CATHODE RAYTUBE

PRESENTED BY
CHIRANJIB MISHRA
What is cathode ray tube?

Thecathoderaytube(CRT)isavacuumtubecontaining
anelectrongun(asourceofelectrons)andafluorescent
screen,withinternalorexternalmeanstoaccelerate
anddeflecttheelectronbeam,usedtocreateimagesin
theformoflightemittedfromthefluorescentscreen.
Theimagemayrepresentelectricalwaveforms(
oscilloscope),pictures(television,computermonitor),
radartargetsandothers.
Basic Cathode Ray Tube

TheCRTusesanevacuatedglassenvelopewhichis
large,deep,heavy,andrelativelyfragile.
Overview

Acathoderaytubeisavacuumtubewhichconsistsofoneormore
electronguns,possiblyinternalelectrostaticdeflectionplates,anda
phosphortarget.Intelevisionsetsandcomputermonitors,theentire
frontareaofthetubeisscannedrepetitivelyandsystematicallyina
fixedpatterncalledaraster.Animageisproducedbycontrolling
theintensityofeachofthethreeelectronbeams,oneforeach
additiveprimarycolor(red,green,andblue)withavideosignalasa
reference.InallmodernCRTmonitorsandtelevisions,thebeams
arebentbymagneticdeflection,avaryingmagneticfieldgenerated
bycoilsanddrivenbyelectroniccircuitsaroundtheneckofthe
tube,althoughelectrostaticdeflectioniscommonlyusedin
oscilloscopes,atypeofdiagnosticinstrument.
How CRTs work & display?

ACRTmonitorcontainsmillionsoftinyred,green,and
bluephosphordotsthatglowwhenstruckbyanelectron
beamthattravelsacrossthescreentocreateavisible
image.InaCRTmonitortube,thecathodeisaheated
filament.Theheatedfilamentisinavacuumcreated
insideaglasstube.Theelectronsarenegativeandthe
screengivesapositivechargesothescreenglows.
Phosphor persistence

Variousphosphorsareavailabledependinguponthe
needsofthemeasurementordisplayapplication.The
brightness,color,andpersistenceoftheillumination
dependsuponthetypeofphosphorusedontheCRT
screen.Phosphorsareavailablewithpersistence's
rangingfromlessthanonemicrosecondtoseveral
seconds.Forvisualobservationofbrieftransientevents,
alongpersistencephosphormaybedesirable.For
eventswhicharefastandrepetitive,orhighfrequency,a
short-persistencephosphorisgenerallypreferable.
Micro channel plate

Whendisplayingfastone-shoteventstheelectronbeam
mustdeflectveryquickly,withfewelectronsimpinging
onthescreen;leadingtoafaintorinvisibledisplay.
OscilloscopeCRTsdesignedforveryfastsignalscan
giveabrighterdisplaybypassingtheelectronbeam
throughamicro-channelplatejustbeforeitreachesthe
screen.Throughthephenomenonofsecondaryemission
thisplatemultipliesthenumberofelectronsreaching
thephosphorscreen,givingasignificantimprovement
inwritingrate(brightness),andimprovedsensitivityand
spotsizeaswell.
Color CRTs

Color tubes use three different phosphors which emit red,

green, and blue light respectively. Color CRTs have three
electron guns, one for each primary color, arranged either
in a straight line or in a triangular configuration (the guns
are usually constructed as a single unit). A grille or mask
absorbs the electrons that would otherwise hit the wrong
phosphor. A shadow mask tube uses a metal plate with
tiny holes, placed so that the electron beam only
illuminates the correct phosphors on the face of the tube.

The three beams in color CRTs would not strike the screen
at the same point without convergence calibration. Instead,
the set would need to be manually adjusted to converge
the three color beams together to maintain color accuracy.
Advantages of CRT

Thecathoderayedtubecaneasilyincreasethemonitors
brightnessbyreflectingthelight.
Theyproducemorecolours
TheCathodeRayTubemonitorshavelowerpricerate
thantheLCDdisplayorPlasmadisplay.
ThequalityoftheimagedisplayedonaCathodeRay
TubeissuperiortotheLCDandPlasmamonitors.
Thecontrastfeaturesofthecathoderaytubemonitor
areconsideredhighlyexcellent.
Disadvantages of CRT
Theyhaveabigbackandtakeupspaceondesk.
TheelectromagneticfieldsemittedbyCRTmonitorsconstitutea
healthhazardtothefunctioningoflivingcells.
CRTsemitasmallamountofX-raybandradiationwhichcanresult
inahealthhazard.
ConstantrefreshingofCRTmonitorscanresultinheadache.
CRTsoperateatveryhighvoltagewhichcanoverheatsystemor
resultinanimplosion
WithinaCRTastrongvacuumexistsinitandcanalsoresultina
implosion
Theyareheavytopickupandcarryaround
CONCLUS1ON
CRTscanbeusefulfordisplayingphotoswithhighpixelsperunit
areaandcorrectcolorbalance.LCDs,ascurrentlythemost
commonflatscreentechnology,havegenerallyinferiorcolor
rendition(despitehavinggreateroverallbrightness)duetothe
fluorescentlightscommonlyusedasabacklight.
CRTsarestillpopularintheprintingandbroadcastingindustries
aswellasintheprofessionalvideo,photography,andgraphics
fieldsduetotheirgreatercolorfidelity,contrastandbetterviewing
fromoff-axis(widerviewingangle).CRTsalsostillfindadherents
invideogamingbecauseoftheirhigherresolutionperinitialcost,
fastresponsetime,andmultiplenativeresolutions.
THE

END
-CHIRANJIB MISHRA