Q1.

Arrange in logical sequence:

(i) Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Anaphase, Cytokinesis.
(ii) Karyokinesis, S- phase, Cytokinesis, G I - phase, G2 - phase (cell cycle).
(iii) Endodermis, Cortex, Soil water, Xylem, Root hair.
(iv) Spongy cells, Upper epidermis, Stoma, Palisade tissue, Sub-stomatal space.
(v) Intestine, Liver, Intestinal artery, Hepatic Vein, Hepatic Portal Vein.
(vi) Renal vein, Renal artery, Afferent arteriole, Efferent arteriole, Glomerulus
(pathway of blood through glomerulus).
(vii) Oval window, Tympanum, Cochlea, Auditory canal, Ear ossicles (path
through which a vibration of sound is transferred in the human ear).
(viii) Pupil, Yellow Spot. Cornea, Lens. Aqueous humour. (path of entry of light
into the eye from an object)
(ix) Cretinism, Myxedema, Simple goiter. Acromegaly.
(x) Implantation, Parturition, Ovulation, Gestation, Fertilisation (stages leading
to formation of fetus and birth)
(xi) Active immunity, Antigen, Antibody, Bacteria, Lymphocytes. (defence
mechanism ofthe body).
(xii) Cresol, DDT, Lime, Mercurochrome, Bordeaux mixture.
Q2. Explain the following:
(i) Cytokinesis in plant cells
(ii) law of segregation
(iii) law of Dominance
(iv) Photolysis of water
(v) Pulse
(vi) Reflex action
(vii) Synapse
Q3. Name the following:
(i) Four nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule.
(ii) A membrane that disappear during prophase.
(iii) A specific part of a chromosome that determines hereditary characteristics.
(iv) The physical expression of genes in an individual.
(v) Biological/technical terms for the suppressed allele of a gene.
(vi) Two sex-linked diseases in male.
(vii) An X-linked disease found in humans.
(viii) A solution in which the relative concentration of water molecules and the
solute on either side of the cell membrane is the same.
(ix) A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell sap.
(x) The waxy layer on the epidermis of the leaf meant to reduce transpiration.
(xi) Permanently open structures seen on the bark of an old woody stem.
(xii) Process in which the loss of water from the injured part of the plant.
(xiii) The biological process which is the starting point of the food chain.
(xiv) An organelle responsible for Photosynthesis.
(xv) Phase of photosynthesis which is independent to light.
(xvi) Chemicals found in the blood which act against antigens.
(xvii) The phase of cardiac cycle in which the auricles contract.
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(xviii) The process in which WBCs squeeze through the walls of the
capillaries into the tissue.
(xix) Knot-like mass of blood capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule.
(xx) The organ where urea is produced.
(xxi) The hormone that increase the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules.
(xxii) Structure that carries visual stimuli from retina to the brain.
(xxiii) Protective coverings located round the human brain and spinal cord.
(xxiv) Eye lens losing flexibility resulting in a kind of long sightedness in elderly people.
(xxv) Part of the human brain which is concerned with memory.
(xxvi) Part of the human brain which is concerned with muscular coordination.
(xxvii) The protective covering of Brain.
(xxviii) The part of brain which controls all voluntary activities.
(xxix) The Photosensitive pigment present in the rod cells of retina.
(xxx) The internal layer of eye which prevent reflection of eye.
(xxxi) A neurotransmitter stored at the terminal end of the axon.
(xxxii) A fluid that occupies the larger cavity of the eyeball behind the lens.
(xxxiii) The phase in the menstrual cycle in which the remnant of follicle in the ovary
turns to Corpus luteum.
(xxxiv) The membrane that surrounds the fetus & secretes a protective fluid.
(xxxv) Structure which produce testosterone.
Q4. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Exudation of sap from injured parts of a plant is _________.
(ii) The ground substance present in a chloroplast is .....
(iii) Photolysis is the splitting of water molecules into Hydrogen ions and Hydroxyl ions
(iv)
inthe presence of ...... & light.
Point of contact between two neurons is .... .
(v) Protective covering of brain are .......... , ..............&............... .
(vi) Defect of eye in old people whereby they are unable tosee near object is
(vii) Basic unit of brain is ........................
(viii) Pigment responsible for dark vision is..........
(ix) Type of lens used to correct Myopia is ........... .
(x) Onset of menstruation is known as........
(xi) Mucous membrane lining of uterus is ......... .
(xii) Process of fusion of sperm nucleus and egg nucleus is known as...................
...........
(xiii) Birth rate is the number of ............. births per thousand of the population per year.
(xiv) Number of deaths per thousand of a population per year is known as ............
(xv) A foreign body that induces the formation of antibodies in the body......
Q5. Define the following:
(i) Centrosome (ii) interphase (iii) centrosome (iv) Mutation
(v) Alleles (vi) Homologous chromosomes (vii) gene
