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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 1
Basic Know Hows ..................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 1: Playing with Words ................................................................................................3
Basics ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 1: Linguistic Concepts ......................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 2: Articles, Vowels & Consonants......................................................................................... 3
Tips & Tricks 1: Common Confusing Words ..................................................................................... 4
Word Meanings..................................................................................................................................... 6
Tips & Tricks 2: Word List ................................................................................................................. 6
Odd Man Out ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Synonyms & Antonyms ........................................................................................................................13
Tips & Tricks 3: Synonyms & Antonyms ..........................................................................................13
Synonyms .......................................................................................................................................13
Antonyms ........................................................................................................................................15
Anagrams ............................................................................................................................................15
Tips & Tricks 4: Anagram .................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 2: Analogies ............................................................................................................ 18
Lesson 3: Deducing Relationships ..................................................................................................18
Word Relations: Type I (Missing Word in Pairs of Words) .....................................................................18
Word Relations: Type II (Find Missing Word in Sentence) ....................................................................25
Word Relations: Type III (Given One Pair, Find the Missing Pair) ..........................................................27
Word Relations: Type IV (Find Missing Word in Word Triplets) .............................................................29
Word Relations: Type V (Find Two Words to Form an Analogy) ............................................................30
Find Essential Element ........................................................................................................................31
CHAPTER 3: Language & Grammar .......................................................................................... 35
Lesson 4: Noun ...............................................................................................................................35
Lesson 5: Singular & Plural ..............................................................................................................35
Lesson 6: Pronoun ..........................................................................................................................35
Lesson 7: Verb.................................................................................................................................36
Lesson 8: Sentence Structure-Subject, Predicate & Object ............................................................36
Lesson 9: Tenses .............................................................................................................................37
Lesson 10: Adjectives .....................................................................................................................37
Lesson 11: Adverbs .........................................................................................................................37
Lesson 12: Prepositions ..................................................................................................................38
Lesson 13: Conjunctions .................................................................................................................38
Lesson 14: Interjections ..................................................................................................................38
Lesson 15: Phrases & Clauses ........................................................................................................38
Lesson 16: Verbals-Gerunds, Participles & Infinitives ......................................................................38
Lesson 17: Direct & Indirect Speech ...............................................................................................39
Lesson 18: Active & Passive Voice ..................................................................................................39
Tips & Tricks 5: Common Punctuation Rules ..................................................................................40
Tips & Tricks 6: Common Grammatical Mistakes ............................................................................41
Sentence Correction ............................................................................................................................42
Tips & Tricks 7: Using s and s .......................................................................................................42
Tips & Tricks 8: Whos versus Whose ..............................................................................................43
Tips & Tricks 9: Their versus There ..................................................................................................43
Tips & Tricks 10: Correct usage of Was & Were...............................................................................44
Tips & Tricks 11: Correct usage of I & Me........................................................................................45
Tips & Tricks 12: Correct use of One as a Pronoun .........................................................................45
Form Paragraphs: Order of Sentences ................................................................................................46
Lesson 19: Order of Sentences .......................................................................................................46
Some Fixed Sentences ...................................................................................................................47
No Fixed Sentences ........................................................................................................................48
CHAPTER 4: General Verbal Reasoning ................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 5: Playing with Alphabets ........................................................................................ 59
Tips & Tricks 13: Alphabet Series ....................................................................................................59
Complete the Series ............................................................................................................................59
Graphical Series Completion ...............................................................................................................60
Find Missing Alphabet .........................................................................................................................61
CHAPTER 6: Coding-Decoding ................................................................................................ 63
Tips & Tricks 14: Coding-Decoding .................................................................................................63
Based on Code & Key Scheme ...........................................................................................................63

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Based
B on Lettter Coding ............................................................................................................................63
Based
B on Lettter Rearrang gement ...............................................................................................................65
Based
B on Wo ord Parts ................................................................................................................................66
CHAPTER 7 : Reading Comprehens
C sion - Easy Passages
P ............................................................. 70
Lesson 20 0: Reading Comprehensio
C on ...................................................................................................70
CHAPTER 8 : Reading Comprehens
C sion - Moderrately Difficu ult Passagess ..................................... 75
CHAPTER 9 : Reading Comprehens
C sion - Advan nced Passag ges .................................................... 82
Appendices ............................................................................................................................. ... 92
Appendix
A I: W
Word List ...............................................................................................................................92
Appendix
A II: Prefix (Root)) Words with Meaning & Examples E ..................................................................104
Appendix
A III: Suffix with Meaning
M and d Examples ....................................................................................108
Appendix
A IV: Synonym Liist .....................................................................................................................108
Appendix
A V: Antonym Lisst.......................................................................................................................110
Appendix
A VI: Comparativve & Superlattive Forms of o Adjective ................................................................112
Appendix
A VII: Animals & Their
T Soundss....................................................................................................112

BASIIC KNOW
W HOWSS
Manage your time well.
