Pre-Test

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 PerkenalanKoe
Nama : Eddy Prasetyo Nugroho
Beristri 1 dan Anak Tiga
Riwayat Pendidikan di Informatika STT Telkom dan ITB
Unit Kerja: Program Ilmu Komputer, FPMIPA-UPI
E-mail : eddypn@upi.edu,eddypn@gmail.com
Hp : 08562116367

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JARINGAN KOMPUTER DAN
INTERNET

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 Introduction
Network :
sistem yang terhubung dengan pola dan tujuan
tertentu dari obyek atau manusia
Seperangkat sistem yang saling dihubungkan
dengan ada sesuatu yang dibagi.
Type of Network:
communications
transportation
social
biological
utilities

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 Definisi Jaringan Komputer
Group of interconnected systems sharing
resources and interacting using a shared
communications link
Collection of autonomous computers
interconnected by a single technology
A group of computers and associated peripheral
devices connected by a communications channel
capable of sharing files and other resources
among several users.
Disebut juga Jaringan Data

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 Computer Network Evolution

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 Kegunaan Jaringan Komputer
Business Applications
Home Applications
Mobile Users
Social Issues

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 Business Applications of
Networks
A network with two clients and one
server.

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 Business Applications of Networks (2)

Why?
Resource sharing
Communication medium

Support doing business

electronically (e-business)
Support doing business with
consumers over the Internet (e-
commerce)
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 Home Network Applications
Why?
Access to remote information
Person-to-person communication
Interactive entertainment
Electronic commerce

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 Home Network Applications (2)
In peer-to-peer system there are no
fixed clients and servers.

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 Home Network Applications (3)
Some forms of e-commerce.

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 MOBILE NETWORK USERS
Why?
Portable office
Fixed wireless >< Mobile wireless
Combinations of wireless networks and
mobile computing.

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 SOCIAL ISSUES
The trouble comes when newsgroup
are set up on topics that people actually
care about, like politics, religion, or sex

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 Network Categories

The resources and software capabilities that nodes on a network

share are commonly known as services.

Networks are categorized as:

Server-centric

Peer-to-peer

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 Server-Centric Networks

On a server-centric network, one or more servers process the requests

centrally.
On a server-centric setup, the server is a terminal with high processing
power, which provides services for the other computers on a network.
The client is a terminal that accesses resources available on a server.

The well-known client/server setup is a typical example of server-centric

networks.

In a client/server network setup, the server is responsible for processing

the requests sent by the clients.

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Illustration of Server-Centric
Networks

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Client-server illustration

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 Peer-to-Peer Networks
On a peer-to-peer network, no specific distinction exists between
a client and a server.

The following figure shows the peer-to-peer network:

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In a peer-to-peer system there are no
fixed clients and servers.

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 Network Hardware
There is no generally accepted taxonomy into which all computer networks
fit, but two dimensions stand out as important: transmission technology
and scale

Broadly speaking, there are two types of transmission technology that are
in widespread use. They are as follows:
Broadcast links.
Point-to-point links.

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 Broadcast links
Its have a single communication channel that is shared by all the
machines on the network.

Short messages, called packets in certain contexts, sent by any machine

are received by all the others. An address field within the packet specifies
the intended recipient. Upon receiving a packet, a machine checks the
address field. If the packet is intended for the receiving machine, that
machine processes the packet; if the packet is intended for some other
machine, it is just ignored

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 Point-to-point links
Its consist of many connections between individual pairs of
machines.

To go from the source to the destination, a packet on this type of

network may have to first visit one or more intermediate
machines.

Often multiple routes, of different lengths, are possible, so finding

good ones is important in point-to-point networks. As a general
rule (although there are many exceptions), smaller,
geographically localized networks tend to use broadcasting,
whereas larger networks usually are point-to-point. Point-to-point
transmission with one sender and one receiver is sometimes
called unicasting.

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Clasification of Computer (cont.)
Based on Geographic Area:
Local Area Network (LAN) :
dibatasi beberapa Km, kantor atau kampus
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
puluhan Km, kota
Wide Area Network (WAN)
ratusan - ribuan Km
Terrestrial radio networks
Wireless communications
Satellite networks - internasional

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3. Element of network

rules

messages
devices

medium

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Massage Device Media
The data you sent Two Type To connect devices

Originate messages devices , These devices are typically

used to originate messages connected by LAN media
that comprise our communication (wired or wireless).

Intermediate devices, used to These devices are typically

direct and manage messages connected by WAN media
across the network,

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 1. Originate messages devices Sent massage

2. LAN media

3. Intermediate devices

4. WAN media

5. Intermediate devices

6. LAN media

7. Originate messages devices Receive massage

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 Data Text ,picture ,voice ,video

Devise PC , laptop ,servers, and IP phones

media LAN media (wired or wireless).

