Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
Engelbertus Viktor Daki
NISN:
XII SOCIAL PROGRAMME
SMA SEMINARI ST YOHANES BERKHMANS
TODABELU MATALOKO
CHAPTER ONE
Always in every time we communicate with other just for our happiness or our needs of
life as the human being. By communication we may know what actually happend around us
and by communication also we can solve all problems in our life with others. So as the actor
of communication it`s a must for us to know anything abuot communication. So bacause of
that we can communicate effectively.
liliweri (1991)
2.2.1.Communication Process
Communicatio happend on a process not saparatedly. The meaning of process
explained well by David Carberlo.(via Hardjana2016) on a theory by title the process of
communication as the literal explaination Berlo on Hardjana book(2016:48-49). Is like
this: Jika kita menerima konsep proses, kita memandang peristiwa-peristiwa dan
hubungan-hubungan bersifat dinamis, berlangsung terus-menerus, berubeh-ubah,dan
berkesinambungan. Jika kita menyebut sesuatu sebagai sebuah proses, kita juga
memaksudkan bahwa hal itu sebagai sesuatu yang tidak punya awal, sebuah akhir , dan
sebuah urutan peristiwa yang pasti. Proses tidak bersifat statis dan tetap. Ia bergerak
terus. Unsur-unsur dalam proses itu berinteraksi masing-masing memengaruhi lainnya.
Shortly, if the communication may run well all the function will be well also. There is
no problem in communication. What we want and what we will do will clearer and
better if we may make the function of the communication well.
Chapter Three
3.4.7. Complamenting
For example saygood with show thumb say someone carzy by shows brow and
the index finger is aslant.
3.4.8. Accenting
This accenting means to underline the verbal message. For example talk slowly or
preaure the foot.
So, according to the opinion on using non verbal communication we have to be
careful. If not it will bring the bed impact. Because the same non verbal has different
meaning for a nation and other, or a culture with others.
3.5. The Influence of Culture on Communication
The difference of culture will influence the effectivity on communication.
Because communication will be effective if it can disentangle the botton values,
motivation, appreciation, and assumption those are based on geographie or site of a
state, function, and socilal degree.
The langguage difference may cause the challange on communication. But
the culture difference more challange communication, compared with the language
difference.
Based on the opinion, i think that what people always says that language
shows nation. It`s true. What we`re talking about and doing, they are accorrding to
the way that we are always use everyday in our country based on our culture.
People will know who are we easily when we use our language to speak.
CHAPTER FOUR
In our life we never released from what we named language and communicaton.
Without language we cann`t communicate. So, it`s body language or other. Language is our
our tool to communicate.
Lestari and Maliki(2006:36) say that bahasa itu arbitrari. Artinya suatu kata tidak
akan ada artinya apabila tidak ada persetujuan dari apara pemakainnya. Misalnya: kata
rumah bisa dipahami oleh bangsa indonesia karena kita semua setuju bahwa bangunan
tempat kita tinggal adalah rumah, bahasa inggris artinya yang sama disebut house karena
mereka sepakat untuk menyebutkan demikian.
This opinion in fact wants show us that , languuage isn`t only the tool of
communication but also has function and every language of each nation on communication
have difference among one and other. Bacaue of that, on this chapter we will talk about the
function of language on communication.
4.1. Undersatanding of Language
Collins Coboit English Language Dictionary, exaplins that language is a system of
communication which consist of a set of sound and written which are used by people of
particular country of region for talking on writing in.
According to Oxford Advanced Learner`s Dictionary, language is the system of
sound and words used to expres their thoughts and feelings.
On Purwadarmita Dictionary means,
4.1.1. Sistem lambang, tanda tanya yang berupa segala macam bunyi yang dipakai orang
untuk melahirkan pemikiran dalam perasaan. Perkataan perkataan yang dipakai oleh
suatu bangsa (suku bangsa negara,daerah dan daerah.)
4.1.2.Percakapan, perkataan yang baik, sopan, santun, dan tingkah laku yang baik.
4.1.3. Bahasa dapat dibedakan menjadi dua pengertian,
4.1.3.1. Bahasa dalam arti luas, sebagai alat perhitungan yang tidak terbatas kata-
kata saja akan tetapi juga gerak-gerik, mimik,dan panto mimik. So the wide
meaning may said as,
4.1.3.1.1. Kata-kata atua kalimat, baik yang diucapka maupun yang ditulis
4.1.3.1.2. Gerak-gerik dan panto mimik
4.1.3.1.3. Diam
4.1.3.1.4. Sopan santun(perbuatan)
Bahasa dalam arti sempit berarti hubungan antara suara dengan kata-kata.
Based on the opinion its clear that language that we are using every day is full of meaning
and it influence our life daily everywhere and every time.
Language also may difference to oral language and writing language. Language on the
narrow meaning be functioned on determine the meaning. For example may be happend that
people who are difference using the same words have different meaning(Lestari and Maliki:2006).
TECHNIQUE OF SPEAKING
On verbal communicatin which listened only the voices whhich said by words which go out
from mouth. That voices have to have meaning. So by the words people may understand the
intends/goals. Speaking will be effective if the people whois speaking pay attention to the technique
principle of the effective speaking. The speaker not only know about the theory of the effective
speaking but have to practice it into the real life daily.
Until now still so many peoplewho are thinking tha the ability of speaking of
someone,idea giving and his thought influence people by the spaking is the gift from
God which is individually.
This opinion peerhaps available actually. But it doest absolute because
basicially the skillof speaking may learned and rised by pratice. The problem
ishow to pratice well tobe able to speaking effectively. Every thing in the
world may learned and done well by everyone if people wants take it into
the real life by pratice. Willingness helps everyone to be better inn anything
and the key is pratice everytime and everywhere.