w A speciall mark is given at the beginning of the
Most of th
he tests willl have time
e constrain
nt. question that class sifies it ass either eaasy or
difficult, denotess basic or eaasy questio
on and
It is not th
hat one can
nnot solve those prob
blems
but it is g
generally th
he lack of tiime. denotes difficultt or tricky question.
q
Have a soound sleep, be focuseed on the ques-
q Always choose simp pler operation over co
ompli-
tions, as the questiions are ve
ery logical,, and cated one. This mig ght mean starting
s witth the
need propper concenttration. choices in certain ca
ases. For ex
xample, muultipli-
cation is easier thaan division and addition is
It is best to choose easy prob
blems and solve an subtracttion.
easier tha
n time.
them all in the given
Names off the Greek Alphabets used in the
e book
Do not ge
et struck on
n tough or time-consu
t ming are:
questions
s eventually
y running sshort of tim
me.
Symbol Name Symbo
ol Name Symbol Namme
In the firs
st round, answer
a que
estions thatt you Alppha Beta Gammma
think are very easy. Delta Epsilon Zetta
Then in tthe second d round tryy to answer the Etaa Theta a
Iota
questionss, which yo ou know but
b you lefft be- Kapppa Lambda Mu
cause, feltt they are le
engthy or time consumming. Nuu Xi Ommicron
Pi Rho Sigma
Try shortc
cuts to solv
ve the questtions ratherr than Tauu Upsilon Phii
conventioonal ways. Many will be described in Chi Psi Ommega
this book. Symbol for the curre
ency (Indian Rupee) used in
the book is `.

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CHA
APTER 1: PLAYIN
NG WITH
H WORDSS
Note that this kind of relation
nship is diistinct
Basics
B from relationship between wordds by way of their
Leesson 1: Lin
nguistic Con
ncepts meanings (antonym i.e. oppo osite meannings,
Linguistic
L Groups synonym i.e. same meaning).
m
The
T following terms arre used in to
o convey sp
pecial
relationship
r p between words
w with respect to their
pronunciati
p ion or spelling.
Term
T Meaning Spelling Pronuncia- Examp
ples
tion
Homonym
H Different Same Same skate (glide
( on ice
e) & skate (th
he fish)
Homograph
H Different Same Same or bark (s
sound of a dog)
d & bark (skin of tree))
different

Homophone
H Different Same or Same rose (fflower) & ros
se (past tens
se of rise)
different

Heteronym
H Different Same Differentt desertt (to abandon
n) & desert (arid
( or dry region)
r
Hetero-
H Different Different Same to, too
o, two & therre, their, theyre
graph
g
Polyseme
P Different Same Same or mouthh means eith
her orifice on
n ones face or opening of
o
but different cave
related
Capitonym
C Different Same excep pt Same or polish
h (to make sh
hiny) & Polish (from Pola
and)
when for capitali-- different
capital- zation
ized
Antonym m or oppo osites: The
ese words have
integrally
y incompatible binary
y relation as in
opposite pairs like male: fema
ale, long: short,
s
up: down & precede: follow.
Synonym ms: These are differe ent words with
nearly alik
ke or simila
ar meanings. E.g., sick
k & ill.
Hypernyms & Hypo onyms: Hy ypernym reffer to
general caategory while hyponym m refer to sp
pecif-
ic instancce of that category.
c E
E.g., vehicle
e is a
hypernym m of car and
d car is a hy
yponym of vehi-
cle. For th
his section, it might bee useful to refer
to langua age and graammar tips s and trickks on
page 35.
Countablle and Unc countable Nouns: Counta-
ble nouns s have both h singular & plural form. In Lesson 2: Articless, Vowels & Consonan
nts
plural, the
ese nouns can c be used d with numb ber &
Vowels an
nd Conson nants
hence callled as cou untable nou uns & are used
with many y, e.g. if someone has 100 friend ds, he Vowels Consonants
or she is s
said to have e many frie
ends & not much
m Vowels are 5 letters with Consonant letters ha
ave
friends. U
Uncountable e nouns cann only be ussed in sounds thatt are made sounds that are blocked
with no airfflow blockag
ge. by lips or tongue.
singular ssense & can nt be used with numb ber &
List of Vow
wels and Co
onsonants
hence callled as unco ountable nouns & are gener-
g
ally denooted by mu uch, e.g., if
i someone e has Vowels a e i o u
`200, theyy are said to t have much money & not Conso- bcd fgh jkl mn pqrst vwxyz
many mon ney. Of courrse, money can be counted, nants
but when used as a countable
c n
noun it has to be Articles: Article
A is an
n adjective & like adjectives
used withh the name of currency y. (refer on page
p 10), articles
a also
o modify nouns.
n
English has following g articles: the
and aa/an.