Devise Switch, Firewall ,Router, Wireless Router ,Cloud

media WAN media (wired or wireless).

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 Media
Menyediakan kanal dimana message dapat
diberjalan dari source ke destination
Tipe media yg digunakan pada jaringan
modern :
Logam pd kabel : sinyal elektrik
Gelas atau plastik pd fiber : cahaya
Wireless :gelombang elektromagnetik
Kriteria memilih network media :
Jarak sehingga media dapat membawa sinyal
Lingkungan dimana media akan dipasang
Jumlah data dan kecepatan transmisi
Biaya media dan instalasi
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Media
Copper cable (twisted pair and coaxial)
Fibre optic cable
Wireless

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Kabel Coaxial
Kabel coaxial sempat menjadi jenis kabel yang
paling banyak digunakan
Murah dan mudah dipasang
Terdiri dari inti kabel tembaga yang diselubungi
insulasi, konduktor luar dan jaket
Ada dua jenis :
Thin (thinnet)
Thick (thicknet)

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Kabel Coaxial Thinnet
Thinnet adalah kabel
koaxial dengan ketebalan
kurang lebih 0.25 inchi
Sangat fleksibel
Dapat langsung
dihubungkan ke komputer
menggunakan konektor
BNC
Dapat mencapai panjang
185 meter
Impedansi 50 ohm

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Kabel Coaxial thicknet
Thicknet adalah kabel coaxial
yang kaku dengan diameter
kurang lebih 0.5 inchi
Disebut debagai kabel standard
ethernet karena implementasi
awal jaringan ethernet
menggunakan kabel ini
Dapat mencapai panjang 500
meter dan biasa digunakan
untuk backbone
Membutuhkan komponen
transceiver

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Coaxial cable
Central conductor
Insulation
Copper braid acting as return path for
current and also as shield against
interference (noise)
Outer jacket

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Connectors for coaxial cable

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Coaxial cable
Good for high frequency radio/video
signals
Used for antennas/aerials
Used for cable TV and Internet
connections, often now combined with
fibre optic.
Formerly used in Ethernet LANs died out
as UTP was cheaper and gave higher
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speeds
 Unshielded twisted pair

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(UTP) cable
8 wires twisted together into 4 pairs and
with an outer jacket.
Wires have colour-coded plastic jackets
Commonly used for Ethernet LANs

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RJ45 connectors
Plugs on
patch cables
(crimped)

Sockets to
terminate
installed
cabling
(punch down)

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Straight through cable
Both ends the same
Connect PC to switch or
hub
Connect router to switch
or hub
Installed cabling is
straight through
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Crossover cable
Wire 1 swaps with 3
Wire 2 swaps with 6
Connect similar devices
to each other
Connect PC direct to
router

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Rollover cable
Cisco proprietary
Wire order completely
reversed
Console connection from PC
serial port to router to
configure router
Special cable or RJ45 to D9
adaptor. 45
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UTP cable
EIA/TIA sets standards for cables
Category 5 or higher can be used for
100Mbps Ethernet. Cat 5e can be used for
Gigabit Ethernet if well installed.
We have Cat 5e. A new installation now
would have Cat 6.
The number of twists per metre is carefully
controlled.
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Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Wires are shielded against noise
Much more expensive than UTP
Might be used for 10 Gbps Ethernet

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Avoiding noise problems
Metal shielding round cables
Twisting of wire pairs gives cancelling
effect
Avoiding routing copper cable through
areas liable to produce noise
Careful termination putting connectors
on cables correctly
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Fibre optic cable
Transmits flashes of light
No RFI/EMI noise problem
Several fibres in cable
Paired for full
duplex

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Single mode fibre optic
Glass core 8 10 micrometres diameter
Laser light source produces single ray of
light
Distances up to 100km
Photodiodes to convert light back to
electrical signals

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Multimode fibre optic
Glass core 50 60 micrometres diameter
LED light source produces many rays of
light at different angles, travel at different
speeds
Distances up to 2km, limited by dispersion
Photodiode receptors
Cheaper than
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Fibre optic connectors

Straight tip (ST) connector Subscriber connector (SC)

single mode multimode

Single mode lucent connector Multimode lucent connector

Duplex multimode lucent connector (LC) 52

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Comparison of Cable MEdia

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Which cable for the LAN?
UTP copper Fibre optic
Max 100 m length 100km or 2km
Noise problems No noise problems
Within building only Within/between buildings
Cheaper More expensive
Easier to install Harder to install