(viii) Monohybrid cross (ix) Gene (x) Phenotype
(xi)Guttation (xii) Osmosis (xiii)Destarched plant (xiv) Photoreceptor
(xv) Power of Accommodation (xvi)stereo scopic vision
(xvii) Diabetes insipidus (xviii) Tropic hormone (xix) Natality
(xx)Population density (xxi) Disinfectant (xxii)
Q6. Write exact location & function of the following:
(i) Lenticel
(ii) Hydathodes
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(iii) Chloroplast
(iv) Guard cell
(v) Thylakoids
(vi) Pulmonary semilunar valve
(vii) Chordae tendinae
(viii) Lymphocytes
(ix) Mitral valve
(x) Ureter
(xi) Sensory neuron
(xii) Motor neuron
(xiii) Hypothalamus
(xiv) Suspensory ligament
(xv) Placenta
(xvi) Seminiferous tubule
(xvii) Prostate gland
Q7. Find odd and out:
(i) Cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus.
(ii) Malleus, pinna, incus, stapes.
(iii) Blinking, Knitting without looking, Smiling ,Blushing, Crying.
(iv) Myopia, Cataract, Hypermetropia, Squint, Cretinism.
(v) Ovary, ureter, fallopian tube, uterus.
Q8. Draw a well labelled diagramof:
(i) Of the metaphase stage of Mitosis in an animal cell having four chromosomes.
(ii) Of the anaphase stage of mitosis in a plant cell having four chromosomes.
(iii) Chloroplast.
(iv) A Neuron and label node of Ranvier, Nissils granules, Cyton.
(v) The human eye as seen in a vertical section and label the part.
(vi) The human sperm.
(vii) Internal structure of kidney.
(viii) Nephron.
(ix) Reflex arc.
Q9. Give reason for the following:
(i) Gametes have a haploid number of chromosomes.
(ii) Wooden frames of doors get jammed during the mansoon season.
(iii) Why plant begins to die when excess of soluble fertilizer is added to soil.
(iv) Why is the wall the ventricle thicker than the auricles.
(v) Why has the renal cortex a dotted appearance.
(vi) Why do we feel blinded for a short while on coming out of a dark room.
(vii) Twins may not be identical.
(viii) Why the growth of population has not been appreciably checked in India.
Q10. Differentiate between the following:
(i) Mitosis and Meiosis. (No. of daughter cells formed at the end of the division).
(ii) Mitosis and Meiosis (The chromosome number of the daughter cells formed).
(iii) Wall pressure and turgor pressure. (definition)
(iv) Transpiration and Guttation (structures involved)
(v) Stoma and Stroma (describe its structure)
(vi) Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve. (Function)
(vii) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule. (parts included)
(viii) Cerebrum and spinal chord. (arrangement of cytons and axons of neuron)
(ix) Myopia and Hypermetropia (Condition of eyeball)
(x) Rods and Cones (Pigment Present
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(xi) Natality and Mortality (definition)
(xii) Vasectomy and Tubectomy. (Explain)
(xiii) WHO and RED CROSS. ( Function)
Q11. Expand the following:
(i) NADP
(ii) DPT
(iii) BCG
(iv) AIDS
(v) RuBP
(vi) DNA
(vii) ATP
(viii) NICD
Multiple choice questions:
Q12. The recessive gene is one that expresses itself in:
(i) Heterozygous condition
(ii) Homozygous condition
(iii) F2 generation
(iv) Y -linked inheritance
Q13. A plant is kept in a dark cupboard for about 48 hours before conducting any experiment on
photosynthesis to:
(i) Remove starch from the plant.
(ii) Ensure that starch is not translocated from the leaves.
(iii) Remove chlorophyll from the leaf of the plant.
(iv) Remove starch from the experimental leaf.
Q14. A destarched plant is one whose -
(i) Leaves are free from chlorophyll. (ii) Aerial part are free from starch.
(iii) Leaves are free from starch. (iv) Plant is free from starch.
Q15. Pulse wave is mainly caused by the:
(i) Systole of atria (ii) Diastole of atria .
(iii) Systole of the left ventricle (iv) Systole of the right ventricle.
Q16. Cerebral Hemisphere in mammals are connected by -
(i) Carpus leuteum (ii) Hypothalmus (iii) Pons varolli (iv) Carpus Callosum
Q17. BCG vaccine is used to build immunity against:
(i) Poliomyelitis (ii) Tuberculosis (iii) Malaria (iv) Whooping cough.
Q18. The onset of menstruation in the female is termed:
(i) Ovulation (ii) Menarche (iii) Menopause (iv) Parthenogenesis
Q19. Answer the following:
(i) Give the dihybrid ratio. Name and state the law which explains the same.
(ii) State Mendels law of Independent Assortment.
Q20. Given below is a diagram of a double helical structure of DNA:
(i) Name the four nitrogenous bases that form a DNA molecule.
(ii) Give the full form of DNA.
(iii) Name the unit of heredity.
(iv) Mention two points of difference between Mitosis and Meiosis.
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Q21. Given below is a schematic diagram showing Mendel's Experiment on sweet pea
plants having axial flowers with round seeds (AARR) and Terminal flowers with
wrinkled seeds (aarr). Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Give the phenotype of F1 progeny.
(ii) Give the phenotypes of F2 progeny produced upon by the self-pollination of F1 progeny.
(iii) Give the phenotyic ratio of F2 progeny.
(iv) Name and explain the law induced by Mendel on the basis of the above observation

