) makes complete sense.
-
ramudu - - - - - - - - -
- . velli
.. anedi apradhana vakyam. kriya padam purti kakunda
. vakyaniki artham
ledu.

-
The expression, ramudu -
. velli
.. (Ramudu
. having gone) does not give complete meaning.
The verb is incomplete.
velli-cesi, - navvi - ila

- cusi, - vallu -
- edaite - - - a- kriya madhyalo- -agipote,
- cestunnaro - - avi
.. ..
- vakyalu.
apradhana - -
- - ala- agipoyina -
kriyalu asamapaka kriyalu.

Having gone (velli), - -

.. having done (chesi), having seen (cusi), sporting a smile (navvi),
they are, he became, do not mean anything. They need some complements of the
verbs, as they help to complete the meaning of the sentences. These are some types of
incomplete verbs.
- pustakam cadivindi. rani

rani - nidrapoyindi.
-
. .
- read the book. Rani

Rani - slept off.
. .
- pustakam cadivi nidrapoyindi.
rani -
.
- slept off.
Having read the book, Rani
.

-
patham 12 Lesson12
.
anukarana -
. vakyamulu rendu
. vidhamulu :

There are two forms of speech
-
pratyakshanukaranam - -
parokshanukaranam
. .

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
-
pratyakshanukaranam :
.
Direct Speech
- - ceppindi ceppinatluga- anukarincatam. a- matalu

- edutivaru
pratyakshanukaranamlo -
. . . . .
- - uncali.
kotesanlo -
. .
-
In pratyakshanukaranam (Direct Speech) we give the words of the speaker in
.
quotation marks without changing the words.
-
konni udaharanalu : Some examples:
.
- a- pani naku
vasu - cestanu,
- telusu, nenu - - -
annadu.
.
-
I know that work. I will do it, said Vasu.
-
amma nannu, sayantram - andi.
twaraga- ra,
Come early in the evening, said my mummy to me.
- -
ticar
. miranta- mokkalu natandi,
- -
. . annaru.
All of you plant saplings, said the teacher.


- gopito
raju - - sraddaga
' - caduvu, annadu.
-
.
- to Gopi.
Pay more attention to studies, said Raju -
- - - kotta battalu, ani ammanu adigindi.
sunita nakevi .. .
-
What about new clothes for me? Sunitha asked her mother.
- katha ceppu, katha ceppu, ani godava cestundi.
papa -
.
The baby pesters me, Tell me a story, tell me a story.

- -
parokshanukaranam :
.
Indirect Speech:
- -
parokshanukaranamlo- okaru ceppina vakyanni
- - - - ceppali.
mana matalato -
- kotesans
. . . .
undavu. - sarvanamalu
avasaramaina cota - - upayogincali.
- -
. .
- -
In the parokshanukaranam (Indirect Speech), the words uttered by the speaker are
.
not given, and no quotation marks are used. In other words, the speaker is not quoted
verbatim.
-
- a- pani tanaku telusani, - annadu.
-
vasu tane- cestanani
- -
.
- said that he knew that work, and so he would do it.

Vasu
- nenu
raju - - ceppamannadu.
- ekkadiki veltunnano -
. . .
- asked me to tell where I was going.

Raju
-
amma nannu sayantram twaraga- rammandi.
Mummy asked me to come back early in the evening.


- -
ticar
. ma- andarini mokkalu natamannaru.
-
.
-
The teacher asked us to plant saplings.
-
- gopini
raju -
'sraddaga- cadavamannadu.
.
- advised Gopi
Raju - to pay more attention to his studies.
- -
sunita tanaku kotta battalu
. . evi ani ammanu adigindi.
.
-
Sunitha asked her mother about new clothes for her.
- -
- katha ceppamani godava cestondi.
papa .
The baby pesters me to tell her a story.

- - - ela- ceppina- intaku mundu telusukunna visayalu - -
- gurtuncukovali.
miru emi ceppina, .
- - bhuta,- bhavisyat, vartamana - - ekavacanam,
- kalalu, - -
linga bhedalu, . bahuvacanam vitini
.
- - vacce- marpulu
- - -
anusarinci kriya- padalalo - - vitini
gurtuncukovali. . batti
.. vakyam
arthavantamga- tayaravutundi.
-

Remember all the points we have dealt with so far to gain fluency in Telugu. Also
remember the inevitable changes in the verb patterns depending upon the gender
differences, tenses, and number.

-
patham 13 Lesson13
.
-
ikkada
. koncem agandi
.
Wait a bit here.

- -
manam matladutunnappudu, - concem agi - - -
- matladutuntamu.
. . . avasaramainacota
. . . .
When we speak, we give some pauses to make our speech clear and meaningful to the
listener.
- - arthanni
vakyamloni - batti a- vyavadhi marutu
- - untundi. alage -
- - swaramlo- marpu valana
. . .
-
kuda-
. visayam
. artham avutundi.
The duration of the pause depends upon the meaning and context. Sometimes we
make our point clear by means of intonation.
-
rasetappudu - - - mukyamaina
. . matram konni gurtulu pettadam
.. . valla telustundi. vatilo
.
-
nalugu gurtulu ippudu -
telusukundam.
.

In writing we use punctuation marks to make the sentence clear and meaningful. Let
us now discuss four punctuation marks:
-
cadivetappudu, - - - - - - - -- -
. . rasetappudu
. . padala madhya ekkada
. apalo, ekkada
. agalo, ela artham
- - - - telipevi
cesukovalo - virama - viramamu
- cihnalu. - ante-- -
. apadam,
. cihnam ante
. gurtu.