On each communication accent , well in the formal or informal speaking
technique which may done are,
5.1.1.Menarik nafas dalam-dalam sebelum berbicara.
5.1.2.Mengatur voleume berbicara agar lebih keras dari bahasanya. Caranya dengan
mengatur suaraagar dapat didengar oleh jajaran orang yang duduk atau berdiri paling
5.1.3.Menggunakan kata-kata sehari-hari yang dikenal oleh pendengar. Orang akan tertarik
pada pembicaraan yang menggunakan kata-kata yag akrab di telinganya dari pada
pendengar yang paling berminat dan bersimpati terhadapa pembicaran kita. Lestari
All the way in the top helps us to be more understand how to speak effectively.
Effectively menas what we want to talk to the other may understood well and the
receiver may done what we want according to the content of our information that
we give by communication.
5.2. Actively Listening
Listening is the essential thing in commuication. Listen actively means listen to understand
what that said aside the message. If happend the lack on listening, so that happend is the
ununderstand language which used the difficulty to translate the conent which given the
limmited time t translate the message on words form, or ignore the the nonverbal
communnication which escort the verbal message . many lack that may avoided by listen
actively. It means that actively listen helps us to be better in communication . we may
understand any things well without find the very difficult things.
They are aree listening actively have to know also the felingwhich be the
background the message. It means they have to know the message which accapted on the
total meaning from what someone said. So, the message which accapted not too more or
only a part the message menaing that is got. They listen fit to theall of the content of the
message on total menaing.
There are some tips to listen actively,
5.2.1.Mendengarkan secara aktif dengan menangkap ungkapan-ungkapan non verbal sebaik
5.2.2.Penerima pesan mengecek kebali(perception check) apa yang ada dibaik pesan yang
yangsangat spesifik. Kegiatan mengamati orang lain tanpa membuat keputusan atau
memahami gambaran pelaku . Serupa halnya denan perasaan di mana setiap orang
mempunyai ciri atau tanda yang lain seperti nama,analogi, atau sesuatu yang mewakili
ynag ini. Semuanya dapat meningatkan keaktivan dalam mendenngarkan.(Lestari and
Maliki 2006:48).
According to the opinion in the top we may know clearly that listening active
technique may helps and makes the sender to the accurrate information. To
determine it the goodinformation quallity not only the challange on
communiction,well the sender and the receiver wants to determine thatthey have
the true of the accurate information quallity.
The developtment of listening ability needs the identification from the
individual elements and alsolisten certain abilities that may develope the effective
of listening. Brownell via Lestari and Maliki 2006:49 say that, to clarify it the
effectivities of listening may undestood by the behaviour indicator that people feel
that be conected by effective listening on six unsures which known with HURLER
model(Hearing,Understand,Remembering,Interpreting,Evaluating,and
Responding.Taking from The Behavior in Organization, jeral Greenburg, Robert A.
Baron via Maliki and Lestari 2006:49.
According to the opinion acctualyto the theory from Hurler his model isn`t
easy. It because it is very depend on the individual of every one. But we don`t ever
stop to learn. Isn`t easy it doesnt mean that we can. We have more efford and
hardwork. So, it will be easy for us to do.
5.3. Skill of Speaking
Verbal skill on oral speaking is the ability to expres the matter of speaking on words
language. Thereis no regulation that tied the or standard on using. Well it conected
with the long of words or the detail of description that will be given. All of them are
depend on the experiment level unsure, the long talking, the matter of talking and
all the time.
On communicate better if not using the jargeon word . it means the own
made for the special people, with special profession or other peopple, can`t be
undertsood by the other people ,, other group, and other. We have to use the KISS
principle( keep language, short,simple,and to the point)
Technique that may we use on develope the effective of verbal talking
presentation are,
5.3.1.Self-confidence
Evryone in the meantime hopes to listen the worst converzation that they never hear
before. But on the same time they hope to listen the best coverzation. Because of that
ifmay listen better ( than become the thought of the receiver. So the convezation will
get the support and respection.
5.3.2.Say the Word Clearly and Slowly
Use the preassure and the rhytyhm to show the point, like angry by the ring tone
of voice , and sad by the smooth voice ,etc. But avoid the impression as the play actor.
5.3.5.Pull the Breath Deeps Twice until three to Reduce the Tension.
Menage the breath normally and dont be impressed like the people who are got
caugh up If need to stop the converzation. Besides to get breath it also be function to
left word or forget, just have a time to stop. This way will show that we are thinking
and will be the positive affec compared say what (yea,eh,ah ....etc.)
5.3.7.Read the paragraph which opinioned is important from the writing text.
5.3.8.Dont be shy on doing this, because the receiver will think that we only preassure the
5.3.9.Prepare the Drink Water(mostly for they who are sometime no more left their breath
if they are talking dried up , also help the speaker to have time to stop,to have real
time.
According to the technique of speaking by Maliki and Lestari i think that the ways
are not difficult to do. They are easy to to do if we are really have passion and
motivation to be better on speaking espesially for our better communication.
5.4. Style of Speaking
Style of speaking is the way of speaking that may be effect the attractive to the
receiver. Style of speaking may grouped into,
5.4.1.Style of speaking by conected voice with tthe words,called language style,
Asindenton language
Polisidenttion langauage
Klimaks language
Antiklimaks language
Hyperbola language
5.4.2.Style of speaking by Our feature, named speaking style thatnot by words, not on the
5.4.4.Style of speaking
Action include the language on the width content and as the tool of communication.
5.5. Things those are Interesting
Those are the tecniques that we may use to make our communication effective. The
effective commmunication is not happen by accident but by efford and passion. We
have to use the most of our ability and time to practice from time to time. Sometimes
we know the wrong things but we do not want to change it to the right only because
our laziness and other.