COMMON TECHNIQUES IN EXTENDING

HORIZONTAL CONTROL

TRIANGULATION
TRILATERATION
TRAVERSE
TRIANGULATION
IDEAL TRIANGULATION NETWORK IS
COMPOSED OF EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES
WE DESIGN THE TRIANGULATION NETWORK
TO CONFORM WITH THE ACTUAL FEATURES
OF THE LAND

STRENGTH OF FIGURE
STRENGTH OF FIGURE

= ( + + )

n = [ log(sin ( + 1) ) log(sin ) ] (multiply by 1 x 106)

 STRENGTH OF FIGURE FACTOR

=

D = no. of directions observed excluding the known line

C = geometric conditions to be satisfied
C = (n s + 1) + (n 2s + 3)
n' = no. of lines observed in both directions including the
known line
s = no. of occupied stations
n = total no. of lines
s = total no. of stations
 STRENGTH OF FIGURE FACTOR

=

D=4

C = (n s + 1) + (n 2s + 3)
n' = 3
s = 3
n=3 =

s=3
C = (3 3 + 1) + (3 2(3) + 3) = .
C=1

( + + )
 COMPUTE ( +
+
)
USING THE ROUTE ABC AND ACD WITH AC AS THE
COMMON SIDE
 ABC
n = [ log(sin ( + 1) ) log(sin ) ] (multiply by 1 x 106)

A = [ log(sin (750001) ) log(sin 75) ] x 106

A = 0.564166662
B = [ log(sin (600001) ) log(sin 60) ] x 106
B = 1.215615194
A = 0.564166662 B = 1.215615194

+ + = .
 ACD
n = [ log(sin ( + 1) ) log(sin ) ] (multiply by 1 x 106)

D = [ log(sin (800001) ) log(sin 80) ] x 106

D = 0.371254558
C = [ log(sin (700001) ) log(sin 70) ] x 106
C = 0.766340486
C = 0.766340486 D = 0.371254558

+ + = .
 + + = .
+ + = .

+ + = .

= ( + + )
ABD BCD BD ABD: 44 & 92 BCD: 56 & 56

ABC BCD BC ABC: 26 & 54 BCD: 68& 56

ABD ACD AD ABD: 44 & 44 ACD: 30 & 38

ABC ACD AC ABC 26: & 100 ACD: 38 & 112

 B
A 44

26 AND 100
56

38 26

44
68 38 AND 112
D

C
 B
A 44

26 AND 100
56

26

A = [ log(sin (260001) ) log(sin 26) ] x 106

B = [ log(sin (1000001) ) log(sin 100) ] x 106
+ + =
 A

38 AND 112
38

44
68
D

A = [ log(sin (380001) ) log(sin 38) ] x 106

B = [ log(sin (1120001) ) log(sin 112) ] x 106
+ + =
FROM ABC

+ + =

FROM ACD

+ + =

+ + =

= ( + + )
ASSUME ALL STATIONS WERE OCCUPIED AND ALL LINES WERE
OBSERVED IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

=

D = no. of directions observed excluding the known line

C = geometric conditions to be satisfied

C = (n s + 1) + (n 2s + 3)
n' = no. of lines observed in both directions including the
known line
s = no. of occupied stations
n = total no. of lines
s = total no. of stations
1. IDENTIFY THE ROUTES (2 TRIANGLES) AND THEIR
CORRESPONDING DISTANCE ANGLES

2. COMPUTE
n = [ log(sin ( + 1) ) log(sin ) ] (multiply by 1 x 106)
FOR EACH DISTANCE ANGLES

3. INPUT THE 2 n AS a and b

4. GET THE SUM OF THE 2 + +
FROM THE 2 TRIANGLES
5. MULTIPLY THE SUM BY F TO GET R
ROUTES STRENGTH OF FIGURE

ABC BCD BC 27.58

ABC ACD AC 17.17

ABD BCD BD 04.60

ABD ACD AD 14.26