Q22. The figure given below shows the epidermal cells of an onion bulb. This cell was then
transferred to a drop of sugar solution.
(i) Draw a well labelled diagram of the epidermal cell as it would appear after
immersion in a strong sugar solution.
(ii) What scientific term is used for the changes as shown in (i) above?
(iii) What should be done to restore the cell back to its original condition?
(iv) Give the scientific term for the recovery of the cell as a result of the step taken in (iii) above.
(v) Define the term osmosis.

Q23. A homozygous plant having round (R) and yellow seed is crossed with homozygous
plant having wrinkled (r) and green (y) seeds:
(i) Give the scientific name of the plant on which Mendel conducted his
hybridization experiments.
(ii) Give the genotype of the F1 generation.
(iii) Give the dihybrid phenotypic ratio and the number of offspring of the F-1
generation when two plants of the F I generation are crossed.
(iv) Name and state the law which explains the dihybrid ratio.
(v) Give the possible combinations of gametes that can be obtained from F1 hybrid.
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Q24. A pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a pure dwarf plant (tt). Draw Punnett squares to show
(1) F1 generation (2) F2 generation.
(i) Give the Phenotype of the F2 generation.
(ii) Give the Phenotypic and Genotypic ratio of the F1 and F2 generation.
Q25. List any two major activities of the Red Cross.
Q26. The phenomenon by which living or dead plant cells absorb water by surface attraction.A
membrane which allows the passage of molecules selectively. Given below is the
diagram of a cell as seen under the microscope after having been placed in a solution:
(i) What is the technical term used for the state/condition of the cell given above?
(ii) Give the technical term for the solution in which the cell was placed.
(iii) Name the parts numbered 1 to 4.
(iv) Is the cell given above a plant cell or an animal cell? Give two reasons in
support of your answer as evident from diagram.
(v) What would you do to bring this cell back to condition? Explain briefly : Osmosis