All written work is divided by points or stops which help the reader to follow the
sense of what he is reading. Those signs are called punctuation marks. They regulate
reading by indicating where the reader may pause and take breath, and how long he
may pause.

- -i kindi vidhamga- unnayi.
- cihnalu
virama -
The following are the punctuation marks:

- - ' binduvu
vakyamsa
binduvu

full stop (.) comma (,)
ardha binduvu - binduvu

nyuna

semi-colon (; ) colon (:)
anukarana -
. cihnalu ' -
prasnarthakam

quotation marks ( ) question mark (?)
-' -
ascharyardhakam

exclamatory mark (!)

- -
sita tana pedda cellelu cinna tammudu
. pillalu annayya koduku
. pelliki
.. vellaru
..
Sita her younger sister next to her younger brother children went to wedding of older
brothers son
- -
i vakyamlo- virama
- cihnalu - okkasari
- levu. -
- cadivi cudandi.
. . ekkada
- - - -
. apali? ela cadavali?
teliyadam - -
. ledu kadu!
There are no punctuation marks in this sentence. We do not know where to stop and
how to read it. It is a bundle of confusion, isnt it?
- -
sita, tana pedda cellelu, cinna cellelu, cinna tammudu,
. annayya koduku
. pelliki
.. vellaru.
..
ila- raste
- - vivaramga- telustundi.
-
Sita, her elder sister, younger sister and younger brother went to the wedding of her
elder brothers son.

- - evarevaru veltunnaro -
- - ceppadaniki - -
- - antaru.
sita taruvata, . . upayogincina gurtuni kama .
- - mataku
- -
- madhya viramam - - - - - oke- visayaniki
-
mataku
. . undadaniki
. . sucana i kama. .
sambandhincina vivaralu - ekkuvaga- unnappudu civari visayaniki
- tappa migilina
. .
annintiki - - -
. kamalu undali.
.

-
After the word Sita, the punctuation mark, comma() is used to inform as to who
are all going. Comma is used to denote the gap between the words. When there are
too many details to be given, comma is used after every name or matter excepting the
last name or matter.
-
konni udaharanalu : Some examples:
.
-
ame - - rastundi.
- - patalu
kathalu, navalalu, natakalu, -
. .
She writes stories, novels, plays and songs.

ma- intlo
- - - - - - -
. erranivi, tellanivi, pasupuvi, udarangu gulabilu pustayi.
Red, white, yellow and purple roses bloom in our courtyard.
The Full Stop (the Period)

-
ekkuva viramam -
kavalsina - cukka pettali,
cota - a cukka binduvu. oka vakyam
-
- . ..
purtainappudu -
. binduvu undali.
.
The full stop ( . ) marks the end of a complete and independent sentence.
uda- : nenu
- ninna vaccanu.
-
Ex : I came yesterday.
- -eluru
raju - velladu.
-
.. .
- -
- has gone to Eluru.
Raju

- - rasina
samkshiptarupamlo - - binduvu undali.
prati aksharam taruvata -
.

Abbreviations are indicated by periods:
-
am.pra. -
= andhra -'
prades.
- -'
A.P. (Andhra Prades).
- -
- - - cintapalli ramamurti.
ci.ra.murti
-
Chi. Ra. Murthy -
(Chintapalli Rama -
Murthy);
- -
- = tirumala tirupati devastanam.
ti.ti.de.
U.N.O. (United Nations Organization); TTD (Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanam), etc.

- - rasina
cirunama - - civara cukka undali.
- - - -
. madhya varasalaku kama undali..
Even in ones postal address, there should be a period at the end. For the middle
lines, there should be commas at the end:
- ravu
vi.es.ar. -
inti - - - - vijayawada
- - 520 002.
. nem. 123/4, suryaraopeta,
. .
Mr. V.S.R. Rao

- - - - Vijayawada-520
H. No. 123/4, Suryaraopeta, - 002.
. .
- amma gudiki -
lalita ninna vaccinda? . vellinda?
..

Did Lalita come yesterday? Has mummy gone to the temple?
- - civara iccindi prasnarthakam.
pai vakyala ' - evarini emi ' - -i ? gurtu prasnanu
- prasnincina '
-
sucistundi.
The above sentences carry interrogative marks at the end. Interrogative mark is
used at the end of every direct question.

- - adi enta bagundi!
oho! - - padipoyada!
- raju
a! - - -
. .

Oh, how nice it is! - has fallen!
Alas, Raju
-' -
ascaryanni, - -
udrekanni, e- visayamaina- nokki ceppadanni,
- -
vyangyanni-
. .
- - -' - - - -
prakatincetappudu
. . . i ! ascaryarthakanni vadali.
.

Exclamatory mark is used to express emotion or some sudden feeling such as wonder,
surprise, horror, indignation, joy, or some satirical remark.
- ni- sangati telusu, nivu
a!
- -
bhimudavu!
.
-
O! I know about you. You are Bhima!
-
aunu! atanu munde- vaccadu!
.
Yes, he came early!

telugulo- matladandi.
- - - - - - bhasa- vastundi. cinna cinna vakyalu
- - cakkaga-
. . . matladitene
. . .
-
rayandi. - - - - - kotta kotta
- cadavandi. cadivitene
. rastene gurtuntundi.
. telugu pustakalu .
- - telustayi.
- kotta kotta prayogalu
padalu, -

Now try to speak in Telugu. Unless you speak in Telugu you cannot master the
language. Learn to write short and sweet sentences. Unless you write, you cannot
remember usages. Read Telugu books. If you read you learn more and more new
words and new expressions.