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 Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN : individual network yg berada pada area
geografis terbatas, menyediakan service dan
aplikasi utk orang pd organisasi yg sama spt
single business, kampus dll
LAN biasanya diadministrasi oleh single
organisasi yg mengontrol keamanan dan akses
kontrol ke network
Mempunyai karakteristik
Transfer data dengan kecepatan tinggi
Berada pada area geografi terbatas
Teknologi yang digunakan pada umumnya tidak
terlalu mahal
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LAN

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 Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Jaringan yg menghubungkan LAN yg berada
pada area geografi yg jauh sehingga perlu
menggunakan Telecommunications Service
Provider (TSP) untuk menghubungkan LAN
Mempunyai karakteristik
Umumnya mencakup area geografis yang luas (lebih luas
dari LAN), melintasi jalan umum dan menggunakan fasilitas
jaringan umum (public networks)
Contoh Jaringan Data
Menggunakan koneksi serial dengan berbagai Bandwidth
akses
Kecepatan lebih rendah (dari LAN)
Menyediakan koneksi full-time dan Part-Time

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 Internet
Beberapa organisasi besar (pemerintah,
perusahaan) membuat interconnected networks
(internetworks) dengan pemakaian eksklusif
interconnected networks (internetworks) yg
dikenal dan digunakan secara luas adalah
Internet
Internet : dibuat dengan interconnected
networks yang dimiliki Internet Service
Providers (ISPs)
Intranet : private connection dari LAN dan WAN
yg dimiliki organisasi dan didesain untuk dapat
dikases hanya oleh anggota organisasi,
pegawai atau yg lain dengan otorisasi
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 Internet
Protokol Referensi global yang dipakai,
TCP/IP yang terdiri dari 4 layer yaitu:
Layer Aplikasi (Application Layer)
Layer Transpor (Trasnport Layer)
Layer Internet (Internet Layer)
Layer Network Access (Network Access
Layer)

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 Manfaat Internet
1. Memperoleh Informasi
2. Berkirim surat (e-mail)
3. Chatting
4. Melakukan Transaksi perdagangan (e-
commerce)
5. Internet Phone
6. Diskusi
7. Memasang Iklan
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 Koneksi internet
IP Connection (LAN)
Apabila semua hardware dan sofware yang kita
punya terus konek ke Internet, maka kita harus
menggunakan IP (Internet Protocol) address.

Dial UP Connection
Apabila kita menggunakan modem untuk dial ke ISP
supaya mendapatkan koneksi capaian ke internet,
maka hal itu disebut Connect Dial UP.

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 Layanan ISP
1. Electrnic Mail (e-Mail)
2. Worl Wide Web (WWW)
3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
4. Newsgroup
5. Telnet
6. Gopher
7. Chat
8. Ping
9. HTML
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 Terminologi yg Lain
Network Interface Card
NIC atau LAN adapter, menyediakan koneksi fisik ke
network pd PC atau host device. Media yg
menyambungkan PC ke network dimasukan
langsung ke NIC
Physical Port
Connector atau outlet pada perangkat network
dimana media disambungkan ke host atau perangkat
networking
Interface
Spesial port pd networking device yg tersambung ke
individual network.
Karena router digunakan untuk interconnect
networks, maka port pd router disebut juga interface
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 Peralatan Jaringan Komputer
1. Server
2. Client.
3. Network Interface Card (NIC).
4. Concentrators / Hub.
5. Pengulang (repeaters).
6. Jembatan (Bridges).
7. Router.

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 Topologies Computer Networks
LAN Topologies
1. Bus Topology

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Topologies Computer Networks (2)

LAN Topologies
2. Ring Topology

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Topologies Computer Networks (3)

LAN Topologies
3. Star Topology

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Topologies Computer Networks (4)

LAN Topologies
4. Mesh Topology

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Topologies Computer Networks (5)

LAN Topologies
5. Extended Star Topology

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Topologies Computer Networks (6)

Example to combining LAN Topologies

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 4, Converged networks.
(10 minute)

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Multiple services-multiple networks

Traditional telephone, radio,

television, and computer data
networks each have their own
individual versions of the four
basic network elements.

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Converged networks

Consolidate these disparate

networks onto one platform - a
platform defined as a
converged network. The flow of
voice, video, and data traveling
over the same network
eliminates the need to create
and maintain separate
networks.

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Intelligent Information Networks IIN

The role of the network is

evolving. The intelligent
communications platform of
tomorrow will offer so much
more than basic connectivity
and access to applications.
The convergence of the
different types of
communications networks
onto one platform represents
the first phase in building the
intelligent information network
the devices that perform the
telephone switching and video
broadcasting will be the same
devices that route the
messages through the
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 Reference
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer
Networks, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003
Buku TIK PLPG
Todd Lammle, Cisco Certified Network
Associate Study Guide, 6th Edition, Wiley
Publishing, Inc., 2007
CCNA ver 4 Exploration 1

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