Q27. A homozygous Tall plant (T) bearing red colored (R) flowers is crossed with a
homozygous Dwarf plant (t) bearing white flowers (r):-
(i) Give the Genotype and Phenotype of the F1 generation.
(ii) Give the possible combinations of the gametes that can be obtained from the hybrid.
(iii) Give the dihybrid ratio and the phenotype of the offsprings of the F2 generation
when two plants of the F1 generation above are crossed.
Q28. Given below is the diagram of an apparatus set up to study a very important
physiological process:
(i) Name the process being studied.
(ii) Explain the process.
(iii) What change would you observe in the thistle funnel containing sugar solution
after about 10 minutes?
(iv) Is sugar solution hypertonic or hypotonic?
(v) Name the part of the plant cell which is represented by the sugar solution.
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(vi) Explain why much salt is added to pickles.
Q29. The following paragraph is related to absorption of water from the soil. Copy and complete
the following paragraph by selecting the correct word from those given in the box. You may
use the term only once.
Exosmosis, Hypertonic, Osmosis, Isotonic, Hypotonic, Cortical, Endosmosis
Water enters the root hair from the soil by the process of_________ This is because the
solution in the soil is _________ whereas the cell sap in the root hair cell is _________. The
water then passes through the xylem of the root. cells by cell to cell _________and reaches
the xylem of root.
Q30. Explain how the rate of transpiration is affected on (i) Windy day (ii) A foggy day.
Q31. The diagram below represents a structure found in a leaf. Study the same and answer the
questions that follow:
(i) Name the parts labelled A and B.
(ii) What is the biological term for the above structure?
(iii) What is the function of the part labelled A?
(iv) Mention two structural features of A, which help in the function mentioned in (iii) above.
(v) Where is this structure likely to be found in a leaf?
(vi) The above structure helps in the process of transpiration. Explain the term transpiration.
(vii) How many other cells are found surrounding this structure as seen in the diagram?

Q32. Given below is an experimental set up to study a particular process:

(i) Name the process being studied.

(ii) Explain the process named in (i) above.
(iii) Why is the pot covered with a plastic sheet?
(iv) Mention one way in which this process is beneficial to the plant.
(v) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment.
Q33. Mention three adaptations found in the plants to reduce transpiration.
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Q34. The diagram given below is an experiment conducted to study a factor necessary for
Photosynthesis. Observe the diagrams and then answer the following questions:

(i) What is the aim of the experiment?

(ii) Name the test performed on the leaf and the solution used for the test.
(iii) What type of leaf was used for the experiment? Give an example.
(iv) What is the expected result of the above test on the parts labelled A and B?
(v) Give a balanced chemical equation to represent the process of Photosynthesis.
Q35. The figure below represents an experiment set up to study a physiological process in plants:

(i) Name the physiological process being studied.

(ii) Explain the process.
(iii) What is the aim of the experiment?
(iv) Give a well balanced equation to represent the process.
Q36. Mention any three adaptation found in plants to favor the process of photosynthesis.
Q37. The diagram below represents an experimental conducted to prove the importance of a
factor in Photosynthesis. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) What is the aim of experiment.

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(ii) Why leaf is covered by black paper on both sides.
(iii) Is photosynthesis possible in invisible light.
(iv) Which color of light is most suitable for photosynthesis.
(v) Write the balanced equation of photosynthesis.
Q38. Complete the following by filling in a blanks numbered 1 to 10 with the appropriate word /
term :
Photosynthesis involves light reaction and dark reaction. During light reaction, the
chlorophyll present in the (1) ..................... gets activated by absorbing light energy. This
energy splits (2) .............. molecules to (3) ............. and oxygen and releases two electrons.
This process is called (4) ............ . The (5) ............ ions are picked up by NADP to form (6)
............The ADP is converted to (7) ................ . This process is called (8) ................. . During
the dark phase, the compound produced at the end of light reaction reacts with carbon dioxide
to form (9) ................ . This product is converted to starch. The process is called (10)
................. .
Q39. The figure given below represents an experiment to demonstrate a particular aspect
of photosynthesis. The alphabet' A' represents a certain condition inside the flask.