==^ aOK QO^=
1. =`H^ [
1. N q<H =Ò " ~.10-00
2. N qflfi~*}"K#O 2500
3. N qflfi~[ (H}HH`=Ò`) 1000
4. OH+~Kì N=Q}u =Ò 3000
5. =~H; =Ò 750
6. H^~fi~ =Ò 750
7. u<^ =Ò(H~) 750
8. u<^=Ò(^) 5-00
9. H~a =Ò 1000
10.=OQ Qs=Ò 10-00
11."=H; =Ò \ OÒ` 20-00
12.NH; ~ =Ò (\ OÒ`) 20-00
13.H#H=H; =Ò (H"fis@`) 20-00
14.O`+=` =Ò 20-00
15.U_ x"~ =Ò 20-00
16.`<~}=Ò 20-00
17.N =~#=nH 20-00
18.t=nH 10-00
19.H`h =Ò 2000
-1-
20.Q Qs=Ò 2000
21.u~" (^#~=Ò) 3600
22. =`H^ 3000
23.=`H^Hi(<^#iQOQ^~~=Qi) 5400
24.@ (H"fis@`) 3600
25.~fi^=` *q^#O 2000
26.P~=` 3000
27.^#fiO`s =`HO 10-00
28.~HO^~^g* 10-00
29.` x`[, `LQ 10-00
30.N KH[ 10-00
31.N KH ~ q*#" 3600
32.NKH *q^#O(^k) 3600
33.H; Qs x`[ 1000
34.Ne`x`[(e`<=Ò`) 1000
35.N Qf x`[ 1000
36.J#fl~ x`[ 1000
37.N ~fif x`[ 1000
38.=~ =~h[ 1000
39.~[~*fis x`[ 1000
40.N ^~x`[ 1000
41.H~= x`[ 1000
-2-
42.t=[ 1000
43.g~^ [ 1000
44.PO[< x`[ 1000
45.<QO^ fiq [ 1000
46.|} x`[ 1000
47.~=^=x H^ 1000
48.t=^=x H^ 1000
49.H;#~O[ 1000
50."OH>fi~[ 1000
51.|OQi x`[ 1000
52.~ x`[ 1000
53.#=Q x`[ 1000
54.~H} H}O 2000
55.L==fi~ =Ò 2000
56.N H"fis =Ò 2000
57.16 ="~= =`= 2000
58.~fifH}O 2000
59.H==i =`= 2000
60.OK=Y PO[<x`[ 2000
61.J+<Q[ 3600
62.[ ZO^Ke ? 3600
63.U ^=xH U` lOKe? 3600
-3-
64.U ^=xH UÔ <"Ô \e? 3600
65.U^=xH Uq^=Qn~^#Ke? 3600
66.U^=xH Zxfl ^H}Ke ? 3600
67.#=^ =Ò 3600
68.OK`# [ 4500
69.28 =`= 10800
70.H[ (9XHi) 15000
71.H[ (q_q_Q) (O@) 15000
72.OH~ =[O (O@) 15000
73.J~# 4000
74.N~= H~=$`= 9900
75.N ^g Q=Ò 9900
76.N ^g Q=Ò (HO_) 36000
77. H`<=~# 6300
2. ``= <==
1. N e` q+ <=` 4000
2. N e` q+ <=` (HO_) 6300
3. Hie`q+<=`=
(uH* H O_) 10800
~}O_ ~^H$+=iQi OH#O
4. e`q+ <=`= (On) ,,4000
5. e`q+ <=`= (WOw+) ,,4000
-4-
6. ~fi^=` `=O[i 12000
7. H^=` J`~`<==o (63) 2000
8. e` <= `"(H<) 3600
9. e` <== 2000
10.H; <== 2000
11.^~ <== 2000
12.PO[< <== 2000
13.t= <== 2000
14.q+ <== 2000
15.Q}u <== 2000
16.|} <== 2000
18.e`q+ <=` 2000
19.N~= <== 2000
20.H;#$O<== 2000
21.~<== Pk`$Ô 2000
22.N"OH>fi~<== 2000
23.=}nfi=~# (^k) 2000
24.O^=O^#O 2000
25.=O`+" 2000
26.u #=<Kb 1000
27.#=< Kb 900
28.=}nfi=~# (H\) 1000
-5-
29.P~ Kb 10-00
30.t"~^# (t=`) 1000
31."OH>fi~ Ò (H\) 1000
32.P~Ô_H 600
33."OH>fi~ QqO^<== 600
34.J+H; `" H#H^~`" 1000
35.^gY_=`"
(=~=~hÒ`) 1000
36.u~ O^s x`[ 1000
37.O^~HO_ (H\) 1000
38.Q=n` =O 2000
39.~=~H`" 1500
40.` ~`fl=o 3600
41.~}O_e`
q+ <=`"(qh) 1000
42.~}O_ e`<=`"(qh) 1000
43.~}O_ q+ <=`" 1000
44.~}O_ Pk` $Ô 1000
45.=O`+O (qh) 1000
46.t"#OîO^~i 3600
47.[^+O 1000
48.H~ ^+O 1000
-6-
49.g JC f~? 1000
50.^$+^ x"~} 1000
51.~fi^=` ^#H= 1000
52.OKH= 1000
53.O^=O^#O 1000
54.~^#=H"K=H" 1000
55.Qf=O` 1000
56.[=O` 1000
57.w= `= 1000
58.^H}=i `= 1000
59.^fi^ *uiOQOK~=` 1000
60.NHO ~+ HO 1000
61.#=^~ 1000
62.#=Q`= 3600
63.=<" 3600
64.O^~HO_ Q<=$Ò 3600
65.O^ =O^#O (^k) 3600
66.Q=`*q^#= 1000
67.P#O^k 1 N^g `= 10800
68.P#O^k 2 U =
U `" ~}Ke 10800
69. x`^=`~# 4500
-7-
70. Ne` <==qq=~}Ò 14400
71. N ^~u(KO_) =q^#= ....