The referrs to speciffic or particcular nounns & is
definite arrticle whilee a or ann modifiess non-
specific or non-partic cular nouns s & are inde
efinite
articles.
Indefinite Articles:
A A
A and an signal that noun
modified iss indefinite
e & refer to any membe er of a
group. E.g., My daug ghter reallyy wants a cat
c for
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Solution: Word S E R P E N T is coded by arranging the Solution: To get the code for the word S A V O U R Y, the
letters reverse order starting with T and ending with S, letter S is shifted from its position to that between the last
similarly word PLAGUE will be coded as E U G A L P. two words, similarly, for the word R A D I A T E, the coding
If CONDEMN is coded as CNODMEN, then how would require moving the letter R from the beginning of
is TEACHER coded? word to between the last two letters T and E.
If CRY is coded as MRYC, then how is GET
A. TAECHER B. TAEECHR coded?
C. TCAEEHR D. TAECEHR
Answer: D
A. MTEG B. MGET C. MEGT D. METG
Answer: D
Solution: 2nd and 3rd letter & again 5th & 6th letters are
interchanged in word C O N D E M N to arrive at its code C Solution: To get the code, word C R Y is rearranged as R Y C
N O D M E N. (middle letter 1st followed by last letter & then 1st letter)
and preceded with M, similarly G E T can be rearranged as
If CIGARETTE is coded as GICERAETT, then E T G and then prepended with M to get code which is
how is DEMONSTRATION coded? given by choice D.
A. MEDNSOARTOITN B. MEDSNOATROITN
Based on Word Parts
C. MEDSNOARTIOTN D. MEDSNOARTOITN
Directions: In the following questions, some
Answer: D
words are translated into non-sense words.
Solution: To get the code for word C I G A R E T T E it is According to those given, find out non-sense
divided in sets of three letters and then letters are reversed word or phrase for a sensible word or phrase.
in each of these sets i.e. CIG is coded as GIC, ARE is coded as
ERA & TTE is coded as ETT. Similarly, to get the code for D
E M O N S T R A T I O N, it could be divided into sets of 3 daftafoni implies advisement, imodafta
letters each and letters reversed in each of the three sets. implies misadvise & imolokti implies miscon-
duct. Which word could imply statement?
If KEDGY is coded as EKDYG, then how is
LIGHT coded? A. kratafoni B. kratadafta
A. ILHTG B. ILGHT C. ILGTH D. THGIL C. loktifoni D. daftaimo
Answer: C Answer: A
Solution: To get the code, middle letter in word K E D G Y is Solution: Since dafta is the common word part in the code
kept constant, the 1st & 2nd letters are interchanged, and for advisement and misadvise it must stand for advice.
4th & 5th letters are interchanged. Similarly, L I G H T could Therefore, foni should stand for ment (from advisement).
be coded as I L G T H. Similarly imo is common to codes of misadvise and
misconduct, it should mean mis. Therefore, lokti must
If SPANK is coded as PSNAK, then how is
implies conduct (from misconduct). Only word in choices
THROW coded?
that is not defined is krata & it is reasonable to assume that
A. HTORW B. HTWOR krata implies state. Therefore, kratafoni is the only choice
C. HTWRO D. HTRWO that could mean statement.
Answer: A dionot implies oak tree, blyonot implies oak
leaf and blycrin implies maple leaf. Which word
Solution: To get the code for the word S P A N K, 1st and 2nd
could imply maple syrup?
letters are interchanged, 3rd & 4th letters are interchanged,
and the last letter remains constant. Similarly, T H R O W A. blymuth B. hupponot C. patricrin D. crinweel
will be coded as H T O R W. Answer: C
If UDOMETER is coded as DUMOTERE, how is Solution: From codes, dionot and blyonot, which stand for
SUBLEASE coded? oak tree and oak leaf respectively, one, can determine
A. USLBESAE B. USLBAEES that onot implies oak. From blyonot and blycrin, which
stand for oak leaf and maple leaf respectively, one can
C. USBAELES D. USLBEAES determine that bly implies leaf. Therefore, crin should
Answer: B mean maple. Because in the code for maple leaf the word
Solution: To gets its code, the word U D O M E T E R is part crin comes after bly in the code for maple syrup
divided in the set of 2 letters (underlined) and each pair of crin should come second. This leaves C as the only
letters is reversed. Similarly, S U B L E A SE can be coded as possible choice
U S L B A E E S. agnoscrenia implies poisonous spider, delano-
If SAVOURY is coded as OVUARSY, then how is crenia implies poisonous snake & agnosdeery
RADIATE coded? implies brown spider. Word implying black
widow spider is?