(i) What is the aim of the experiment?

(ii) Identify the special condition inside the flask,
(iii) Name an alternative chemical that can be used instead of KOH.
(iv) In what manner do the leaves 1 and 2 differ at the end of the starch test?
Q40. The diagrams given below show the cross section of two kinds of blood vessels:

(i) Identify the blood vessels A and B. In each case give a reason to support your answer.
(ii) Name the parts numbered 1 and 2.
(iii) When are the sounds LUBB and DUP produced during a heartbeat?
(iv) Name the blood vessel that
(1) begins and ends in capillaries.
(2) supplies blood to the walls of the heart.
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Q41. The diagram given below represents the human heart in one phase of its functional
activities. Study the same and answer the questions that follow :
(i) Name the phase
(ii) Label the parts 1, 2 and 3.
(iii) Which part of the heart is contracting in this phase? Give a reason to support your answer.
(iv) Draw well labelled diagram of part 1 and 2 to show the structural difference
between them.
Q42. The diagram below shows the Excretory System of a Human being. Study the same
and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts labelled I, 2, 3 and 4.

(ii) Give the main function of the parts labelled 5, 6, 7 and 8.
(iii) Name the endocrine gland which could be added in the diagram
and state its location/position.
Q43. Study the following diagram carefully and then answer the questions that follow. The
diagram is depicting a defect of the human eye:
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(i) Identify the defect shown in the diagram.
(ii) Give two possible reasons for the abo e defect.
(iii) Draw a neat labelled diagram to show how the above defect can be rectified?
Q44. Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye. Study the same and
then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the defect.

(ii) Name the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3.
(iii) Give two possible reasons for this eye defect.
(iv) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the above
mentioned defect is rectified.
Q45. Classify the following action as a reflex action or conditional action.
(i) Playing a guitar
(ii) Removing your hard suddenly picked by a thrown
(iii) Applying sudden brake when a dog cross the
(iv) Tying ones shoe lace.
Q46. The diagram shows a section of the human brain. Answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts labelled A, B and C.

(ii) Give the main function of each of the parts A, B, and C.
(iii) Name the three protective membranes covering the brain.
(iv) Name the basic unit of the brain.
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Q47. Pitutary gland is known as Master gland. Explain.
Q48. Name the hormones which lead to the following conditions:-
(i) Diabetes Mellitus (ii) Growth of beard in women
(iii) Myxedema (iv) Gigantism
(v) Exophthalmic goitre.
Q49. Given below is a diagram of the lateral section of a testis of a man. Study the
same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 4 of the diagram.

(ii) State the functions of the parts labelled 1 and 3.
(iii) What is the significance of the testes being located the scrotal sac outside the abdomen?
(iv) What is the role played by the inguinal canal?
(v) What is semen?
Q50. Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the part labelled A. Name any two hormones part ones produced by the labelled A.
(ii) What happens to the part labelled B
(1) If fertilization takes place?
(2) If fertilization does not take place?
(iii) Where does fertilization occur?

Q51. Given below is the outline of the male reproductive system:

(i) Name the parts labelled 1 to 5.

(ii) State the functions of the parts labelled 1 and 4.
(iii) Name the cells of part 5 that produce testosterone.
(iv) Why is the structure 5 present outside the body in the scrotal sacs?
(v) What is semen?
(vi) Write the function of seminiferous tubule.
(vii) Cessation of menstruation in females is called .....................
(ix) The period of complete intrauterine development of the embryo.................
(x) Non identical twins produced by the fertilization of two eggs..............
Q52. The diagram below represents a surgical sterilization method in males. Study the
same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the parts marked A, B, C, D and E.

(ii) Give the name of the surgical method represented in the diagram.
Q53. Given below are diagrams showing different stages in the process of fertilization of
an egg in the female reproductive tract:

(i) Use the alphabets given below each diagram to show the correct order in the
process of fertilisation.
(ii) Where in the female reproductive system does this process normally take place?
(iii) What is the biological term for the product of fusion?
(iv) What is the chromosome number of (1) the egg (2) the fused product?