72. ~fi^=` `xk 9900
73. =}nfi= (q =K# "M#=) 9900
74. H~= ~HH=K= 6300
3. N ~ ^` QO^=
1. N ~ Ki` 9900
2. O~ N Q~ Ki` 9900
3. N ~P~^#+i"=O 9900
4. N ~ rq` Ki` (H<) 5400
5. N Q~Ki` (H<) 5400
6. ^Q}H$` N~ Ki` 3600
7. #=<^ Ki` 9900
8. N~Ki`(O_)
}~}QOÔ 5400
9. NQ~Ki` (O_)
}~}QOÔ 5400
10.`^`=Ò ^``*HO,O` 2000
11.J#^g =Ò 2000
12. fl ["| 3000
13.=#xflN~["| 3000
14.JH~H== N~ 3000
-8-
15.N ~*HO (O`) 2000
16.N ~[#= 2000
17.N ~ [< 2000
18.N ~H w` 2000
19.ti_~` (=O`) 2000
20.''N~H\ 2500
21.''N~~"H\ 2000
22.N ~<^ `=O[i 1000
23.N ~"~<= 3-50
24.N ~ <==o 1000
25.N ~ KbÒ 1000
26.N ~<^ Kb 1000
27.N ~ ~` (H\) 1000
28.N ~ x`[ (H\) 1000
29.N ~ 1000
30.N ~ =#=O[i^`Kb 1000
31.N~ #H`=eH 1000
32.On N ~ ~` 1200
33.x OQ}~ H`=Ò 4500
34.WOw+ N ~~` 1200
35.+i_ ^~#ON~ "=O 9900
36.~`=Ò 2000
-9-
37.~ J#Q" 10800
38.#=Q~"~ =`H= 1500
39.N^`b=$`= 9900
40.$Ô ~ 1200
41.N+i_~ b=$Ò(NKi`) 9900
42.Q*##=~* Ki` 9900
4. *u
1. 'HKHO QO@OKOQO (Q~) 6000
2. Qq OKOQ= (Q~) 11600
3. NKH OKOQO (è =OKOQO) 4500
4. P#O^k OKOQO (".q.) 6000
5. =Q"i~te`(12~"iH) 4000
6. =Q"i~te` q_q_QXHH\ 1000
7. HKHO*u+HO_~( Nx"Q~}u\q) 2500
8. = (_i) HO_~ 2500
9. ^ HO_~ 500
10. H\ HO_~ 1500
11. `[H hHOs" 10000
12. H~ *u+ ~ 15000
13. *u+ | ~ 15000
14. =#Qi *`Hû 15000
15. =~q~ *`Hû 15000
- 10 -
16. =^=~ q""u^fi^@= 9900
17. O ~q_ 25000
18. O ~HtH 25000
19. ~fi ~i 10000
20. ~~ *u+q*# ~fifiO 20000
21. fl O^ 9900
22. #H` q+ e` 4500
23. ~fi~ KOkH 9900
24. ~ÔÒKOQQ}ÒK_OZ? 15000
25. ^$HÔÒKOQQ}Ò K_OZ? 15000
26. P~ x~O 4500
27. *`H Q}` "tH 5000
28. *u+=~kx 5000
29. *u+ fl`~= 5000
30.=~O x~~OK_OZ? 5000
31.*`H =H~OÔ 3600
32.*u+ ~fiu 3600
33.g[##H q 3600
34.=~ q*# ~O 3600
35.*u+ fiOkx 3600
36.=~ t~=} 3600
37.#H` =O[i 3600
- 11 -
38.OKOQO K q^#O 3600
39.~fi~ *u+O 3600
40.^qH *u+O 3600
41.#=~`fl= Q= 3600
42.< 2500
43.~Me` 3600
44.OY q+` 3600
45.=~ nH 9900
46.@=K e` 2500
47. H e` 2500
48. *`H KHO "_O Z? 3600
49. =#Qi (p#*u+QOÔ)
KNx"~= 25000
50. *u+G z\ 10800
51. Q à OKOQO(19402050) 99900
52. flKO_fi~" 5000
53. ^fi^= KOkH 25000
54. *`HKHO g~ "H=K 3600
55. *u+ `Q~`fl=o
(#~Qe`) 10800
56. JOQ=kHO 3600
57. =kHO 4000
- 12 -
58. H` 9900
59. #GO 8000
60. P^xHflGO 12000
61. ~~*u+ fl*u+O 15000
62. J+H=~ 5000
63. |$`*`HO (p#uH#~^}) 20000
64. Qfl~`flH~O 4500
65. +@OKtH 12000
66. 40 ~A *u+O<~H#O_ 27000
67. 40 ~A =kHO<~H#O_ 15000
68. 40 ~A OMGO 15000
69. 40 ~A #H` (<_) e`= 27000
70. 40 ~A "^*u+O <~HO_ 25000
71.g \#`n J^`~ 27000
#=~r ~ Q_ 20000
72. H..*u+O (iKO) 5000
73. =~zO`=} 9900
74. ~KO^ Q}= 5000
75.^= *`H ("~HO_) 15000
76.J^$+~"_ 12000
77.QOK~ x~nH 5000
78.*u+ ~q_ 30000
- 13 -
79.*`H=~O_O ùH
^`Ô(HO_e) 25000
80.*u+q^HtH ùH
^`Ô(HO_e) 25000
81.<_*u+O 5000
82.Q~O g Q|O ~q_ 25000
83.#Hì*Ò (Q~g~^K~) 5000
84.Qfli*Ò (Q~g~^K~) 5000
85.Q`=O` 5000
86.~~`fl= 5000
87.*`H =}=O[i 20000
88.+~ OKOQO 54000
89.^H x~O 25000
90.qO` *+= 5000
91._=~ 20000
92105.~q/KO^/[/|^/Q~/H/x/~H`
#=Q= XHH HO 9900
93. =~=~O_O 5000