A. AIDARET B. IDARATE
A. deeryclostagnos B. agnosdelano
C. ARIADTE D. IDAATRE
Answer: D C. agnosvitriblunin D. trymuttiagnos
Answer: C

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A. Socialistic B. Capitalistic
C. Cooperative D. None of the above
Answer: C
Solution: Passage states that each activity in the village
must be conducted on co-operative basis.
II. How would village guards be maintained in
Swaraj?
A. Maintained by elections B. Rotational basis
C. Nominated by village head D. None of the above
Answer: B
Solution: Village guards must be selected from village
maintained register on rotation basis.
III. What is the requisite condition to grow money
crop?
A. Only if extra land is available after food crops
B. Money crops should exclude tobacco, opium, ganja
etc.
C. Cropped after satisfying the basic needs of the
villagers
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Solution: Passage states that money crop would be grown
after every villages own food crops & cotton for its cloth is
grown & cattle, reserves are met. When there will be more
land available, it would be used to grow money crops
excluding tobacco, opium & similar crops.
IV. From the passage what is the essence of
village Swaraj?
A. Complete independence & self-reliance of the
villages
B. Promoting wellbeing in villages
C. Making rural masses aware of their rights
D. Non-violence and Satyagraha
Answer: A
Solution: Passage explains how Swaraj promotes self-
reliance and independence of villagers, Gandhis idea of
village Swaraj is that of complete republic which is inde-
pendent of its neighbors for its own vital wants and yet
codependent for many others in which dependence is
necessary.
Passage VIII: Answer questions I to II based on
the passage given below.
Throughout his political career, Indias libera-
tion from British rule was s foremost political
goal & lifelong obsession. As he explained in his
most important work, The Indian Struggle, the
political party he proposed will stand for com-
plete political and economic liberation of the
Indian people. Speaking of a few days after his
death in August 1945, said, In the struggle for
the cause of Indias independence he gave life
and escaped all troubles which brave soldiers
like him face towards the end. He was brave &
had deep love for freedom. He rightly or wrongly
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believed, that whatever he did was for Indias
independence Although I personally didnt
agree with him in many respects and he left us
and formed Forward Bloc, nobody can doubt his
sincerity. He struggled throughout his life aiming
for Indias independence, in his own way.
I. What was s major political aim?
A. Establishing a political party
B. Liberating India from British rule
C. Establishing a political career
D. Liberation from economy of Britishers
Answer: B
Solution: The 1stline of the paragraph clearly reveals the
major political aim of , Indias liberation from British rule
was s foremost political goal.
II. What is the essence of s Speech?
A. It to glorify of Boses achievement and sincerity
B. Its about the mutual disputes in the way to achieve
freedom
C. Its justifying gaining independence by whatever
means
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Solution: Speech was given by to commemorate
Speaking of a few days after his death in August 1945,
said
Passage IX: Answer questions I to V based on
the passage given below.
Dhuandhar Falls in Bhedaghat is a well-known
site of beautiful scenery and complete tranquili-
ty. These rough yet calm, soft yet loud and
undoubtedly breathtaking falls are located 25 km
from Jabalpur on Narmada River. They are also
known as smoke cascade. Narmada River after
passing Marble Rocks narrows to become smoky
waterfall & its plunge is sudden and has greater
effect forming spectacular sight in Bhedaghat.
LamhetaGhat is a holy location few kilometers
upstream of Marble Rocks accessible from the
falls & Tilwara-Medical bypass. Numerous tem-
ples are constructed by Beohar dynasty between
16-18th century, which include till-top Radhika-
Madhav Temple or Radha-Krishna or Radha-
Govind Temple and Shiv-Bhaskar or Shiv-Surya
Temple. Complete temple complex has 6-7
temples & dharmashala on Narmada banks & is
called Shankarji Maharaj Mandir Parisar named
after the main temple. Following 1997 earth-
quake, some of these are tumbled down whereas
others have been repaired or renovated. Despite
temples belonging to private family trust, named
Sri Radhakrishna Charitable Private Trust, the
local custodianship is under family priest Pandit
.
I. What does the word Tranquility means?
A. Serenity B. Beauty