94. *`HO 5000
95. *`HOH~= 5000
99107. "k g#O12 Qfl
XHH QflO QOÔ 9900
- 14 -
108. <~^ O` 20000
109. OKOQiHdHQ}Ò 25000
110. `~|O KO^|O ("~ HO_) 9900
111. Qfl ^# (z`Q~=iQ) 20000
112. ~=GO 10800
113. =~ ~`fl=o 25000
a.q.~=< Qi QO^=
114. *u+ q^~OO 5000
115. Q= |= 5000
116. HKH^ 5000
117. J#= fl*u+O 5000
118. *u+GO "`=~} HO 5000
119. ~Qq *`HO 5000
120. "~~`flH~O 7500
121. ~f*u+ ~fifiO 7500
122. J+H=~ û 7500
123. *u+GO O^,=^< 7500
124. flÒ` 7500
125. =~O 7500
126. qt+ *`H= 12500
127. ~fe`*u+O 12500
128. 300 =Y"# Q= 12500
- 15 -
129. *`HOijeOK_OZ ? 30000
~Ru J"~Q`, ==^, "Ku
N =^~H$+=iQi QO^=
130. |$`~~~G=1 20000
131. |$`~~~G=2 20000
132. |$`~~~G=3 20000
133. |$`~~~G=4 20000
134. "~~`flH~= 10000
135. =~ zO`=} 10000
136. =~ zO`=}~2 20000
137. fifl G= 5000
138. `Q=O[i 3300
139. =`x~H=e 16500
140. ^=[=O 7500
141. =O`~[#" (ZO.P~.q.~) 25000
142. L< q^#= (ZO.P~.q.~) 9900
143. "Gq"H=1 5000
144. "Gq"H=2 20000
145. "Gq"H=3 5000
146. "Gq"H=4 20000
147. J#=" 1 5000
148. J#=" 2 10000
- 16 -
5. "
1. 40 ~A ''"q^ <~H#O_ 18000
2. "G ~= (O_) 10800
3. "#|\ g W 5400
4. g~ g " 5400
5. Q$" z\ 5400
6. " [ 5400
7. " `= 5400
8. "G ~ 5400
9. Q$" =~ 9900
10.qfiH~" Gs` g WO\ # 5000
11.qfiH~ "Gs` gWO_P= 9900
12.qfiH~ " GO(z`Q~=iQ) 18000
13.P^xH Q$" 9900
14." 27000
15."O` ~`fl=o 10800
16."GO 12000
17. # 5000
18.Q$"~O 5000
19.Q$" KOkH 5000
20.Q$" ^~}O 5000
21.*u+Q$"KOkH 5000
- 17 -
22."~`flH~O (HO_e) 5000
23."t~=} ,, 5000
24.NH$+" ,, 5000
25.OK" i*Ò ,, 10800
26."_O_=" ,, 5000
27."Ôka ,, 10800
28.qfiH~"HtH 9900
29.H$+"G= 5000
30.[","(ÔìO_s<^) 7500
31.=" (Q~g~^K~) 12000
32."*u 5400
33."= "*q^#= 10800
6. =O`
1. =O`^# 5400
2. Ò`*O 5400
3. =O`H 5400
4. ^`` Ò`q^ 5400
5. ^`` =eHÒ`" 5400
6. ÒuH OKOQO 5400
7. H} ÒÒ 5400
8. =O`## KOkH 5400
9. ~fi^=` =O`H=K= 5400
- 18 -
10.=O`H~~O(c*H~xO@=) 5400
11.~fi^=` =O`~`fl=o 5400
12.^K~ nH 5400
13.yh"=Hfi~ÒÒ 5400
14.OK~ÒÒ 5400
15.|^xH Ò`" 5400
16.Lz+ Q}u Ò`" 5400
17.Q ^# ÒÒ 5400
18.QO^~fi Ò`" 5400
19.O^~i (=OÒ`~`fl=o) 5400
20.O` =O` Ò` 5400
21.` ÒÒ 9900
22.OK^ =Y_ ÒÒ 9900
23.~^^ 9900
24.=O`k 10800
25.~~=Ò`" 10800
26.Ne`q= OK^j 10800
27.N Q~ ÒÒ 10800
28.Qf Ò`" 10800
29.eh^~ÒÒ (z#flk) 10000
30.=H =O` Ò` ~ 15000
31.N ^~ Ò`" 20000
- 19 -
32.==$Ò[J=$``" 20000
33.~ (<Q)ÒÒ 25000
34.=# ÒÒ 25000
35._x`ÒÒ 25000
36.HÒÒ 25000
37.~^=ÒÒ 25000
38.H;Òy~ Ò`" 25000
39.~}eh Ò`" 25000
40.=Òy~ Ò`" 25000
41.N qfi~ Òy~ Ò`" 25000
42.fi~H~}~=ÒÒ 25000
43.HjqH ÒÒ 25000
44.OuÒ`" 25000
45.O`k 36000
46.N H; Ò`" 36000
47.=O`=^k (^=`H") 36000
48.=O`=^k (~+^=`H") 36000
49.=O`GO (QO^=) 36000
50.Òy~H$`ÒÒ 36000
51.H=^#= ÒÒ 36000
52.eh^~ÒÒ 36000
7. QO^ P~^#
- 20 -
1. Q=n` H ``~ Ò 5400
2. Q} P~^# 1 9900
3. Q}# 2 9900
4. #=Q"=O 9900
5. #=Q ~"_ 9900
6. #=Q "Ô 9900
7. xQ~^# 9900
8. Pk`~^# 9900
9. |}~^# 9900
10.N t= P~^# 9900
11.H; P~^# 9900
12.#=^~^# 9900
13.e`~^# 9900
14.N KH~^# 9900
15.Qf P~^# 9900
16.g~^~^# 9900
17.[Q~^# 9900
18.~"~^# 9900
19.^"~^# 9900
20.w`~^# 9900
21.N"OH>fi~^# 9900
22.w"~^# 9900
- 21 -
23.H;#~O~^# 9900
24.N u~O^s ` HÔ|O 9900
25.^g b=$Ò 9900
26.~}O_ O^~HO_ =K#O 9900
27.~}O_ ~=}O 9900
28.~}O_ ~Ò 9900
29.~}O_ Q=Ò 9900
30.(i) "bH ~=}O 9900
31.H~ QO 9900
32.x` rq`= ~^H 9900
33.x` rq`= #=~`fl 9900
34."^H= 9900
35."=# ^~=$Ò 9900
36.O_Q ~fik< 9900
37.H~`fl 9900
38.N PO[<O (Ki`==`) 21600
39.#=Q ^~#" 9900
40.x`rqÒ #=Q 9900
41.Q== 9900
42.Q~H == KO^H<_ 9900
43.xQ~q_ 9900
44.*`H^~=*`H"H^~x 9900
- 22 -
45.q" *u+=O[i
=~*=zOQQ_ (~Q}u~_) 9900
46.g\#`nx|\ grq`~
(#=~r Q_) ,, 9900
47.gJ^$xH (~) <"H~H< 9900
48.=HOKf 9900
49.OK="Ô =~Ò 9900
50.^= _\ H" 9900
51.Q}u+O 9900
52.A~fi^ L##q"Q=O[i 9900
53.#=Q 9900
54.PO^^xîOK=# =Y^~ 9900
55.H^=`J`~(^k)
(180J`~`<==`) 9900
56.H^=` <== 9900
57.PûH H xk 9900
58.} Q`,=~ 9900
59.~fi^=`fi~_ N "OH>fi~_ 9900
60.N H;xflk 9900
61.NH; Q}u =HO 9900
62.=~P~ (H~>,OQ<~HO_) 9900
63.=lHQ_ 9900
- 23 -
64.K^~OQO 9900
65.OK=Y #=` "=O 5400
66.Q~_~}O 4000
67.=~}O 3000
68.t=~}O 3000
69."Y~}O 3000
70.Hi =~}O 5400
71.Hi t=~}O 5400
72.Hi "Y~}O 5400
73.HsH ~}O 3000
74.HsH ~}O (z#flk) 2500
75.~fiH~kH ~=}~} 5000
76.^tH 4000
77.Qf == 3600
78.=` O` == 5000
79.=$H^=` 5000
80. A+ ~ O~ KOkH 15000
81.<`#"kH }~Q=H" 15000
82.K`~fi^= 14400
83.#=Q~^# 14400
84.`` =~ Q~O 14400
85.=#^~ GO (=K#O...) 14400
- 24 -
86."^=O` O` 14400
87.eOQ~# 14400
88.N t=w` 14400
89.^fi^Lx+` 14400
90.~}O_"i O^~i
(H``~` q"Y`) 25000
100. |$` t= ` ~`flH~= 21600
101. |$` ^g `~`flH~= 21600
102. |$` q+ `~`flH~= 21600
103. H^~<^ |^s<^ `Q_ 4000
104. ^H}=$` OY= 5000
105. 108 k=^ q+H`^~x 3600
106. ^~O^= 27000
107. ~f =H``îx 10800
108. zi rKi` 3600
109. Q=ù ...
110. ~# 3600
111. <`# O^PK~==~ ...
112. HjYO_O 25000
113. Jfih^=` 21600
8. "^ QO^
1. P~O P~QO 3600
- 25 -
2. =eH"^ z\ 3600
3. P~fi^ "^ z\ 2500
4. P~fi^ "Ô 3600
5. Q$"^ ~ 3600
6. Q$"^~O 3600
7. q"Ô (^fi^=}zH`) 5400
8. H$u"Ô 3600
9. P~O"Ô 9900
10.O~ P~fi^z\ "Ô 9900
11.P~fi^" 3600
12.P~fi^ =eH"^nH 9900
13.Ô~, P~, HQ~
"_HO LQ 9900
14.<@"Ô (H O_OQ) 36000
15.UH=eH"Ô 9900
16.JOQ $Ô(4Q) 120000
17.~^Q"^~" 9900
18.^qH q"Ô 9900
19.X\ 9900
20.Q_ 9900
21.P~fiÔr=#"Ô 9900
22._^~ 9900
- 26 -
23.<K~^~ 9900
24.O~P~QxH 20xII 9900
25.H<C g =`... 9900
26.Q=O` 9900
27.Q O_ @ =O_ 9900
28.~ "_<@_ 9900
29. 10800
30.=Q}~O 25000
31.~# "rH~} ÒÒ 15000
31.^=eH ~O 9900
32. }== QÒ[eNx" 6300
9. J "h ~H
1. N J b=$Ò 3600
2. N J P~^# 5400
3. N J [#@ 5400
4. N J *HO 2000
5. N J H w` 2000
6. N J nH F 1000
7. N J [#= F 1000
8. N J x`[ P 1000
9. N J x`x==o P 800
10.N "h b=$Ò(^~"hnH) 3600
- 27 -
11.^gb=$Ò 9900
12.N ^g *HO 2000
13.^g Hw` 2000
14.* "hnH F 1000
15."hnH P 800
16.^g H= 1000
17.N J [<=o 12000
18.J*qk (*ÔQ`) 2000
10. [# H~#
1. J#fl= H~# 2500
2. N~=^ H~# 2500
3. ~fi^=` =OQ~` 2000
4. =O^~ =OQ ~` 2500
5. Q ^=` =OQ~` 3600
6. ~fi^=` [# 3600
7. z\ \ @ 1000
8. *f w` 1000
9. ^H w` 3600
10.O_Q}H` Hw` 3600
11.Qa@,e@,H@@ 3600
12.J#fl= OH~# 9900
13.o@@ 3600
- 28 -
14.H#O^ [#H~#(Fh) 3600
15.~fi^=`H=}= 3600
16.|`H= L @ 3600
17.J#fl= OH~<xk(1000H~#) 27000
11. \ OQ
1. O@ Hw`Q=n` 3600
2. Z.. Hw` 3600
3. O@ =^~w` 9900
4. . j =^~w` 9900
5. Z.. =^~w` 9900
6. Z.*#H =^~w` 9900
7. "@i O^~~==i\ 9900
8. ~fi^=` hHw` 9900
12. LH H=
1. NHO`=} =O@ ("*) 5400
2. NHO`=} =O@ (<<"*) 5400
3. H~ =O@ 2500
4. =O~=O@ 2500
5. z\z\ 2500
6. JO^xH z\ 2500
7. ~ (^k) 2500
8. ~ (z#flk) 1000
- 29 -
9. > ZO~_s s~~ 3600
10.> ZO~_s _*< 3600
11.z<fl~ z~u 2500
12.O^# _ =O@ 2500
13.", _ ~, "~\ ~ 2500
14."WQ~ 2500
15.WOw+P_~ 5400
16.WOw+ =Q~ 5400
17.H =O@ 2500
18.O_Q KH< O_=O@ 2500
19."H""< =O@ 9900
20.~fi^=`H= 3600
21.~ (|) 3600
22.~ () 3600
23."_< "Ok (QiO\ _*<) 3600
24."_< ~ 9900
25.<~iOK <<"*=O@ 9900
26."_< >iOQ (_ [O\) 9900
qq^ ~H
~ @ GO 30000
@ GO 3600
ZO^~=#= 20000
- 30 -
Q< 3600
}==Q (Ò[eNx") 6300
~#=~= 3600
_ H^ (z#flq) 750
H*# `` fi 3600
On`Qfikx 2200
WOw+`Qfikx 2000
[#~ <_ 2000
#~ ZH 1000
1100 >| |H 1000
|e tH 2000
1100 >||H (H<A) 1000
N~=H\ 2500
Nt=H\ 2500
"lH 2500
JOH` Q~_ 2500
=H^ 2500
=`~OQ (=`~OHO) 2500
= h *~ ("_H#s) 2500
$Ô^# (Hq`) 2500
"`# H=` 3600
Z..@i Q_ 3600
- 31 -
WO^* ~ 2500
=O^* ~ 2500
s~+ (_ OQfi*) 9900
HQO 3600
P#OÔQ rqÔ 9900
iO^ <@HO 5000
"`#H=` 9900
OKHO 9900
~u~ 9900
J#OQ~OQO (HOO\ fiOH+) 9900
$OQ~Ho (HOO\ fiOH+) 9900
J`= ^= 4500
Qfq*< 9900
zO`=} (<@HO) 5000
<Q= 5000
O_= L^Q= 5000
H =`H^ 3600
H Q$" zO`=} 9900
H Q$" =~ (O_) 5000
~= Ò`" 15000
PK~ ^ <Q~#ÒÒ(Xi[#) 30000
Q< (VG/TNL) 3600
- 32 -
~=~"GO(=^Q_~=~=) 9900
ZO.Z.P~.#=<Kb 1000
ZO.Z.P~.O^~HO_ 7000
J+=Y QO_~O_ÒÒ 7500
|OQirq`Ki` ([=OQ) 9900
N PkOH~K~ k=Ki`=$Ò 4500
wÒ[e (~gO^<^~Q~) 5000
Hj~"fi~ =lb H^ 7500
Ne`<==(~+O) 60000
H$uÔ`="^q*#=
e`*`H `= 59500
q"nH ("^H qk) 20000
=Ô_ qfi<^~AQi QO^=
qfiH~ H= 8000
p#"P^xH"ij# ,,25000
<~^ O` ,,15000
"~[===#"^= ,, 6000
==`= =K#= ,, 8000
|$Ò` =K#= ,,16000
Q" "q*#*u ....
- 33 -
~H`= = == 15000
JOQ~_ (A_) 9000
_ 7500
~` ^~x (Q~g~^K~) ....
qfiH~"q^~= ,, ....
" q*# KOkH ,, ....
=^ i*Ò ,, ....
*`H <~}O("_="iq) 15000
" <~}O ,, 12000
Q=mYO_O ,, 12000
~fi~KOkH (4Q) 120800
g~ #=~l (^=^) 37000
x~O^ (2Q) 59000
[...[...(~}O_Nx") 2700
~... ,, 2700
N ^~#Oî ,, 20000
N=eH ,, 2500
P~u~ ,, 1100
u+H(y #~O=i) 50000
Àn< Ki` 10000
- 34 -
=~ 100 OII~<\ p# ` uiy
D HOk QO^= KiOK|_#q.
^= ZO^ \e ? _ O~=
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#OH Or=#=, "^ t~=}
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N "Y# `$"kH Q
$u ~`flH~= (^~GO)
*`H=$``~O
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- 35 -
Ow` q^^~}O
Ow` ~fi~~OQO
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- 36 -
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- 37 -
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H@Q=O, J[O` @ Z^@,
~[=O_. < : (0883) 246 25 65
Cell : 903 246 25 65
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తెలుగు వర్ణమాల - TELUGU LEARNING KIT MODULE

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తెలుగు వర్ణమాల - TELUGU LEARNING KIT MODULE

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`Q =~=

Telugu Learning Kit

(# = O Sunna) (J~ # = Arasunna) (q~ = - Visarga)

^ { S ^ dhai # { S < nai

^ { B ^ dhau # { B < nau

= { S " mai { S yai

H kkha H kna Y khkha Y khna

H kga H kpa Y khga Y khpa

H kgha H kpha Y khgha Y khpha

H kca H kba Y khca Y khba

H kcha H kbha Y khcha Y khbha

H kja H kma Y khja Y khma

H ktha H ksa Y khtha Y khsa

H kda H kha Y khda Y khha

Q gkha Q gna ghkha ghna

Q gga Q gpa ghga ghpa

Q ggha Q gpha ghgha ghpha

Q gca Q gba ghca ghba

Q gcha Q gbha ghcha ghbha

Q gja Q gma ghja ghma

Q gtha Q gsa ghtha ghsa

Q gda Q gha ghda ghha

K ckha K cna K chkha K chna

K cga K cpa K chga K chpa

K cgha K cpha K chgha K chpha

K cca K cba K chca K chba

K ccha K cbha K chcha K chbha

K cja K cma K chja K chma

K~ chjha K cya K~ chjha K chya

K ctha K csa K chtha K chsa

K cda K cha K chda K chha

[ jkha [ jna ~ jhkha ~ jhna

[ jga [ jpa ~ jhga ~ jhpa

[ jgha [ jpha ~ jhgha ~ jhpha

[ jca [ jba ~ jhca ~ jhba

[ jcha [ jbha ~ jhcha ~ jhbha

[ jja [ jma ~ jhja ~ jhma

[~ jjha [ jya ~~ jhjha ~ jhya

[ jtha [ jsa ~ jhtha ~ jhsa

[ jda [ jha ~ jhda ~ jhha

@ .tkha @ .tna ~ .thkha ~ thna

@ .tgha @ .tpha ~ .thgha ~ thpha

` tkha ` tna ^ thkha ^ thna

` tga ` tpa ^ thga ^ thpa

` tgha ` tpha ^ thgha ^ thpha

` tca ` tba ^ thca ^ thba

` tcha ` tbha ^ thcha ^ thbha

` tja ` tma ^ thja ^ thma

` tjha ` tya ^~ thjha ^ thya

` tta ` tra ^ thta

` ttha ` tla ^ ththa

` tdha ` tva ^ thdha

` ttha ` tsa ^ ththa ^ thsa

` tda ` tha ^ thda ^ thha

^ dkha ^ dna ^ dhkha ^ dhna

^ dga ^ dpa ^ dhga ^ dhpa

^ dgha ^ dpha ^ dhgha ^ dhpha

^ dca ^ dba ^ dhca ^ dhba

^ dcha ^ dbha ^ dhcha ^ dhbha

^ dja ^ dma ^ dhja ^ dhma

^~ djha ^ dya ^~ dhjha ^ dhya

^ dtha ^ dsa ^ dhtha ^ dhsa

^ dda ^ dha ^ dhda ^ dhha

# nkha # nna pkha pna